Early life exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and autism in Shanghai, China: A case-control study

Background:Four million people die each year from diseases caused by exposure to household air pollution. There is an association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in children (half a million attributable deaths a year); however, whether this is true in adults is unknown. We conducted a case-control study in urban Malawi to examine the association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in adults.Methods:Hospitalized patients with radiologically confirmed pneumonia (cases) and healthy community controls underwent 48 hours of ambulatory and household particulate matter (µg/m3) and carbon monoxide (ppm) exposure monitoring. Multivariate logistic regression, stratified by HIV status, explored associations between these and other potential risk factors with pneumonia.Results:145 (117 HIV-positive; 28 HIV-negative) cases and 253 (169 HIV-positive; 84 HIV-negative) controls completed follow up. We found no evidence of association between household air pollution exposure and pneumonia in HIV-positive (e.g. ambulatory particulate matter adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.00 [95% CI 1.00–1.01, p=0.141]) or HIV-negative (e.g. ambulatory particulate matter aOR 1.00 [95% CI 0.99–1.01, p=0.872]) participants. Chronic respiratory disease was associated with pneumonia in both HIV-positive (aOR 28.07 [95% CI 9.29–84.83, p<0.001]) and HIV-negative (aOR 104.27 [95% CI 12.86–852.35, p<0.001]) participants.Conclusions:We found no evidence that exposure to household air pollution is associated with pneumonia in Malawian adults. In contrast, chronic respiratory disease was strongly associated with pneumonia.

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Early life exposure to diagnostic radiation and ultrasound scans and risk of childhood cancer: case-control study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.d472 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 342 (feb10 1) ◽

pp. d472-d472 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

P. Rajaraman ◽

J. Simpson ◽

G. Neta ◽

A. Berrington de Gonzalez ◽

P. Ansell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Cancer ◽

Early Life ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Cancer Case ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Diagnostic Radiation ◽

Control Study

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Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2–4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00969-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Hao ◽

Fang Yuan ◽

Pai Pang ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Xuejun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Family Stress ◽

Case Control ◽

Male Gender ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Early Exposure ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2–4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in preschool children aged 2–4 years. After adjusted potential confounding factors, we used logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood AR with exposure to different air pollutants according to the increasing of the interquartile range (IQR) in the exposure level. Results The prevalence of AR in children aged 2–4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m3) increase in PM10 levels, an adjusted OR was significantly elevated by 1.70 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.66). Also, with an IQR (18 μg/m3) increase in NO2, an elevated adjusted OR was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.52 to 3.18). Among children with family stress and boys, PM10 and NO2 were positively related to AR symptoms. No significant association was found among children without family stress and girls. Conclusions Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM10 and NO2.

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