scholarly journals Rethinking extra-time in major national football tournaments

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
Eyal Taoz ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Eyal Eliakim ◽  
Sigal Ben-Zaken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
National Team ◽  
Winning Team ◽  
Football Match ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Fair Game

Extra-time (ET) of 30 minutes is played if football match scores are level after 90 minutes in tournament knockout play. The demanding schedule of these tournaments along with possible ET matches in the knockout stages significantly increase players’ overload and injury risk. Present study aimed to determine whether ET during major football national team tournaments contributes to the game outcome. Data on the percentage of elimination matches that needed ET, and the percentage of ET matches that eventually required shootouts were retrieved. Over the years, increased number of participating teams lead to increased number of knockout games, and more knockout games needed ET (13% until 1978, 33% from 1982, in FIFA World Cup). In a significant percentage of matches, the ET itself did not determine the winning team, and the majority of ET matches winners were determined by shootouts (FIFA World Cup since 1982: 60.8%; UEFA European championship: 61.3%; Copa America: 92%). The purpose of playing ET is to make a fair game outcome, and not leave the winning decision for shootouts. However, since in most matches ET does not determine the winner, while significantly increasing the player’s overload and injury susceptibility, the need for ET mandates rethinking.

Twitter-Based BIRGing: Big Data Analysis of English National Team Fans During the 2018 FIFA World Cup

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Fan ◽  
Andrew Billings ◽  
Xiangyu Zhu ◽  
Panfeng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
National Team ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Team

Sports fans tend to associate themselves with a successful team (BIRGing), while disassociating themselves with unsuccessful teams (CORFing). This premise was applied to social media commentary within England’s matches against Croatia and Colombia during the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup, uncovering that English fans tended to perform Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG) when England was leading or victorious and tended to engage in Cutting Off Reflected Failure (CORF) when England was trailing or defeated. In Method 1, team identification, national identification with England, and sentiment were significantly higher when England was leading or victorious than when they were trailing or defeated. In Method 2, machine learning generated trending graphs to detect that English fans BIRGed when they scored against Colombia; they also BIRGed more frequently during the match with Croatia, peaking several times when they scored a goal, saved a goal, or took a free kick. However, even though CORFing (i.e., lower team identification, lower national identification, and lower sentiment) occurred when the opposing team scored, English fans still BIRGed when they were finally defeated by Croatia, likely a function of the stage the game took place (World Cup semifinal), indicating that England had nonetheless succeeded in the World Cup as a whole.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis During the 2014 FIFA World Cup Qualification

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-197
Author(s):  
Martin Flégl
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
National Team

This article analyzes the performance of the national football teams during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification. The sample consists of 31 qualified national teams to the final tournament in Brazil. The analysis uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and is carried out for the whole qualification period between June 2011 and November 2013. Each national team is evaluated according to a number of played matches, used players, qualification group quality, obtained points, and score. The results show that only 12.9% teams reached the performance of 100%. The reasons of low performances mainly depend on teams´ qualities either in each qualification zone or in each qualification group. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is used to confirm the adequate structure of the DEA model.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE FIRST GOAL ON THE FINAL RESULT OF THE FOOTBALL MATCH

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (98) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Werlayne Leite
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Football Match ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Among many technical and tactical aspects of the behaviour of players, the goals are the most studied. The goal is the key to success for teams and its analysis in all matches of a major football tournament that allows multiple assessments. Methods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the first goal on the final result of the football match, identifying the team that scored the first goal and the final result obtained by this team: winning, drawing or losing, and subsequently, to relate the obtained results to physical, technical, tactical and psychological performance. We analyzed all the matches of the last 5 editions of the 6 major football tournaments (national teams) in the world: FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro, CONMEBOL America Cup, AFC Asian Cup, CAF Africa Cup of Nations, and FIFA Confederations Cup (n = 996). The data were obtained from the database on the websites of the official federations, through overviews of the official matches. Quantitative data were collected in relation to the time that the goals were scored in the course of the matches. The statistical analysis of the results was conducted using the non parametric chi-square test. Results. According to the results, the team that scored the first goal in these last tournaments presented a high probability of winning (the average of 71.17% in the 6 tournaments). Conclusion. Thus, the high probability of victory in favour of the team that scores the first goal in the match of football is linked to the physical, technical, tactical and mainly the psychological aspects.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of the last champion German National Team in 2014 FIFA World CupSon şampiyon Alman Milli Takımının 2014 FIFA Dünya Kupası performansının analizi

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Göral
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
National Team ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Successful Team ◽  
Soccer Team

<p class="Default">This study has been carried out to analyze the National Team of Germany that had been the winner of the 2014 FIFA World Cup as the most successful team for several variables. Data analyzed in this research were gathered from the official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association and the international TV channels broadcasting the competitions. Technic parameters such as shots, accurate shots, corner kicks, offsides, accurate and non-accurate passes, and variances of goals scored in the matches were analyzed according to the goal times and areas. Statistics were registered through SPSS program and the percentages and frequencies were calculated. Germany National Team, the most successful team of the 2014 FIFA World Cup has scored 18 goals with an average of 2.57 goals per match without conceding a goal in the first periods . This statistic is similar to all previous tournaments. All along the tournament, most (%74) of the first 11 players of the teams starting the matches were consisted of players from Bundesliga. Accurate shots’ percentage has been determined as %73.2, the average percentage of possessing the ball as %56.71 and also the percentage of accurate passes as %81.9 out of 4990 pass attempts. As a conclusion, to achieve great results in top level tournaments such as FIFA World Cup, there are important performance indicators to take into consideration. Regarding the success of the German National Soccer Team in the tournament, it is argued that especially possessing the ball, shooting and passing accurately with a high rate along with other performance indicators are the base elements of success.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışma, 2014 FIFA Dünya Kupasında ilk sırada yer alarak en başarılı takım olan Almanya Milli futbol takımının farklı değişkenler açısından analiz edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, müsabakaları yayımlayan uluslararası TV kanalından ve FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) resmi internet sitesinden elde edilmiştir. Müsabakalarda, atılan ve yenilen gollerin zaman dilimlerine göre dağılımı, bölgelere göre topa sahip olma yüzdeleri, atılan şut, isabetli şut, köşe vuruşu, ofsayt, başarılı ve başarısız pas sayıları gibi teknik parametrelerin dağılımları analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında kaydedilmiş, frekans ve yüzde değerleri hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. 2014 Dünya kupasının en başarılı takımı olan Almanya Milli takımının, turnuva boyunca maç başına 2.57 gol ortalaması ile attığı 18 golün tüm zaman dilimlerinde benzer dağılımlar gösterdiği ve maçların ilk yarılarında hiç gol yenilmediği belirlenmiştir. Turnuva boyunca maçlara ilk 11’de başlayan futbolcuların büyük çoğunluğunu (%74.0) Bundesliga’da oynayan futbolcular oluşturmaktadır. İsabetli şut atma yüzdesinin %73.2 gibi oldukça önemli bir oranda, 7 maçta yapılan 4990 pas girişiminden %81.9’unun başarılı ve topa sahip olma yüzdesi ortalamasının %56.71 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Futbol Dünya Kupası gibi üst düzey müsabakaların oynandığı turnuvalarda, başarılı performansa ulaşabilmek için gerekli birçok performans göstergesinin olduğu, Almanya Milli takımının başarısında her maçta yüksek oranda isabetli şut atma, topa sahip olma ve başarılı pas yüzdeleri ile birlikte bu unsurların diğer performans göstergelerini de olumlu yönde etkileyerek başarılı performansın temelini oluşturduğu söylenebilir.</p>

scholarly journals Characterisation of Goal Scoring Patterns during Open Play Related to Zone Pitch Division and Number of Players Involved in the 2018 FIFA World Cup

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5601
Author(s):  
Joaquin Cerda ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
David Viejo-Romero ◽  
Luis Jimenez-Linares ◽  
Jesus Vicente Gimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
Decision Tree Algorithm ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Tree Algorithm ◽  
National Team ◽  
Id3 Algorithm

The aim of this study was to characterise all the goal scoring patterns during open play (elaborate attacks versus counterattacks) related to zone pitch division and the number of players involved in the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. An Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) decision tree algorithm was used to classify all the goal scoring patterns (94 goals in 64 matches). The results did not show statistical differences between the type of scoring goal during the 2018 FIFA World Cup (p > 0.05; ES = Moderate). According to the result of the patterns of how the goals were achieved, an ID3 algorithm decision tree with seven classification decision nodes was calculated. Consequently, this study may aid national team coaches for the next World Cup to establish notational analyses and spatial-temporal relations to understand how scoring patterns during open play are related to zone pitch division and the number of players involved.

“All in One Rhythm”: Measuring the National Team Identification of Host Residents and Event Sport Tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. Kerr ◽  
Ashlee Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
National Team ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
International Event ◽  
Sport Spectator ◽  
Spectator Identification

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fan identification of host residents and international event sport tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) is used to measure identification with national football teams through the lens of social identity theory. A case study approach saw survey data (n=706) collected at the official FIFA Fan Fest in Natal, Brazil. Both host residents and event sport tourists reported high levels of identification with the national team they supported. The data was analysed using SPSS 26.0 and the length of time one had been a fan was found to be positively correlated with strength of identification. There was no relationship found between gender nor supporter age and their strength of team identification. This study demonstrates that the SSIS can be used to measure the level of psychological connection supporters have with national football teams. The findings are particularly pertinent for events expanding their servicescape to include fan zones or other activation sites similar to the FIFA Fan Fests.

scholarly journals Trends of Goal Scoring Patterns in Soccer: A Retrospective Analysis of Five Successive FIFA World Cup Tournaments

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Alliance Kubayi ◽  
Abel Toriola
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This study analysed the 795 goals scored during a total of 320 matches played in five successive FIFA World Cup tournaments (1998–2014). Data were obtained through YouTube videos and analysed by means of Longomatch software. The variables analysed included the number of goals scored per half (45‐min period), per 15‐min period, and per 30‐min period of extra time, goal scoring zones, goals scored by substitutes, types of goals scored, and goals scored according to the playing position. With regard to 15‐min period analysis, most goals were scored between the 76th and 90th minutes (24.7%) of the game in all five World Cup competitions. Chi‐square analyses showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the frequency of goal scoring patterns per 45‐min and 15‐min periods in the five World Cup tournaments. Most goals were scored from inside the goal (23.8%) and penalty (14.6%) areas. The greatest number of goals was scored by strikers (54.2%), followed by midfielders (33.3%) and defenders (2.3%). These findings provide practical implications for improving goal‐scoring performance in soccer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document