scholarly journals The alternation between exterior locative cases and postpositions in Estonian web texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-188
Author(s):  
Jane Klavan
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Grammatical Knowledge ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Probabilistic Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Of Language ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. A probabilistic grammar approach to language assumes that grammatical knowledge has a probabilistic component and that this probabilistic knowledge of language is derived from language experience. It is assumed that the extent and nature of grammatical knowledge is reflected in language variation. In the present paper, the probabilistic variation patterns of the Estonian exterior locative cases and the corresponding postpositions are determined by exploring a large, manually annotated dataset of Estonian web texts. It is proposed that there are both similarities and differences in the morphosyntactic knowledge on the part of Estonian speakers as pertains to the three alternations: allative ~ peale ‘onto’, adessive ~ peal ‘on’, ablative ~ pealt ‘off’. The study points towards the stability and direction of the factors that have been found significant in the previous studies. Multivariate analysis of corpus data shows that the grammatical knowledge of Estonian exterior cases and the corresponding postpositions is probabilistic and regulated by both morphosyntactic and semantic factors. Kokkuvõte. Jane Klavan: Eesti keele väliskohakäänete ja kaassõnade peal, peale, pealt kasutus eestikeelses veebis. Tõenäosusliku grammatika raamistikus eeldatakse, et grammatiline teadmine hõlmab endas tõenäosuslikku komponenti ja et see tõenäosuslik komponent pärineb suures osas keele kasutuse kogemusest. Sellistelt põhimõtetelt lähtuvate uurimuste eesmärgiks on mõõta grammatilise teadmise ulatust ja olemust nagu see peegeldub keelelises varieeruvuses. Esitan suuremahulise korpusuurimuse eesti keele väliskohakäänete ja nendega rööpselt tarvitatavate kaassõnade (peale, peal, pealt) paralleelsest kasutusest eestikeelsetel veebilehtedel. Korpusandmete multifaktoriaalne analüüs näitab, et grammatiline teadmine sellest rööpsest kasutusest on tõenäosuslik ja et seda reguleerivad nii morfosüntaktilised kui semantilised tegurid.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis as a tool for measuring the stability of morphometric traits in Lycopersicon plants from in vitro culture

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Pratta ◽  
Roxana Zorzoli ◽  
Liliana Amelia Picardi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Eigenvalues And Eigenvectors ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Phenotypic Structure ◽  
Regeneration Cycle ◽  
The Stability

The phenotypic stability of morphometric traits in Lycopersicon spp. (stem perimeter at the base, middle and top, and number of flowers per cluster) was measured by multivariate analysis through a progeny test in order to estimate the genetic stability of these traits. Principal components were calculated for two groups of Lycopersicon spp., non-regenerated plants and the progeny of regenerated plants. Analysis of variance was performed to support principal component analysis. Both groups presented similar eigenvalues and eigenvectors, while no significant differences were found between any of the traits studied. These results indicated that the phenotypic structure was the same among the progeny of regenerated and non-regenerated plants, so that no variation would occur in in vitro culture. Multivariate analysis proved to be an appropriate methodology for the measurement of the stability of morphometric traits after one regeneration cycle.

scholarly journals Kerukunan Umat Beragama: Relevansi Pasal 25 Piagam Madinah dan Pasal 29 UUD 1945

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Nurul Fajriah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

This article is a study of literature describing religious harmony: the relevance of Article 25 of the Medina Charter and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution. The Medina Charter was made in the 7th century (classical century) and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution was born in modern times, around the 20th century. Both have relevancy which states that every citizen is free to adhere to their respective religions. The plurality of society in Indonesia has similarities and differences from the plurality of society in Medina around 622 AD. The stability and harmony of religious communities in the Medina at that time was regulated in the Medina charter which is the constitution of the Medina state. Harmony among religious communities in Indonesia is also an important concern of the Indonesian government as stipulated in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the state because the state believes that religious diversity is not a disintegrating factor for the Indonesian people.Abstrak: Artikel ini adalah kajian literatur yang mendeskripsikan kerukunan umat beragama: relevansi pasal 25 Piagam Madinah dan Pasal 29 UUD 1945. Piagam Madinah dibuat pada abad VII (abad klasik) dan pasal 29 UUD 1945 baru lahir pada zaman modern, sekitar abad XX. Keduanya memiliki relevansi yang menyatakan bahwa setiap warga negara bebas menganut agamanya masing-masing. Kemajemukan masyarakat di Indonesia mempunyai sisi-sisi persamaan dan perbedaan dengan kemajemukan masyarakat di Madinah sekitar tahun 622 M. Keberlangsungan dan keharmonisan umat beragama di negara Madinah pada waktu itu diatur dalam piagam Madinah yang merupakan konstitusi negara Madinah. Kerukunan antar umat beragama di Indonesia juga menjadi perhatian penting pemerintah dengan adanya kebijakan Negara Republik Indonesia dari segi agama yang tertuang dalam pasal 29 UUD 1945. Kebebasan beragama ini dijamin oleh negara karena keyakinan bahwa keberagaman agama tidak akan menjadi disentegrating factor bagi bangsa Indonesia

scholarly journals Adolescent Perception of Maternal Practices in Portugal and Spain: Similarities and Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5910
Author(s):  
Bárbara Lorence ◽  
Cristina Nunes ◽  
Susana Menéndez ◽  
Javier Pérez-Padilla ◽  
Victoria Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions ◽  
Situated Perspective ◽  
Southern European Countries

The aim of this study was to compare parenting in two southern European countries, Spain and Portugal, according to adolescent perceptions from a situated perspective. A total of 445 Portuguese (58.88%) and Spanish (41.12%) adolescents completed a questionnaire about maternal practices and provided socio-demographic information. Portuguese and Spanish mothers were more responsive than coercive in controlling adolescents’ compliance and non-compliance situations. Spanish mothers scolded, revoked privileges, and punished physically more often than Portuguese mothers, who used dialogue more often. Multivariate analysis showed three groups of parenting practices. Portuguese mothers were represented mainly in the Indulgent group (81.70%), and Spanish mothers in the Authoritative group (74.40%), whereas the third group (Neglectful) was independent of the country of origin. These results support the theory that research and family intervention should recognize cultural aspects in order to grasp the parenting process.

scholarly journals Genotype Environment Interaction in Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativusL.) Lines

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Polignano ◽  
V. Bisignano ◽  
V. Tomaselli ◽  
P. Uggenti ◽  
V. Alba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Stability

Eight grass pea lines grown in three different seasons were evaluated for the stability of seed yield, 100 seeds weight, flowering time, plant height, and biomass. Significant differences existed among years, lines, and lines years interaction for all traits except for 100 seeds weight. Two methods of multivariate analysis cluster and principal components were utilized to determine: firstly, whether a pattern existed among lines in their response across years and secondly to examine the relationships among them. In both analyses, each line was presented as a vector whose elements were given by the performance of lines in each year. The analyses used arranged the lines into groups that were differentiable in terms of performances and stability. Our results provide useful information to aid the choice of grass pea lines in the Mediterranean marginal areas.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences in Values of Polish Young Women and their parents – the Effect of Value Transmission and Value Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Karolina Pietras ◽  
Joanna Fryt
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Value Transmission ◽  
Fathers And Daughters ◽  
Specific Time Point ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Point

AbstractThe similarities and differences in values between generations reflect both the stability and change of socio-cultural trends prevailing at a specific time point as well as developmental processes occurring across the life span. Intergenerational similarities in values may be the effect of value transmission within family or consequence of sharing the same socio-cultural context, since both these processes are difficult to separate. The aims of the study were: 1) to describe similarities and differences in values preferences between young women and their both parents; 2) to determine which values may be transmitted within families. Ninety nine women aged 19-25 and their both parents filled in the Schwartz’ Portrait Value Questionnaire [PVQ- 21, Schwartz 2003]. Comparing to older generation young women showed greater preference for achievement, hedonism, stimulation and universalism as well as less preference for conformity and tradition. To assess value transmission two methods measuring similarity between family members were used. According to correlation analysis values representing conservation (conformity, tradition and security) as well as benevolence and power were transmitted in families between women, while security and two values related to self-enhancement (power and achievement) were transmitted between fathers and daughters. According to comparisons of family dyads with pseudo family dyads only mothers and daughters were found to be similar in their preference for tradition, security and power.

THE EMPLOYABILITY OF PSYCHOLOGISTS IN ACADEMIC SETTINGS: A CROSS-VALIDATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Quereshi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Search Committee ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Curriculum Vitae ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Stability

The curriculum vitae (CV) of 117 applicants for the position of assistant professor of psychology were analyzed to yield four cross-validated factors which were used as predictors in six stepwise multiple regression analyses, as well as in a canonical analysis, with ratings of 117 CVs by five members of a search committee being the criteria. Comparisons of the results of the present study with those of the previous one for which the data were collected four years ago indicated considerable correspondence in regard to (a) the stability of the factors and of their relative contributions to the multiple Rs and (b) the similarities and differences among the judges with respect to their cognitive complexity and selectivity.

scholarly journals Stability and plasticity in neural encoding of linguistically relevant pitch patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1409-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Xie ◽  
Rachel Reetzke ◽  
Bharath Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pitch Patterns ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mandarin Tones

While lifelong language experience modulates subcortical encoding of pitch patterns, there is emerging evidence that short-term training introduced in adulthood also shapes subcortical pitch encoding. Here we use a cross-language design to examine the stability of language experience-dependent subcortical plasticity over multiple days. We then examine the extent to which behavioral relevance induced by sound-to-category training leads to plastic changes in subcortical pitch encoding in adulthood relative to adolescence, a period of ongoing maturation of subcortical and cortical auditory processing. Frequency-following responses (FFRs), which reflect phase-locked activity from subcortical neural ensembles, were elicited while participants passively listened to pitch patterns reflective of Mandarin tones. In experiment 1, FFRs were recorded across three consecutive days from native Chinese-speaking ( n = 10) and English-speaking ( n = 10) adults. In experiment 2, FFRs were recorded from native English-speaking adolescents ( n = 20) and adults ( n = 15) before, during, and immediately after a session of sound-to-category training, as well as a day after training ceased. Experiment 1 demonstrated the stability of language experience-dependent subcortical plasticity in pitch encoding across multiple days of passive exposure to linguistic pitch patterns. In contrast, experiment 2 revealed an enhancement in subcortical pitch encoding that emerged a day after the sound-to-category training, with some developmental differences observed. Taken together, these findings suggest that behavioral relevance is a critical component for the observation of plasticity in the subcortical encoding of pitch.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examine the timescale of experience-dependent auditory plasticity to linguistically relevant pitch patterns. We find extreme stability in lifelong experience-dependent plasticity. We further demonstrate that subcortical function in adolescents and adults is modulated by a single session of sound-to-category training. Our results suggest that behavioral relevance is a necessary ingredient for neural changes in pitch encoding to be observed throughout human development. These findings contribute to the neurophysiological understanding of long- and short-term experience-dependent modulation of pitch.

scholarly journals Transformation Text as a Tool for Forming a Language Guess while Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
I. I. Yazykov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Substitution Models

The aim of the study is to analyse the didactic possibilities of the source text on the basis of exercises aimed at its modification (transformation). The article pays attention to substitution and transformation exercises for students-inophones (language proficiency levels on the scale TORFL-1, TORFL-2). Exercises with substitution models (language variation patterns) are described as tools for creating modified (transformational) text, in which students-inophones, while working with source texts, can produce statements in the process of synthesis of supporting text elements into a whole and coherent text (statement by analogy). Examples of substitution and transformation exercises for foreign students are given. Distinctive features of the texts promoting formation of a language guess in lessons of Russian as a foreign language are noted. The results of the research allow to draw a conclusion about the possibility to form a language guess at students-inophones on the basis of transformation of the source text.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN ANALISIS REGRESI DAN AMMI UNTUK EVALUASI STABILITAS HASIL GENOTIPE PADI DAN PENGARUH INTERAKSI GENETIK DAN LINGKUNGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Index

<div data-canvas-width="788.5">Some statistical analyses were employed to depict responses of genotype (G) on environment (E). Regression analysis</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6966666666665">reflects the average index of G x E to calculate the genotype responses to heterogenous environment. Regression deviation</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6916666666664">was employed to count the stability of the result obtained through such a method, which, further be developed to test</div><div data-canvas-width="802.7233333333332">the average effect of G x E through a combination of additive effects of multivariate analysis with multiplication effect</div><div data-canvas-width="802.6350000000001">on the primary component (AMMI model). Regression analysis showed that Ciherang, Hibrindo R1, IH806 hybrid was</div><div data-canvas-width="339.73166666666657">more superior than others in terms of stability and</div><div data-canvas-width="462.62666666666667">product adaptability, whereas IH805, IH808, and IH809, are specific</div><div data-canvas-width="424.0566666666667">for locations Batang, Jember, Ngawi, and Madiun, respectively.</div>

Multivariate Analysis of Stance in Fiction

2010 ◽  
pp. 22-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Lena Opas-Hänninen
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way

This study investigates the expression of stance in Samuel Beckett’s prose work. Following Biber and Finegan (1989), a wide variety of stance markers are identified and calculated in the texts. A multivariate statistical methodology is then used to analyze the way in which these markers of stance interact in the texts. The results are plotted two-dimensionally to enable visualizing the similarities and differences between the texts. These are also illustrated using examples from the texts. Some of the findings are a little surprising and, therefore, a new tool is used to plot the results three-dimensionally, enabling a better understanding of how stance is reflected and how the texts resemble and deviate from one another. Finally, the usefulness of this analysis is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document