scholarly journals Analysis of physical fitness tests and the body composition of the military personnel

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Liana Pļaviņa ◽  
Silvija Umbraško
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
The Military

The Body composition is related to higher physical performance and a lower risk of health problems, it connects to external and internal factors. Military activitiesf are characterized with a high physical load and a psychological load, physical fitness and the body composition have an adverse effect on military performance. The primary purpose of the body composition and physical fitness is related to the selection of individuals the best suited to the demands of military service [2,10]. The proper body mass supports good health capacity [11,13]. The maintenance of body composition and appropriate physical fitness standards by the military personnel is affected by the intrinsic factors such as the individual’s genetic factors, development history, social background, and extrinsic factors, environmental changes and institutional, systemic changes. The effects of the excess body mass are widespread, raise the variety of concerns relevant to the health and performance of the military personnel [1,3,4,5]. The diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and heart disease increased with the obesity [6,7,9,12]. The individuals with overweight have more medical complication than the individuals with the standard body mass. The higher body mass index was associated with higher morbidity and mortality [8]. We have classified individuals according to the age into subgroups and provided the evaluation of the body composition on the basis of the main anthropometric characteristics as well the analysis of the standard physical fitness tests results. The analysis of the average value of the body mass and the Body Mass Index have shown large individual changes inside the subgroups and between the subgroups. The assessment of the results of physical fitness tests is provided differentially according to the individual corresponding age subgroup. The analysis of the respondent data reveals the overweight and obesity problem that became actual with the increasing the age of individuals. Physical fitness tests results have shown that the excellent physical fitness evaluation is received by about 33–44% of the military personnel that reflects a high unit of operational readiness.

scholarly journals Assessment of body composition and the anthropometric parameters of the military personnel during high physical load exercises

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Liana Pļaviņa ◽  
Natalija Vellere ◽  
Silvija Umbraško
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
The Military

Military activities are characterized with high physical endurance exercises and the psychological load. The cadets of the last study year participate in the combat training course lasting for ten days. The combat training course is a challenge for military officers. It is characterized with the transition from the daily military study process routine in the National Defence Academy to military exercises in the external environment. The cadets face feeding limitation, sleeping deprivation, intensive and continuous training, strict discipline, etc. Such a situation requires the adaptation to a novel way of activity, which includes hardships and arduous training. We provided the assessment of the body mass fluctuation during the combat training course. We provided the analysis of anthropometric parameters before, during and after the combat training course, summarized the data of the health statement and health problems that are fixed in the medical cards. The proper body mass supports the good health capacity. The body composition undergoes changes during the higher physical load performance. The analysis of the average value of the body mass and the Body Mass Index have shown large individual changes inside the groups. Physical fitness and body composition have an adverse effect on military performance. The assessment of the results of physical fitness tests is provided differentially according to the individual corresponding age subgroup. The military personnel have a high risk for the health concerning the impact of external and internal factors. According to the review of the medical cards of the cadets group we indicated the main problems which are fixed after the combat training course. These are acute respiratory infections, dermatological problems, locomotor system problems, gastro-intestinal problems.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obesity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevo POPOVIC ◽  
Boris BANJEVIC ◽  
Bojan MASANOVIC ◽  
Dusko BJELICA
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
General Terms

Background: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties. Methods: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki’s model, the variables were analyzed. Results: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties. Conclusion: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations.  

scholarly journals Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Miloš Stojković ◽  
Katie M. Heinrich ◽  
Aleksandar Čvorović ◽  
Velimir Jeknić ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Study Results

The first aim of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI) (indirect method) classification with the body fat percent (PBF) (direct method) and to determine how BMI classifies subjects with different levels of skeletal muscle mass percent (PSMM). The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among police trainees (PTs). A total of 103 male PTs participated in this research: age = 21.46 ± 0.64 years, body mass (BM) = 75.97 ± 8.10 kg, body height (BH) = 174.07 ± 6.31 cm, BMI = 25.05 ± 2.12 kg/m2. The InBody 370 multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measured body composition. Study results indicated that muscular PTs could be misclassified as overweight and that PBF identified more subjects as obese. Namely, three PTs were obese according to BMI, while 13 were obese according to PBF. The information provided by this research could be used to help professionals understand the importance of measuring body composition, and the inaccuracies in BMI classification. In conclusion, whenever possible PSMM and PBF should replace the utilization of BMI to screen overweight and obesity in PTs. Agencies may think of using BIA as non-invasive, quick and inexpensive measurement tool.

scholarly journals Physical fitness in preschoolers according to body composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Riso ◽  
Lisette Toplaan ◽  
Piret Viira ◽  
Sille Vaiksaar ◽  
Jaak Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fitness Tests

The objective of this study was to investigate physical fitness of preschoolaged children just before entering school according to their body mass index, and to examine possible associations of body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass with physical fitness in preschool-aged children. Two hundred and fifty-six preschoolers aged 6 to 7 years participated in the study. Physical fitness was assessed using PREFIT test battery and body composition was estimated using four skinfold thickness parameters. Overweight children had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and lower results in all weight-bearing fitness tests, and better handgrip strength test result in comparison with normal-weight children. Significant associations were found between body composition indices and the results of physical fitness tests. Higher BMI associated negatively with weight-bearing physical fitness tests. The results of the research indicate that weight-status and body composition have significant effect on physical fitness in 6–7 years old preschoolers.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure, nutritional status, body composition and physical fitness of Royal Marines during a 6-month operational deployment in Afghanistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Fallowfield ◽  
Simon K. Delves ◽  
Neil E. Hill ◽  
Rosalyn Cobley ◽  
Pieter Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Micronutrient Status

Understanding the nutritional demands on serving military personnel is critical to inform training schedules and dietary provision. Troops deployed to Afghanistan face austere living and working environments. Observations from the military and those reported in the British and US media indicated possible physical degradation of personnel deployed to Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in body composition and nutritional status of military personnel deployed to Afghanistan and how these were related to physical fitness. In a cohort of British Royal Marines (n 249) deployed to Afghanistan for 6 months, body size and body composition were estimated from body mass, height, girth and skinfold measurements. Energy intake (EI) was estimated from food diaries and energy expenditure measured using the doubly labelled water method in a representative subgroup. Strength and aerobic fitness were assessed. The mean body mass of volunteers decreased over the first half of the deployment ( − 4·6 (sd 3·7) %), predominately reflecting fat loss. Body mass partially recovered (mean +2·2 (sd 2·9) %) between the mid- and post-deployment periods (P< 0·05). Daily EI (mean 10 590 (sd 3339) kJ) was significantly lower than the estimated daily energy expenditure (mean 15 167 (sd 1883) kJ) measured in a subgroup of volunteers. However, despite the body mass loss, aerobic fitness and strength were well maintained. Nutritional provision for British military personnel in Afghanistan appeared sufficient to maintain physical capability and micronutrient status, but providing appropriate nutrition in harsh operational environments must remain a priority.

scholarly journals Health profile with body mass index and physical fitness in Swedish adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Yohannes ◽  
Anna Hafsteinsson Östenberg ◽  
Marie Alricsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjectivesPhysical inactivity and poor physical fitness in children and adolescents are growing public health problems globally. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and three physical fitness components, including overall fitness, according to the Swedish Physical power, Mental harmony and Social capacity profile (FMS profile). Another aim was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the FMS questionnaire and fitness tests.MethodsA total of 3,692 male and female adolescents in Sweden, between year 2004 and 2013, aged from 16 to 18 years old, were included. Height and weight data were collected to calculate the Body mass index (BMI). The participants performed physical fitness tests, which measure cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength and flexibility. The test-retest study included 18 adolescents, aged 16. They answered the FMS questionnaire and participated in the fitness tests with one-week interval.ResultsA weak inverse relationship between BMI and physical fitness was found: r=−0.06 to −0.07 (p<0.05) for flexibility, r=−0.13 to 0.10 (p<0.001) for strength, r=−0.14 to −0.33 (p<0.001) for cardiorespiratory fitness, and r=−0.15 to −0.27 (p<0.001) for overall fitness. In the test-retest study, the ICC’s for strength, flexibility and balance were 0.94, 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. The ICC’s for the questions regarding lifestyle ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 and for diet, physical activity and drugs were 0.56, 0.44 and 0.58, respectively. The correlation was stronger in overweight/obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals.ConclusionOverweight and obese individuals scored lower in the fitness tests compared to their normal weight counterparts. The test-retest study revealed that the FMS questionnaire and fitness tests are reliable tools.

scholarly journals Relationships between somatic structure, physical fitness, and the results in passing selected obstacle courses by cadets from the General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-844
Author(s):  
Dariusz Lenart
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to assess the relationship between the body structure, physical fitness, and functional parameters of the respiratory system of the cadets from the General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces (AWL) and their results in passing selected obstacle courses. The research material was collected from testing cadets of the third year of management studies. The research included anthropometric measurements, physical fitness tests, spirometry, and tests determining the level of passing selected obstacle courses. Body height and weight were measured. The body mass index was also calculated. Besides, the following functional characteristics were measured: cardiopulmonary endurance, functional strength, running speed and agility, balance, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow. The study also included tests determining the level of passing the land and water obstacle courses. Statistically significant relationships were found between height and weight, balance, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Moreover, there were correlations between body weight and body mass index and the results in passing the land obstacle course. In addition, there were connections between cardiopulmonary endurance and performance in passing the land obstacle course, body balance, and performance in passing the land and water obstacle course. All the relationships mentioned above were low and statistically significant.

The Effects of Exercise During a 10-Week Basic Military Training Program on the Physical Fitness and the Body Composition of the Greek Naval Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Vantarakis ◽  
Nikolaos Vezos ◽  
Konstantinos Karakatsanis ◽  
Gerasimos Grivas ◽  
Theodosia Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

ABSTRACT Introduction The period of basic military training (BMT) is a sudden change in the individual habits of the trainees and is characterized by significant improvements in body composition such as the percentage of body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (BM). Research has shown that physical activity during the period of BMT lasting 7–10 weeks has positive effects on the physical condition and BM of cadets. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training combining cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course on physical fitness and body composition during a 10-week BMT period over 4 years in the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA). Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 185 Greek cadets of the HNA (age: 18.4 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.77 ± 6.7 m, BM: 72.6 ± 9.1 kg), of which 153 was male (age: 18.3 ± 0.6 years, height: 1.79 ± 5.8 cm, BM: 75.3 ± 7.6 kg) and 32 was female (age: 18.6 ± 0.9 years, height: 1.68 ± 2.8 cm, BM: 59.9 ± 3.1 kg). The cadets participated each year for 4 years in the BMT, performing 94 training sessions, five times a week. The weekly training program included cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course. The measurements of the participants before and after BMT were on BM, %BF, and body mass index (BMI); on the number of sit-ups (SU1), push-ups (PU1), and pull-ups (PullU1) in 1 minute; and on the 12-minute aerobic Cooper test (12-min run). Results The results of the study showed that the BM of the cadets decreased significantly by 2.5%, (t184 = 17.591, P &lt; .01), in men by 2.7% (t152 = 16.243, P &lt; .01) and in women by 2.2% (t31 = 9.280, P &lt; .01). Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly by 2.6% (t184 = 17.681, P &lt; .01), in men by 3.0% (t152 = 16.046, P &lt; .01) and in women by 2.3% (t31 = 9.224, P &lt; 0.01). Reduction in %BF in all cadets reached 11.3% (t184 = 8.134, P &lt; .01), for men −14.8% (t152 = 8.918, P &lt; .01) and women −2.1% (t31 = 0.860, P &gt; .05) without significant differences between the measurements. The number of push-ups in 1 minute (PU1) significantly increased by 27.6% (t184 = −27.813, P &lt; .01), in women by +35.6% (t31 = 13,864, P &lt; .01). The number of sit-ups in 1 minute (SU1) significantly increased by 27.3% (t184 = −30.501, P &lt; .01), for men +28.8% (t152 = −29.862, P &lt; .01). The number of pull-ups in 1 minute (PullU1) reached 20.8% (t184 = −13.426, P &lt; .01) in total, at similar levels in men (t152 = −13.918, p &lt; .01) and women (t31 = −2.820, P &lt; .01). On the 12-min run, the significant improvement exceeded 10.8% (t184 = −45.289, P &lt; .01), in men by 11.1% (t152 = −45.222, P &lt; .01) while in women by 9.0% (t31 = 15.709, P &lt; .01). Conclusions The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of BMT, which combined cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course improved the body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and the strength of the Greek HNA cadets.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Student Body Ability Index of Medical Faculty Jember University

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Adelia Handoko ◽  
Aris Prasetyo ◽  
Pipiet Wulandari ◽  
Kristianingrum Dian Sofiana ◽  
Jauhar Firdaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Technological advances in recent years have had an impact on people's lifestyles. Almost all activities in various sectors can be carried out and accessed via smartphones. This causes a decrease in physical activity which can lead to obesity. Obesity is an imbalance of energy entering the energy used in the body resulting in the accumulation of excess lipids which can interfere with the health condition of the body. Body composition is an important part of determining one's physical fitness. Body composition can be seen from a person's Body Mass Index (BMI). This type of research is analytic observational with cross sectional research design. The data used by researchers is secondary data in 2018. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample used in this study was 127 people, consisting of 47 men and 84 women. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 through the Spearman Analysis Test with the results of p = 0.000 (p-value <0.05) for the relationship between BMI and IKB in the slow way and p = 0.002 (p-value <0.05) for the relationship between BMI with IKB the fast way. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of the analysis is that there is a weak correlation between body mass index and body fitness index on the Havard Step Test fitness test for students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember. Keywords: body mass index, harvard step test , physical fitness

scholarly journals MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS AMONG POLISH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska ◽  
Janusz Maciaszek ◽  
Paweł Krol ◽  
Magdalena Sobieska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Lower Reactivity ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Health Related

Background Obesity is considered as one of the risk factors for heart disease, cancer, diabetes, greater rates of mortality as young adults. Objectives Body composition affects physical fitness, but no relation to sex and the degree of obesity was investigated so far in Polish adolescents. Material and methods The studies involved 118 adolescents (12 to 18 years old) who were overweight or obese. The assessment of the body composition was performed by measuring the bioimpedance. The concentration of alpha1-acid glycoprotein and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was measured by immunoelectrophoresis. The glycosylation profiles of AGP and ACT were investigated by crossed-affinity immunoelectrophoresis with Concanavalin A. Physical fitness was measured using the Eurofit test. Results In the study group of girls the body fat content determined on the basis of bioimpedance is not significantly different for overweight and obesity, whereas in the group of boys it is significantly higher in obese individuals. Fitness tests showed a heterogeneous impact of obesity on fitness: some results of the tests were good (FLB, PLT, SAR, HGR) in other tests (SBJ, SUP, BAH, ESR, SHR) the results were considerably inferior. The study of acute phase proteins showed elevated levels of AGP, higher in boys, lower reactivity with ConA in overweight boys and girls, and higher reactivity with ConA in obese boys and girls. Conclusion As the BMI percentile, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio increase, the results of fitness tests, measured using the EUROFIT test, deteriorate. The consequences of excessive body fat are greater for boys, both in terms of abnormal laboratory markers and physical fitness.

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