scholarly journals Physical fitness in preschoolers according to body composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Riso ◽  
Lisette Toplaan ◽  
Piret Viira ◽  
Sille Vaiksaar ◽  
Jaak Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fitness Tests

The objective of this study was to investigate physical fitness of preschoolaged children just before entering school according to their body mass index, and to examine possible associations of body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass with physical fitness in preschool-aged children. Two hundred and fifty-six preschoolers aged 6 to 7 years participated in the study. Physical fitness was assessed using PREFIT test battery and body composition was estimated using four skinfold thickness parameters. Overweight children had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and lower results in all weight-bearing fitness tests, and better handgrip strength test result in comparison with normal-weight children. Significant associations were found between body composition indices and the results of physical fitness tests. Higher BMI associated negatively with weight-bearing physical fitness tests. The results of the research indicate that weight-status and body composition have significant effect on physical fitness in 6–7 years old preschoolers.

scholarly journals Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
María Mendoza-Muñoz ◽  
José Carmelo Adsuar ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Laura Muñoz-Bermejo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Garcia-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Fitness Tests

Background and objectives: Childhood obesity is one of the main public health issues facing advanced societies. The Spanish population presents 28.6% overweight or obese adolescents, and Extremadura, 22.3%. Physical fitness is considered one of the most important health markers and a common predictor of morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. Thus, fitness tests are needed for health monitoring, especially in overweight and obese adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between body composition and physical fitness in adolescents and to analyse if there are differences in physical condition and body composition between the sexes, as well as to compare the different body mass index (BMI) categories to each other. This project also tried to find regression equations to predict the physical fitness test results. Materials and Methods: A total of 225 adolescents were recruited. Weight status was classified according to WHO 2007 standards. Body composition variables (i.e., BMI, fat mass (FM), FM percentage (FM%), and fat-free mass (FFM)) and physical fitness (standing long jump (SLJ), speed–agility (SA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), and handgrip strength (HS)) were assessed. Results: Significant differences were found between the sexes in body composition (FM%, FM, and FFM) and physical fitness (SLJ, SA, CF, and HS) (p < 0.001) in favour of males. Significant differences were also found in speed (p = 0.002), CF (p < 0.001), and SLJ (p = 0.004) in favour of normal-weight adolescents compared to overweight and obese adolescents. Contrarily, the outcomes revealed a significantly greater HS (p = 0.014) in favour of overweight and obese participants compared to normal-weight adolescents. Moreover, the results showed that CF and SLJ correlated inversely with BMI, FM%, and total FM. There was also a direct relationship between SA and FM percentage, as well as between HS and FFM. Finally, four fitness test predictive models are proposed based on body composition, age, sex, and BMI. Conclusions: Overweight and obese adolescents have lower levels of physical fitness than their normal-weight peers, regardless of their sex. Normal-ranged body composition values are related to a greater physical fitness in adolescents. Furthermore, this study presents several equations that can help to predict the performance of different fitness tests in adolescents.

scholarly journals Health profile with body mass index and physical fitness in Swedish adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Yohannes ◽  
Anna Hafsteinsson Östenberg ◽  
Marie Alricsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjectivesPhysical inactivity and poor physical fitness in children and adolescents are growing public health problems globally. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and three physical fitness components, including overall fitness, according to the Swedish Physical power, Mental harmony and Social capacity profile (FMS profile). Another aim was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the FMS questionnaire and fitness tests.MethodsA total of 3,692 male and female adolescents in Sweden, between year 2004 and 2013, aged from 16 to 18 years old, were included. Height and weight data were collected to calculate the Body mass index (BMI). The participants performed physical fitness tests, which measure cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength and flexibility. The test-retest study included 18 adolescents, aged 16. They answered the FMS questionnaire and participated in the fitness tests with one-week interval.ResultsA weak inverse relationship between BMI and physical fitness was found: r=−0.06 to −0.07 (p<0.05) for flexibility, r=−0.13 to 0.10 (p<0.001) for strength, r=−0.14 to −0.33 (p<0.001) for cardiorespiratory fitness, and r=−0.15 to −0.27 (p<0.001) for overall fitness. In the test-retest study, the ICC’s for strength, flexibility and balance were 0.94, 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. The ICC’s for the questions regarding lifestyle ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 and for diet, physical activity and drugs were 0.56, 0.44 and 0.58, respectively. The correlation was stronger in overweight/obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals.ConclusionOverweight and obese individuals scored lower in the fitness tests compared to their normal weight counterparts. The test-retest study revealed that the FMS questionnaire and fitness tests are reliable tools.

scholarly journals Analysis of physical fitness tests and the body composition of the military personnel

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Liana Pļaviņa ◽  
Silvija Umbraško
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
The Military

The Body composition is related to higher physical performance and a lower risk of health problems, it connects to external and internal factors. Military activitiesf are characterized with a high physical load and a psychological load, physical fitness and the body composition have an adverse effect on military performance. The primary purpose of the body composition and physical fitness is related to the selection of individuals the best suited to the demands of military service [2,10]. The proper body mass supports good health capacity [11,13]. The maintenance of body composition and appropriate physical fitness standards by the military personnel is affected by the intrinsic factors such as the individual’s genetic factors, development history, social background, and extrinsic factors, environmental changes and institutional, systemic changes. The effects of the excess body mass are widespread, raise the variety of concerns relevant to the health and performance of the military personnel [1,3,4,5]. The diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and heart disease increased with the obesity [6,7,9,12]. The individuals with overweight have more medical complication than the individuals with the standard body mass. The higher body mass index was associated with higher morbidity and mortality [8]. We have classified individuals according to the age into subgroups and provided the evaluation of the body composition on the basis of the main anthropometric characteristics as well the analysis of the standard physical fitness tests results. The analysis of the average value of the body mass and the Body Mass Index have shown large individual changes inside the subgroups and between the subgroups. The assessment of the results of physical fitness tests is provided differentially according to the individual corresponding age subgroup. The analysis of the respondent data reveals the overweight and obesity problem that became actual with the increasing the age of individuals. Physical fitness tests results have shown that the excellent physical fitness evaluation is received by about 33–44% of the military personnel that reflects a high unit of operational readiness.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Preschool (3-6 Years)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiomar Serrano-Gallén ◽  
Natalia María Arias Palencia ◽  
Sixto González-Víllora ◽  
Víctor Gil-López ◽  
Monserrat Solera-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundPhysical Activity (PA), body composition and fitness in children has been associated with short and long-term health benefits. However, little research that analizes these variables focuses on the Preschool Education stage. For this reason, the aim of this research is to study the relationship between PA, fatness and fitness in the Preschool Education stage (3-6 years).MethodsThis study included 230 children (109 boys and 121 girls) aged 3 to 5 years old with a mean age of 4.92±0.84. Body composition and fitness were assessed using PREFIT battery and a sit and reach test. For the multiple linear regression models of this study, we only included a total of 151 (65.65%) children in which PA levels were measured using accelerometers for seven days.ResultsThere were differences in the fitness test between boys and girls. There were not significant differences in fitness tests between normal-weight and over-weight children, except in handgrip strength in which over-weight children had better results. There was no significant association between body composition and PA subcomponents. Higher PA levels were related with better physical fitness values.DiscussionThe few studies that have studied the relationship between fatness, physical fitness and PA in Preschool have had controversial results. These differences might be caused by different reasons: different tests, age of the participants, sample size, study design, etc. were used.ConclusionsPA is associated with better physical fitness performance in Preschool children, although fitness is also influenced by sex in these ages. Thus, generally, except in the case of flexibility, boys obtained better results in fitness tests than girls. However, body composition does not seem to be related to PA or sex in Preschool children.

scholarly journals Associations of body composition and physical fitness with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health in pregnancy: Results from the HealthyMoms trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Johanna Sandborg ◽  
Emmie Söderström ◽  
Marja H. Leppänen ◽  
Victoria Snekkenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Mass Index

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine associations of body composition (fat mass index, % fat mass, fat-free mass index, body mass index) and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and handgrip strength) with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health in early pregnancy. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data (n = 303) collected in early pregnancy from the HealthyMoms trial. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by means of the 6-min walk test and handgrip strength using a dynamometer. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for gestational diabetes as well as high (defined as 1 SD above the mean) blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and metabolic syndrome score (MetS score) per 1 SD increase in body composition and fitness variables. Fat mass index, % fat mass and body mass index were all strongly associated with gestational diabetes (ORs: 1.72–2.14, P ≤ 0.003), HOMA-IR (ORs: 3.01–3.80, P < 0.001), blood pressure (ORs: 1.81–2.05, P < 0.001) and MetS score (ORs: 3.29–3.71, P < 0.001). Associations with fat-free mass index were considerably weaker (ORs: 1.26–1.82, P = 0.001–0.15) and were strongly attenuated after adjustments for fat mass index (ORs: 0.88–1.54, P = 0.039–0.68). Finally, greater cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower risk of high HOMA-IR and MetS score (ORs: 0.57–0.63, P  ≤ 0.004) although these associations were attenuated when accounting for fat mass index (ORs: 1.08-1.11, P ≥ 0.61). In conclusion, accurately measured fat mass index or % fat mass were strongly associated with gestational diabetes risk and markers of cardiovascular health although associations were not stronger than the corresponding ones for body mass index. Fat-free mass index had only weak associations with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health which support that the focus during clinical care would be on excess fat mass and not fat-free mass.

Parental body mass index and its association with body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle factors in their 4-year-old children: results from the MINISTOP trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1200-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cadenas-Sanchez ◽  
P Henriksson ◽  
H Henriksson ◽  
C Delisle Nyström ◽  
J Pomeroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Factors

scholarly journals Body mass index and weight status misperception among a sample of college students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Janatin Hastuti ◽  
Neni Trilusiana Rahmawati ◽  
Rusyad Adi Suriyanto
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ordinal Regression ◽  
Ordinal Regression Analysis

Background: Weight status perception associates with objective weight status and is important in the management of weight control. To date, perception of weight status among Indonesian youths has not been reported.Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between body mass index and weight status perception in a sample of college students in Yogyakarta Province.Materials and Methods: A sample of 209 boys and 269 girls of college students in Yogyakarta Province were measured for their stature and body weight. Body mass index was calculated (BMI). Data of demographic, exercise, and diet were collected. Weight status perception was based on participant responses to a question regarding how they classified their own body size as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Ordinal regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with weight status misperception among boys and girls.Results: Overall, 43.5% of boys and 37.5% of girls misclassified their own weight status by actual BMI. Of particular note, 75.9% of obese boys and 78.6% of obese girls underestimated their weight status as overweight or normal weight. Whereas, 9.1% and 23.4% of normal weight boys and girls respectively, overestimated their weight status. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that, weight status misperception from others was significantly contributed (p<0.01) to misperception of weight status among boys and girls with OR of 10.31 and 8.13 respectively. Diet practicing was significantly correlated with weight status misperception in boys (p<0.05) with an OR of 19.57.Conclusions: Weight status misperception was prevalent among normal weight and obese students. Obese students of both gender and normal weight boys tended to underestimate their weight status, whereas normal weight girls were likely to overestimate their weight status.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.225-232

scholarly journals Physical fitness and nutritional anthropometric status of children from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Danielle Smith ◽  
Larissa Adams ◽  
Rosa Du Randt ◽  
Jan Degen ◽  
Stefanie Gall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Nelson Mandela

Background: Information about the relationships between physical fitness, body composition and nutrition has increased in recent years; however, little is known about physical fitness and the coexistence of under-/overnutrition among children living in disadvantaged areas. Objectives: To determine the physical fitness status and its association with body composition, growth and selected socio- demographics in primary schoolchildren from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region. Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-five children (49% girls, M=9.5 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured to establish body mass index, and height-for-age z-scores. Physical fitness was assessed using tests from the Eurofit Physical Fitness test battery (flexibility, upper/lower body muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness). Between- group differences and cross-sectional associations were examined with univariate (Chi2-tests, analyses of variance) and multivariate methods (mixed linear/logistic regression). Results: Most children had normal weight (76.7%), while 4.5% were underweight and 18.7% were overweight/obese. Underweight children and children with stunted growth (11.5%) had lower average upper body strength (p<0.001). Overweight/obese children had lower scores in weight-bearing activities (p<0.001). Children with higher socio-economic status were more likely to be overweight and obese (p<0.001). In the multivariate analyses, sex, age, body mass index, and stunting were associated with children’s physical fitness. Conclusion: Fitness assessments seem to be a relevant measure of the current health status of children in disadvantaged settings. Compared to international norms, the children in this study had relatively low scores for both upper- and lower body muscular strength. Therefore, effective school-based intervention programmes should be developed to improve children’s physical fitness in disadvantaged schools.

Abstract 075: Differences In Body Composition At Baseline And In Response To Exercise Training By Metabolic Health And Weight Status

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
James S Skinner ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Mark A Sarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background: Body composition is known to differ across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Regular exercise improves body composition, yet little is known about differences in exercise response across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Methods: Normal weight (n=376) and overweight/obese (OWOB) adults (n=456) from the HERITAGE Family Study (56% female, 38% Black) completed a 20-week endurance training program. Four groups based on baseline BMI and metabolic risk were created: metabolically healthy normal weight, MHNW; metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUNW; metabolically healthy OWOB, MHO; and metabolically unhealthy OWOB, MUO. Unhealthy was defined as having ≥2 metabolic syndrome components. General linear models tested for differences in baseline and change in measures of body composition (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM], % body fat [%BF], visceral fat) after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity (and baseline value in change models). Results: Table 1 shows adjusted mean baseline and change in body composition values by group. Baseline body composition tended to track with weight status, with NW adults having lower FM, %BF, and visceral fat compared to obese adults (p<0.05), regardless of metabolic health. However, the MHO group had lower baseline values of these traits compared to MUO (p<0.05). Body composition measures significantly improved with exercise training in all groups, however, the magnitude of change differed between groups. For example, both NW groups had larger decreases in %BF compared to the obese groups, with MUNW showing the largest decrease. Conversely, MHNW showed the largest decrease in visceral fat, which was greater than both obese groups, but change in visceral fat was similar between MHO and MUNW. Conclusions: Normal weight adults tended to have better body composition profiles at baseline and larger improvements with exercise compared to obese adults, regardless of metabolic health. Within weight groups, body composition improved regardless of metabolic health status.

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