Differential contribution of two Ppd-1 homoeoalleles to early-flowering phenotype in Nepalese and Japanese varieties of common wheat

Abstract Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial legume extensively planted throughout the world as a high nutritive value livestock forage. Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that contributes to the production of alfalfa hay and seeds. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation in alfalfa are not well understood. Results In this study, an early-flowering alfalfa genotype 80 and a late-flowering alfalfa genotype 195 were characterized for the flowering phenotype. Our analysis revealed that the lower jasmonate (JA) content in new leaves and the downregulation of JA biosynthetic genes (i.e. lipoxygenase, the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase-like protein, and salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase) may play essential roles in the early-flowering phenotype of genotype 80. Further research indicated that genes encode pathogenesis-related proteins [e.g. leucine rich repeat (LRR) family proteins, receptor-like proteins, and toll-interleukin-like receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-LRR class proteins] and members of the signaling receptor kinase family [LRR proteins, kinases domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26) and wheat leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase10 (LRK10)-like kinases] are related to early flowering in alfalfa. Additionally, those involved in secondary metabolism (2-oxoglutarate/Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferase) and the proteasome degradation pathway [really interesting new gene (RING)/U-box superfamily proteins and F-box family proteins] are also related to early flowering in alfalfa. Conclusions Integrated phenotypical, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, pathogenesis-related genes, signaling receptor kinase family genes, secondary metabolism genes, and proteasome degradation pathway genes are responsible for the early flowering phenotype in alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies of flowering time in alfalfa and inform genetic improvement strategies for optimizing this important trait.

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The inheritance of flowering time in Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis)

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9760825 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

DF Cameron

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Multiple Alleles ◽

Locus Model ◽

Stylosanthes Humilis ◽

Townsville Stylo ◽

Maturity Groups ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

The inheritance of flowering time was studied in F1, F2 and F3 populations derived from a diallel cross among nine naturalized Australian lines of Townsville stylo (Stylosnnthes humilis) and in F1 and F2 populations from a small number of crosses between naturalized Australian lines and introductions from Mexico and Brazil. Strong dominance for lateness of flowering was observed in both the (Australian x Australian) and the (Australian x Mexican/Brazilian introductions) crosses, and some F2 and F3 progenies included small numbers of extremely early plants, flowering up to 55 days earlier than the earliest parent. The flowering time distributions of the (Australian x Australian) crosses could be explained by a three-locus model with multiple alleles at two loci. Proposed genotypes for the four maturity groups are as follows: late, LLM2M2EE; late-midseason, LLmmEE; mid-season, l2l2M2M2EE; early, l1l1M1M1EE; very early, LLM2M2ee. Only one major dominant gene for lateness of flowering could be detected from the distribution of the two (Australian x introduced line) F2 populations, but the segregation of extremely early types and the low recovery of the early-flowering phenotype suggested that other gene loci were segregating.

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Circadian clock components in Arabidopsis I. The terminal flower 1 enhances the early flowering phenotype of a mutant, Ihy cca1

Plant Biotechnology ◽

10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.311 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sumire Fujiwara ◽

Mayu Nakagawa ◽

Hiroshi Kamada ◽

George Coupland ◽

Tsuyoshi Mizoguchi

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Terminal Flower ◽

Terminal Flower 1 ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

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Early Flowering Phenotype in Transgenic Pears (Pyrus communis L.) Expressing the CiFT Gene

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.2503/jjshs1.78.410 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 410-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Narumi Matsuda ◽

Kazuo Ikeda ◽

Miho Kurosaka ◽

Tadashi Takashina ◽

Kanji Isuzugawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyrus Communis ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Pyrus Communis L ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

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Domestication-driven Gossypium profilin 1 (GhPRF1) gene transduces early flowering phenotype in tobacco by spatial alteration of apical/floral-meristem related gene expression

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-016-0798-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dhananjay K. Pandey ◽

Bhupendra Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Floral Meristem ◽

Related Gene ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

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Genome sequencing and analysis of two early-flowering cherry (Cerasus × kanzakura) varieties, ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’

10.1101/2021.09.08.459382 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kenta Shirasawa ◽

Akihiro Itai ◽

Sachiko Isobe

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Gene Clustering ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Cherry Tree ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Flowering Cherry ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

AbstractTo gain genetic insights into the early-flowering phenotype of ornamental cherry, also known as sakura, we determined the genome sequences of two early-flowering cherry (Cerasus × kanzakura) varieties, ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’. Since the two varieties are interspecific hybrids, likely derived from crosses between Cerasus campanulata (early-flowering species) and Cerasus speciosa, we employed the haplotype-resolved sequence assembly strategy. Genome sequence reads obtained from each variety by single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) were split into two subsets, based on the genome sequence information of the two probable ancestors, and assembled to obtain haplotype-phased genome sequences. The resultant genome assembly of ‘Kawazu-zakura’ spanned 519.8 Mb with 1,544 contigs and an N50 value of 1,220.5 kb, while that of ‘Atami-zakura’ totaled 509.6 Mb with 2,180 contigs and an N50 value of 709.1 kb. A total of 72,702 and 72,528 potential protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome assemblies of ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’, respectively. Gene clustering analysis identified 2,634 clusters uniquely presented in the C. campanulata haplotype sequences, which might contribute to its early-flowering phenotype. Genome sequences determined in this study provide fundamental information for elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the early-flowering phenotype of ornamental cherry tree varieties and their relatives.

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A trans-acting long non-coding RNA represses flowering in Arabidopsis

10.1101/2021.11.15.468639 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Jin ◽

Maxim Ivanov ◽

Anna Nelson Dittrich ◽

Andrew Nelson ◽

Sebastian Marquardt

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Allelic Series ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

Eukaryotic genomes give rise to thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), yet the purpose of lncRNAs remains largely enigmatic. Functional characterization of lncRNAs is challenging due to multiple orthogonal hypothesis for molecular activities of lncRNA loci. Here, we identified a flowering associated intergenic lncRNA (FLAIL) that represses flowering in Arabidopsis. An allelic series of flail loss-of-function mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and T-DNA mutagenesis showed an early flowering phenotype. Gene expression analyses in flail mutants revealed differentially expressed genes linked to the regulation of flowering. A genomic rescue fragment of FLAIL introduced in flail mutants complemented gene expression defects and early flowering, consistent with trans-acting effects of the FLAIL RNA. Knock-down of FLAIL RNA levels using the artificial microRNA approach revealed an early flowering phenotype shared with genomic mutations, indicating a trans-acting role of FLAIL RNA in the repression of flowering time. Genome-wide detection of FLAIL-DNA interactions by ChIRP-seq suggested that FLAIL may directly bind genomic regions. FLAIL bound to genes involved in regulation of flowering that were differentially expressed in flail, consistent with the interpretation of FLAIL as a trans-acting lncRNA directly shaping gene expression. Our findings highlight FLAIL as a trans-acting lncRNA that affects flowering in Arabidopsis, likely through mediating transcriptional regulation of genes directly bound by FLAIL.

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ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03305-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weilin Gao ◽

Liman Zhang ◽

Jiurui Wang ◽

Zhiguo Liu ◽

Yao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Plant Species ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Mobility Shift ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

Abstract Background SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), which is conserved across various plant species, plays essential and various roles in flower and fruit development. However, the regulatory network of the role of SEP3 in flowering time at the molecular level remained unclear. Results Here, we investigated that SEP3 in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ZjSEP3) was expressed in four floral organs and exhibited strong transcriptional activation activity. ZjSEP3 transgenic Arabidopsis showed an early-flowering phenotype and altered the expression of some genes related to flowering. Among them, the expression of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (AtLHY), the key gene of circadian rhythms, was significantly suppressed. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) further verified that ZjSEP3 inhibited the transcription of AtLHY by binding to the CArG-boxes in its promoter. Moreover, ZjSEP3 also could bind to the ZjLHY promoter and the conserved binding regions of ZjSEP3 were found in the LHY promoter of various plant species. The ectopic regulatory pathway of ZjSEP3-AtLHY was further supported by the ability of 35S::AtLHY to rescue the early-flowering phenotype in ZjSEP3 transgenic plants. In ZjSEP3 transgenic plants, total chlorophyll content and the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis increased during vegetative stages, which should contribute to its early flowering and relate to the regulatory of AtLHY. Conclusion Overall, ZjSEP3-AtLHY pathway represents a novel regulatory mechanism that is involved in the regulation of flowering time.

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