Structural Classification of Plant Chitinases: Two Subclasses in Class I and Class II Chitinase

The making of removable denture is performed by a dental laboratory. To facilitate the identification, according to Kennedy classification, classes are divided onto groups, the Kennedy class I, II, III and IV. To suit with the needs of the dental laboratory tasks commonly done, priority are necessary for common cases and should to be taught to students of Dental Health Technology Diploma. In Surabaya, research of various cases of removable partial denture with the various Kennedy classifications has never been done before. This study was to analyze the pattern of service for the removable partial denture manufacture in dental laboratory at Surabaya (2011 – 2013). The research is an observatory analytic. The population is all dental laboratories located around the campus of the Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University Surabaya. The sample was the whole population is willing to become respondents. Sampling by total sampling. The method of collecting data using secondary data from a dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2011 until 2013. The note is cases removable denture according to the classification of Kennedy that Kennedy Class I, II, III and IV. Also of note kinds of materials used to make the denture base that is heat cured acrylic resins, thermoplastic resins and metals coherent. The data is a compilation table charting the frequency until needed, then analyzed using cross tabulation. Mostly denture type is flexible type and the least is metal framework. Most cases by classification Kennedy is followed by class II class III and class II and more recently is the fourth. In conclusion, in 2011 and 2013 the manufacture of removable partial dentures according to the classification of Kennedy Class III is the most common in both the upper arch and lower jaw, followed by Class II, Class I and Class IV. In 2012 which is the highest grade III followed by class II, class IV and class I. The denture type most used is a flexible denture, followed acrylic denture and the last is the metal framework.

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On Classification of PDZ Domains: A Computational Study

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/419485 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Wasim Aftab ◽

Adnan Memic ◽

Dumitru Baleanu

Keyword(s):

Recognition Accuracy ◽

Computational Study ◽

Search Space ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Computational Technique ◽

Pdz Domains ◽

Protein Homology

Our goal in this present study is to introduce new wavelet based methods for differentiating and classifying Class I and Class II PDZ domains and compare the resulting signals. PDZ domains represent one of the most common protein homology regions playing key roles in several diseases. To perform the classification, we developed two methods. The first of our methods was comparable to the standard wavelet approaches while the second one surpasses it in recognition accuracy. Our models exhibited interesting results, and we anticipate that it can be used as a computational technique to screen out the misfit candidates and to reduce the search space, while achieving high classification and accuracy.

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The Late Bronze Age Razors of the British Isles

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00019848 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 121-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. M. Piggott

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Late Bronze Age ◽

British Isles

Although a large number of bronze ‘razors’ have been found in these islands, the literature concerning them is very scattered, and there has been no attempt to synthesize the information concerning them. There are frequent references to the so-called ‘plantain’ (our Class I) form or to the ‘maple-leaf’ (Class II) examples with their suggested connection with Siculan razors, but there has been no detailed analysis of their chronological and cultural positions in the British Late Bronze Age. This paper attempts such a classification of the razors on a typological and cultural basis so that they can be fitted with greater accuracy intq their place in Late Bronze chronology.

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Validity of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Complexity in Assessing Complexity of Treatment among the Malocclusion Groups

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 1003-1007

Author(s):

Sriman Vishnu ◽

Saravanakumar Subranmanian ◽

Prema Anbarasu ◽

Nagappan Nagappan ◽

Annamalai P.R. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Predictor Variable ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Division 1 ◽

Treatment Complexity

BACKGROUND To provide efficient and well-planned orthodontic treatment orthodontists must be able to assess the type of malocclusion and the complexity involved in its treatment. Hence, the purpose of this study was to validate index of orthodontic treatment complexity (IOTC) as a reliable index to assess the treatment complexity in treating different malocclusion groups. METHODS A retrospective study with sample of 120 pairs of orthodontic study model consisting of treated and untreated cases, were collected and equally divided into class I, class II including both division 1 and division 2 and class III malocclusions based on Angles system of classification of malocclusion. Study casts were scored according to criteria given by the index of orthodontic treatment complexity and the degree of complexity is established for each of the malocclusion groups and the occlusal traits. RESULTS The Spearman correlation coefficients test shows that occlusal traits like overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite, alone significantly correlated with degree of complexity. Multiple regression analysis and one way ANOVA tests were performed for the three types of malocclusion and the test showed that in individual classes of malocclusion, the predictor variable (occlusal traits) significantly predicts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. CONCLUSIONS Overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite correlated with degree of complexity. IOTC forecasts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. KEY WORDS IOTC, Malocclusion, Occlusal Traits

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Morphology classification of circulating tumor cells could be a predictor of recurrent disease in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgery.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15530-e15530

Author(s):

Yun Wu ◽

Yuxu Niu ◽

Fanzhen Lv ◽

Wen Gao ◽

Xiaoyong Shen

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Recurrent Disease ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class V ◽

Lung Cancer Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Class Iv

e15530 Background: CTCs have been widely used in monitoring the efficacy and prognosis of lung cancer. However, CTCs number count alone cannot accurately predict the recurrent disease in patients. In this study, we investigate whether the morphology classification of CTCs could be as a prognostic marker for increased risk of recurrence after surgery. Methods: In this study, 105 lung cancer patients (median age 68y) who underwent surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study. Samples were obtained before, after, and serially up to 24 months after surgery. CTCs were collected and morphology classified by utilizing a CTC test workflow which uses negative enrichment and immunofluorescence methods to capture and identify CTCs from blood sample. Captured CTCs (epithelial type) were screened with a customized imaging analysis pipeline, a cytological profile of each CTC was created, including cell size, shape, fluorescent intensity and texture etc. Results: The CTC detection rate was 78.1% (78 of 105) prior to surgery, and a total of 726 CTCs were enumerated. Median CTC count number was 3. 5 classes of CTCs with distinct morphological features were observed in lung cancer patients’ CTC tests, briefly, CTC class I and class II possessed large nuclei but relatively lower epithelial expression level, CTC class III, IV, V possessed small nuclei but relatively higher epithelial expression level, CTC class III possessed irregular shaped nuclei, CTC class V possessed relatively lower nuclei/cytoplasm ratio. Class III accounted for the highest proportion of captured CTCs III, about 35.5% with Class I 14.8%, Class II 15.3%,Class IV 17.8% and Class 5 16.6%. Postoperative recurrence and metastasis were observed in 16 patients. CTCs positive were found in 14 patients (87.5%). 145 CTCs were collected, Median CTC count number was 3,Cluster III accounted for 47.3%, with Class I 11.8%,Class II 13.3%,Class IV 14.5% and Class V 11.8%; Patients with Cluster 3 dominant were associated with increased risk of local recurrence ( p < 0.05) and distant metastasis ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Small and irregular nuclei CTC is significant associated with increased risk of recurrence disease. Morphology Classification of circulating tumor cells is feasible in monitoring the recurrence of disease and may potentially identify the patients who may benefit from further therapy.

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Pattern of Malocclusion among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Hospitals and Private Clinics of Province 2, Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Kaushal K Singh ◽

Binita Singh ◽

Rajiv Yadav

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Class Iii ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Malocclusion affect the esthetic, function of the patients, so they seek orthodontic treatment for normal function and healthy and beautiful smile. Increase in public awareness and availability of orthodontic specialty services have led to increasing number of orthodontic patients in specialty clinics and hospitals. The objective of this study is to examine the pattern of malocclusion in the patients visiting medical and dental teaching hospitals and dental clinics and to measure the different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes. Materials and Method: Three hundred seventeen acceptable study casts were selected from 403 case records of orthodontic patients who visited the different hospitals and private clinics of Province 2, Nepal. A standard guidance of Angle’s classification was used to classify the cases and casts were measured to record the data. Different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes was studied. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and SD) and inferential statistics (chi square and fisher exact test) was used to find out the association between occlusal traits and demographic variables. Result: According to the Angle’s classification of malocclusion, most of the patient’s cast 65.9% were of class I, followed by class II 31.8%, class III 5.3% occlusion pattern. Among the class II malocclusion, class II division 1 malocclusion was more prevalent (86.13%). Under space discrepancies, crowding of teeth was present in 42.58% of patient. Of the total teeth crowding patient, 70.3% had crowding of teeth in both the arches followed by only mandibular arch (25.18%). There is statistically significant association between the age and the occlusal traits like crowding (p value 0.008), spacing (p value 0.000) and overjet (p value 0.000) at 0.01 level of significance. Conclusion: Angle’s class I was the most prevalent malocclusion followed by class II and class III. Increased overjet was the commonest occlusal trait. There was statistically significant association between the age and occlusal traits like crowding, spacing and overjet.

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Higher-level classification of the Archaea: evolution of methanogenesis and methanogens

Archaea ◽

10.1155/2005/859728 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 353-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Éric Bapteste ◽

Céline Brochier ◽

Yan Boucher

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Methanogenic Archaea ◽

Class Ii ◽

Evolutionary Change ◽

Class I ◽

Metabolic Flexibility ◽

Ancestral Form ◽

Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis

We used a phylogenetic approach to analyze the evolution of methanogenesis and methanogens. We show that 23 vertically transmitted ribosomal proteins do not support the monophyly of methanogens, and propose instead that there are two distantly related groups of extant archaea that produce methane, which we have named Class I and Class II. Based on this finding, we subsequently investigated the uniqueness of the origin of methanogenesis by studying both the enzymes of methanogenesis and the proteins that synthesize its specific coenzymes. We conclude that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis appeared only once during evolution. Genes involved in the seven central steps of the methanogenic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) are ubiquitous in methanogens and share a common history. This suggests that, although extant methanogens produce methane from various substrates (CO2, formate, acetate, methylated C-1 compounds), these archaea have a core of conserved enzymes that have undergone little evolutionary change. Furthermore, this core of methanogenesis enzymes seems to originate (as a whole) from the last ancestor of all methanogens and does not appear to have been horizontally transmitted to other organisms or between members of Class I and Class II. The observation of a unique and ancestral form of methanogenesis suggests that it was preserved in two independent lineages, with some instances of specialization or added metabolic flexibility. It was likely lost in the Halobacteriales, Thermoplasmatales and Archaeoglobales. Given that fossil evidence for methanogenesis dates back 2.8 billion years, a unique origin of this process makes the methanogenic archaea a very ancient taxon.

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Interpreting subdivision in a malocclusion Angle’s classification system among orthodontics

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol24no3.26836 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Masrina Mohammad Yasim ◽

Ida Ayu Evangelina ◽

Iwa Rahmat Sunaryo

Keyword(s):

Classification System ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Survey Method ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

West Java

Introduction: Angle’s method still seems to be the most popular tool for classification of malocclusion. Confusion arises in the community of Orthodontic regarding the classification and interpretation of subdivision malocclusion in Angle’s classification system. The purpose of this study was to survey orthodontists in West Java to determine their consistency in classifying subdivision malocclusion and their viewpoints on the meaning of subdivision. Methods: The type of research was descriptive with survey method by using questionnaire. The study uses total sampling technique with some inclusion criteria. Data obtained were analyzed and presented in table form. Results: Of the 80 respondents, 71.3% is consistent, 22.5% is doubtful and 6.6% is inconsistent in classifying subdivision malocclusion. 37 respondents (46.25%) believe that subdivision refers to the Class II side, 20 respondents (25%) believe it refers to the Class I side 4 respondents (5%) says subdivision refers to neither Class I nor Class II side and 19 respondents (23.75%) says that subdivision referred to both side. Conclusion: Most of orthodontists are consistent in classifying subdivision malocclusion, majority of the responded orthodontists stated that subdivision refers to the abnormal side of the arches and most of the responded orthodontist use Proffit and Common usage as their source of reference.

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Facial height proportion based on Angle’s malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i2.p96-101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Aulia Rohadatul Aisy ◽

Avi Laviana ◽

Gita Gayatri

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Facial Aesthetics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Facial Height

Background: Facial aesthetics are closely related to the harmonious proportions of the facial components. One of the components is facial height. The reference of facial height proportion of certain racial groups needs to be known by orthodontists and surgeons to create treatment outcomes that can be specifically designed for these particular demographics. One of the factors that can affect facial height proportion is malocclusion. Purpose: This study aimed to determine facial height proportion based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional method, which was conducted on 116 Deutero-Malayid subjects. The subjects’ malocclusion was first examined using Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Upper and lower facial height were then measured to determine the proportion of these dimensions. The results were then grouped based on each malocclusion class. Results: It was found that the upper and lower facial height proportions in the class I malocclusion group were 46.74% and 53.26% in males and 47.52% and 52.48% in females, respectively. The upper and lower facial height proportions in the class II malocclusion group were 48.46% and 51.54% in females. Upper and lower facial height proportions in the class III malocclusion group were 45.31% and 54.69% in males and 46.29% and 53.71% in females, respectively. Conclusion: The largest proportion of upper facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class II malocclusion group, followed by class I and class III. The largest proportion of lower facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class III malocclusion group, followed by class I and class II.

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