scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CONSUMPTION, INVESTMENT AND EXPORT ON IMPORT - DATA FROM GERMAN ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
L. Dospatliev
Keyword(s):  
German Economy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals International spillover effects of U.S. tax reforms: evidence from Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée I Christofzik ◽  
Steffen Elstner
Keyword(s):  
German Economy ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Shocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Vector

Abstract This paper explores the international transmission of U.S. tax shocks. Using structural vector autoregressions, we study the impact on the German economy and on German tax legislation. Our results suggest that, after a U.S. tax cut, German GDP increases only moderately. Positive effects via the income channel outweigh negative effects stemming from price developments. Significant changes in the transmission channels arise by distinguishing between the types of the U.S. tax shock. German tax policy either reacts with diametric measures, or remains passive when considering the whole sample period. For a sample starting in 1980, we find that, in particular, after U.S. corporate income tax cuts, tax reductions are also implemented in Germany.

scholarly journals The impact of broadband on jobs and the German economy

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul L. Katz ◽  
Stephan Vaterlaus ◽  
Patrick Zenhäusern ◽  
Stephan Suter
Keyword(s):  
German Economy ◽  
The Impact

Economic Restructuring and the Role of Foreign Workers in the 1980s: The Case of Germany

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
P N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Foreign Work ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of literature suggests that the new forms of economic activity associated with post-Fordist restructuring offer limited opportunities for the types of unskilled and semiskilled jobs associated with the employment of foreign workers in Western Europe. In this paper this proposition is tested by examining the impact of economic restructuring on West Germany's foreign work force in the 1980s. With data for the socially insured section of the employed population it is demonstrated that male foreign workers in particular have been differentially and adversely affected across the entire range of manufacturing and construction industries, with a gradual replacement of foreign by indigenous workers. Contraction of employment in these crucial sectors was only partially compensated by a limited expansion of employment for mainly female foreign workers in selected service activities. The analysis also indicates that this general retreat of foreign labour has been mediated by regional differences in overall economic performance, expressed in a widening north-south divide and a growing focus on core areas of foreign population. It is concluded that the German economy in the post-Fordist phase has witnessed a further marginalisation of its foreign work force, long seen as a ‘structural necessity’.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Buzzword, Hype or a Radical Change?

E-conom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
László Koloszár ◽  
Nikoletta Németh
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
System Level ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The usage of the terms the ’Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and its predominantly used synonym ‘Industry 4.0’ has curved upwards at a higher rate than the number of underlying interconnected production units. The concept of Industry 4.0 originates from a project on the high-tech strategy of the German government in 2011. This project promoted the computerization of manufacturing and it was a logical suggestion for the long-term competitiveness of the German economy. The fundamentals of an export-oriented economy need system-level development not to be disadvantaged in the global competition. Building all this on the most modern technologies can be defined as a traditional step. The umbrella term ’Industry 4.0’ has outgrown this step and in 2016 it became an independent agenda item of the World Economic Forum. In this study, with the help of a literature review, we examine which factors of this so-called fourth industrial revolution are similar and which factors are different compared to the previous industrial revolutions. Can the characteristics of industrial revolutions be identified? Is the impact complex and does it influence not only the technology but also the society, the politics, etc.? Whether the use of the term is substantiated or is it only an advanced, fashionable buzzer hanging all today’s forward-looking innovations on the same peg?

scholarly journals The effect of business cycle expectations on the German apprenticeship market: estimating the impact of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Muehlemann ◽  
Harald Pfeifer ◽  
Bernhard H. Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Skilled Worker ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Matching Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Share

Abstract A firm’s expectation about the future business cycle is an important determinant of the decision to train apprentices, especially as German firms typically offer apprenticeships to either fill future skilled worker positions, or as a substitute for other types of labor. The current coronavirus crisis will have a strong and negative impact on the German economy, according to the current business cycle expectations of German firms. To the extent that the training decisions of firms depend on these perceptions, we expect a downward shift in firm demand for apprentices and consequently also a decrease in the equilibrium number of apprenticeship contracts. To assess the impact of changes in business cycle expectations, we analyze German data on the apprenticeship market at the state-level and at the occupation-level within states from 2007 to 2019. We apply first-differences regressions to account for unobserved heterogeneity across states and occupations, allowing us to identify the association between changes in two popular measures of business cycle expectations (the ifo Business Climate Index and the ifo Employment Barometer) and subsequent changes in the demand for apprentices, the number of new apprenticeship contracts, unfilled vacancies and unsuccessful applicants. We find that the German apprenticeship market prior to the current crisis can be characterized by excess demand for apprentices (although there are matching problems in some states, with both a high share of unfilled vacancies and a high share of unsuccessful applicants). Taking into account the most recent data on business cycle expectations up to June 2020, we estimate that the coronavirus-related decrease in firms’ expectations about the business cycle can be associated with a predicted 8% decrease in firm demand for apprentices and a 6% decrease in the number of new apprenticeship positions in Germany compared to 2019 (− 30,000 apprenticeship contracts; 95% confidence interval: ± 8000).

Die Auswirkungen der Geldmenge und des Kreditvolumens auf die Immobilienpreise – Ein ARDL-Ansatz für Deutschland / Money, Credit and House Prices – An ARDL-Approach for Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Belke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Breaks ◽  
House Prices ◽  
German Economy ◽  
House Price ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Price Data ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe current financial crisis is often said to be caused by excessive liquidity and distorted incentives in the US subprime real estate sector. Taking this as a starting point, this paper analyzes the relation between house prices and credit respectively money growth between 1992 and 2006 (West German price data) and from 1997 to 2006 (East German price data). We focus on the German economy which - due to the creation of excess capacities in the wake of reunification - did not experience a house price bubble in contrast to other euro area economies such as Ireland and Spain. Applying an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach we test for cointegration among the relevant variables. After estimating the long-run coefficients, we derive the optimal specification of the corresponding error-correction models and estimate them. Our results suggest that both monetary and credit policy are responsible for house price development especially in Western Germany. We also check exhaustively for well-behaved estimated residuals and conduct some tests for structural breaks and robustness checks. For instance, we show that tax policies - specific depreciation possibilities in the new federal states - also have a significant impact on house prices but without dominating the impact of credit and money growth. Our results are also robust to the application of a more traditional cointegration testing procedure in the spirit of Johansen and Juselius.

Implementing a Dual Income Tax in Germany – Effects on Labor Supply and Income Distribution

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Wagenhals ◽  
Jürgen Buck
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Models ◽  
Dual Income Tax ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dual Income ◽  
Microeconometric Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

SummaryExisting quantitative studies on the impact of a dual income tax on the German economy usually are based on computable general equilibrium models. They assume one representative household. Their results are sensitive to one behavioral parameter, the labor supply elasticity, which is assumed to be given exogenously. This paper presents a microeconometric evaluation of the labor supply and distribution effects of a dual income tax in Germany based on a representative sample of the German population.We observe small positive effects on labor supply and a small increase in economic inequality.

The Impact of Risk Sharing for the German Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Putri Swastika ◽  
Abbas Mirakhor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
German Economy ◽  
The Impact

Centre-Periphery Relations in Europe: Demographic Aspect

2015 ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Klupt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Population

The paper deals with the impact of centre-periphery relations on the demographic change in Europe in the 21st century. The reasons why the projections presented by Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute in 1999 underestimated the future population growth in France, Italy, Spain and UK are analyzed. Current statistics and UN population projections (2012 revision) demonstrate that the idea of the total depopulation coming in Europe, commonly held there over the 20th century, is out of date. In fact, depopulation is far from being total; it is common only in peripheral countries of Europe, not in semi-peripheral and central ones (Germany is an exception). This conclusion is corroborated by the close positive correlation (r=0.754) between per capita GNI and the rate of population increase in 34 European countries between 2000 and 2012. The alarmist perspective of ageing is criticized. It is argued that ageing is often unreasonably blamed for negative effects which, in fact, are caused by other faults of socioeconomic system. So, the recent number of unemployed in Spain (5.7 millions) is four times more than the expected decrease in the number of people aged 20 to 64 between 2010 and 2030 (1.4 millions). The prospective institutional and structural consequences of the post-crisis shifting of immigration flows from Spain to Germany are considered. Given this shifting, the further expansion of the peripheral and semi-peripheral enclaves in German economy seems to be verisimilar. Nevertheless, the centripetal migration maintains, like before, the centre-peripheral differences in Europe. The centre concentrates knowledge-intensive services and attracts the most qualified migrants; semi-periphery receives the less qualified ones; the periphery is the source of labour force for both the centre and the semi-periphery.

scholarly journals Die Deregulierung von Berufszugangsbeschränkungen und die Corona-Krise

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Alexander Rasch ◽  
Christian Waibel
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Newly Hired ◽  
Number Of Firms

AbstractThe corona virus crisis and its negative impact on the German economy call for countermeasures. This article discusses the impact of one measure: the deregulation of restrictions on access to certain professions that operate in markets with informational asymmetries. Firms’ persistence in such markets is crucial for both employees and customers. Previous analysis of provisions that reduced restrictions on access to professional craftsmen’s markets in 2004 has shown that the deregulation led to a decrease of firms’ persistence. Moreover, while the measures led to an increase in the total number of firms and an increase in employment in craftsmen’s markets, the fact that most of the newly hired employees worked part time dampened the effect on the total number of working hours. On the customers’ side, the deregulation led to lower prices, but also, potentially, to lower quality. Furthermore, the lower persistence is problematic given the information asymmetry.

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