scholarly journals The dynamics of the spread of pine sawfly in the forests of the Bryansk region

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Кистерный ◽  
Grigoriy Kisternyy ◽  
Шепель ◽  
Igor Shepel
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Fodder Trees ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

On the basis of forest pathology survey of pine plantations of the Bryansk region for the period of 2011-2014, the nature of the centers of the European pine sawfly is studied and the reasons for their change are established. Works are made in the definition of the number of larvae per one tree in the growth phase of the outbreak, cocoons, male adults, and the sanitary conditions of pine forests on 5 plots in pest outbreaks are evaluated. The area of distribution of foci ranged from 896.6 to 8176.8 ha depending on the year of survey and prevailed in maturing pine plantations. There was a wide range of defoliation of trees - from mild to complete. Average condition category of plots in pine plantations, partially restored after damage was 1.84-2.42. The average number of sawfly larvae per tree has reached an average of 308 pieces. Previously unknown method for selecting the place of their cocoon - a thicker crust of fodder trees is discovered. Relatively low density of sawfly cocoons in the forest litter - 1-17 pcs/m2 is set. At the regional level for the first time, to assess the intensity of the flight of the European pine sawfly and prognosis of foci used pheromone traps were used. The number of males caught in traps varied over wide limits. Mixed results when comparing the two observation periods in 2013 and 2014 are got and the dependence of flight on the weather conditions at that time is shown. Broad ecological plasticity of this species in its ability to form foci in various conditions is confirmed.

Monitoring European pine sawfly population densities with pheromone traps in young pine plantations

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa ◽  
Olle Anderbrant ◽  
Jan Löfqvist ◽  
Erik Hedenström ◽  
Hans-Erik Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

A NEW PROCEDURE FOR RAPIDLY ESTIMATING EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) POPULATION LEVELS IN YOUNG PINE PLANTATIONS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson ◽  
Douglas J. Gerrard
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Simple Criterion ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Image Position

AbstractA method is proposed for rapidly estimating the population levels of European pine sawfly in young red and Scotch pine plantations. On the hypothesis that the numbers of larval colonies per tree are distributed within a stand according to a negative binomial series, it is shown that an estimate Y of the mean sawfly count per tree in any relevant pine stand may be predicted from knowledge of the proportion p of trees infested, by means of the equationin which k is an estimate of a distribution parameter. The estimate k is derived beforehand, by Maximum Likelihood from a series of insect populations representative of those in which predictions are contemplated.Approximate 95% confidence limits for estimated densities are computed from a variance estimator reflecting two sources of error. The plotted confidence bands pertaining to samples of various size furnish a simple criterion for judging directly from the proportion of infested trees whether or not suppression measures are needed in a plantation.

Contribution of feeding by European pine sawfly larvae to litter production and element flux in Scots pine plantations

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fogal ◽  
F. Slansky Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Element Input ◽  
Tree Component ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

The contribution of larvae of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprionsertifer (Geoff.), to litter fall and element input was determined in two contiguous 25-year-old plantations of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) near Glencairn, Ont., in 1972. Tree spacings were 1.2 × 1.2 and 1.8 × 1.8 m. Tree diameters, numbers of needle-bearing branches per tree, and the number of larval colonies per tree were greater in the less dense plantation. On the other hand, there was no difference between plantations with respect to tree height, number of needles per branch, number of larvae per colony, or percent defoliation. For the denser and less dense plantations, frass was the largest insect-derived component of litter fall at 804 and 1255 kg ha−1, respectively; needles constituted the major tree component of litter fall at 1107 and 929 kg ha−1, respectively, and the total combined contribution of tree and insect material to litter fall was 2395 and 2744 kg ha−1, respectively. Average element input (kilograms per hectare) to the soil via frass for the two plantations was greatest for nitrogen (6.9), followed by potassium (5.0), calcium (4.1), phosphorus (0.8), and magnesium (0.6).

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ РОЗВИТКУ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ МІКРОАПАРАТІВ МУЛЬТИКОПТЕРНОГО ТИПУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
О. Г. Гребеніков
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Definition Of

The development of unmanned aerial vehicles is of great interest to both the largest aircraft companies and design enthusiasts, and among the total volume of developments, the volume of multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles occupies one of the leading positions. In this regard, the analysis of existing developments and the definition of future research in this direction is relevant. Multi-helicopter drones have a wide range of functions in both military and civilian use.The paper collects and analyzes statistical data of micro-unmanned aerial vehicles of the multicopter type to determine the achievements in the field of design of micro-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The current classification of UAVs is considered; as a result of the analysis of statistical data its expansion is offered. The take-off and mass characteristics of the micro UAV are described. The tables showing the existing UAVs are given. In addition, the flight characteristics, aerodynamic schemes and type of engine that are most rationally suited for micro-unmanned aerial vehicles according to their purpose and class are determined.Based on the obtained data, a prototype model of a micro-UAV with improved characteristics was built. The model successfully completed all tasks. This indicates that the new UAV "Fear-1" is a successful project and it has the ability to remotely control by phone or any other equipment designed for this purpose. In addition, the designed device can additionally hang in the specified coordinates."Fear-1" confidently performs tasks in automatic mode, as well as independently decides to return to the starting point of takeoff, if: there is a loss of communication, the battery level has reached a certain level, the UAV has completed its task or used more miles -amperes than specified by the output parameters. The drone has the ability to fly in "Follow me" mode on the selected GPS transmitter. The quadcopter was tested in difficult weather conditions, when the wind force reached 8 points (about 22 m / s). Noise immunity tests were also performed in the industrial frequency range (from 2.4 GHz to 5.8 GHz).

Parasitism of the European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in Southwestern Ontario

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Finlayson ◽  
Thelma Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Small Vial

Cocoons of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) were collected in southwestern Ontario in 1941, 1943, 1946, 1947, and 1949 for experimental investigations at the Belleville laboratory. A total of 8,326 cocoons were collected, mainly within about eight miles northeast and east of Sarnia, Ont., but a few were collected at Strathroy and Brigden, Ont. Each cocoon was incubated separately in a small vial so that each parasite could be associated with the host cocoon from which it emerged. Sawflies emerged from 68 per cent of the cocoons and parasices from 12 per cent; dissection of the remaining cocoons showed 16 per cent contained dead sawfly larvae and pupae, and four per cent dead parasite larvae.

Estimation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in field populations of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1857-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Appreciable Reduction

The quantity of virus measured as the number of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) produced and liberated at death from two diseased European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.)) populations was studied over a 3-year period in Britain. As high as 2.3 × 1015 PIBs/ha were produced as a resut of a natural epizootic in one of the populations. Subsequent years saw an appreciable reduction in the quantity of the virus produced, a direct result of the reduction in the number of sawfly larvae infesting each plot. Polyhedra persisting over winter in the host's environment were found to alter the nature of subsequent epizootics by causing virus infection to occur at an earlier stage of larval development than previously observed. This increased the percentage contribution of PIBs from the death of early instar larvae to the total amount of virus produced.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Music after the Fall

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rutherford-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

By the start of the 21st century many of the foundations of postwar culture had disappeared: Europe had been rebuilt and, as the EU, had become one of the world’s largest economies; the United States’ claim to global dominance was threatened; and the postwar social democratic consensus was being replaced by market-led neoliberalism. Most importantly of all, the Cold War was over, and the World Wide Web had been born. Music After The Fall considers contemporary musical composition against this changed backdrop, placing it in the context of globalization, digitization, and new media. Drawing on theories from the other arts, in particular art and architecture, it expands the definition of Western art music to include forms of composition, experimental music, sound art, and crossover work from across the spectrum, inside and beyond the concert hall. Each chapter considers a wide range of composers, performers, works, and institutions are considered critically to build up a broad and rich picture of the new music ecosystem, from North American string quartets to Lebanese improvisers, from South American electroacoustic studios to pianos in the Australian outback. A new approach to the study of contemporary music is developed that relies less on taxonomies of style and technique, and more on the comparison of different responses to common themes, among them permission, fluidity, excess, and loss.

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

scholarly journals Size-adjusted aortic valve area: refining the definition of severe aortic stenosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Vulesevic ◽  
Naozumi Kubota ◽  
Ian G Burwash ◽  
Claire Cimadevilla ◽  
Sarah Tubiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Aortic Valve Area ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Derivation Cohort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value ◽  
Valve Area

Abstract Aims Severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) is defined by an aortic valve area (AVA) <1 cm2 or an AVA indexed to body surface area (BSA) <0.6 cm/m2, despite little evidence supporting the latter approach and important intrinsic limitations of BSA indexation. We hypothesized that AVA indexed to height (H) might be more applicable to a wide range of populations and body morphologies and might provide a better predictive accuracy. Methods and results In 1298 patients with degenerative AS and preserved ejection fraction from three different countries and continents (derivation cohort), we aimed to establish an AVA/H threshold that would be equivalent to 1.0 cm2 for defining severe AS. In a distinct prospective validation cohort of 395 patients, we compared the predictive accuracy of AVA/BSA and AVA/H. Correlations between AVA and AVA/BSA or AVA/H were excellent (all R2 > 0.79) but greater with AVA/H. Regressions lines were markedly different in obese and non-obese patients with AVA/BSA (P < 0.0001) but almost identical with AVA/H (P = 0.16). AVA/BSA values that corresponded to an AVA of 1.0 cm2 were markedly different in obese and non-obese patients (0.48 and 0.59 cm2/m2) but not with AVA/H (0.61 cm2/m for both). Agreement for the diagnosis of severe AS (AVA < 1 cm2) was significantly higher with AVA/H than with AVA/BSA (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed across the three countries. An AVA/H cut-off value of 0.6 cm2/m [HR = 8.2(5.6–12.1)] provided the best predictive value for the occurrence of AS-related events [absolute AVA of 1 cm2: HR = 7.3(5.0–10.7); AVA/BSA of 0.6 cm2/m2 HR = 6.7(4.4–10.0)]. Conclusion In a large multinational/multiracial cohort, AVA/H was better correlated with AVA than AVA/BSA and a cut-off value of 0.6 cm2/m provided a better diagnostic and prognostic value than 0.6 cm2/m2. Our results suggest that severe AS should be defined as an AVA < 1 cm2 or an AVA/H < 0.6 cm2/m rather than a BSA-indexed value of 0.6 cm2/m2.

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