Building of fire fighting forest roads with criterion time delivery of forces and means for fire fighting

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Момот ◽  
Aleksandr Momot
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Criterion Time

The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of forest fires, calculation and construc-tion of buffer zones cover the area with the criterion standard delivery time of forces and means of fire fighting, as well as a visual representation of those places where further required fire road. In the first part of the article, based on data for the Novgorod region Chudovsky forestry, carto-graphy and well-known traffic engineering regulations on forest roads, as well as the standard delivery time of equipment to the fire, an analysis and calculation of the maximum distance of the existing road.

scholarly journals La gestione degli incendi boschivi in Canton Ticino: tentativo di una sintesi storica | Forest fire management in Canton Ticino: attempting a historical overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Gabriele Corti ◽  
Paolo Piccini ◽  
Daniele Ryser ◽  
Francesco Guerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legislative Measures

The Southern Alps, in particular the Canton Ticino, is the region of Switzerland that is most affected by the phenomenon of forest fires. Therefore, the cantonal authorities are continually confronted with problems of prevention, fire fighting and mitigation of the effects of forest fires. In this article forest fire management in Canton Ticino is analyzed in historical terms, verifying in particular the impact of the methods used and the improvement of technology addressing the frequency of events and the extent of burned surfaces. In this way it has been possible to show how a few structural measures (better organization of fire fighting crews and equipment, introduction of aerial fire fighting techniques, electrification followed by construction of shelters along railway lines, etc.) have rather reduced the extent of burned surfaces, while legislative measures such as restrictions of open fires help to reduce the number of forest fires.

Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Flow Patterns of Water Droplets From Fire-Fighting Helicopters

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohyu Satoh ◽  
Kohei Sagae ◽  
Kunio Kuwahara ◽  
K. T. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Water Droplets

Abstract In large forest fires over wide areas, aerial fire fighting with water drop from helicopters has been widely employed in the world. After the large earthquake fires in Japan, possibilities were raised to employ similar fire-fighting technique to city fires. However, forest and city fires were inherently different in nature and require different fire-fighting implementations. Since the city fires are concentrated in extent and isolated, thus requiring more dense water application to extinguish fires. As a result, accurate engineering data on the optimum water application relative to a given fire are critically needed to design fire-fighting strategies. This study describes the experiments carried out in open fields using real-life helicopters, in comparison with the 3-D numerical simulations. Numerical simulations can provide reasonable flow patterns of the water droplets from the helicopters, and can be used as a design tool for implementing the fire-fighting technique for real city fires.

A Numerical Study of Forest Fire Progression and Fire Suppression by Aerial Fire Fighting

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohyu Satoh ◽  
Kunio Kuwahara ◽  
K. T. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Cfd Simulations

Forest fires are of common occurrence all over the world, which cause severe damages to valuable natural resources and human lives. In the recent California Fire, which burned 300,000 hectors of land, the disaster danger could reasonably be predicted, but early control of fires by means of aerial fire fighting might have been failed in that situation. Also in Japan, there are similar problems in the aerial fire fighting. Most forest fires occur in the daytime and the fires are freely in progress without any control during the nighttime. Therefore, it is important to attack the fires when there is daylight. The water dropped by helicopters is not always sufficient to control fires, since the quantity of water that can be carried aloft is a critical issue. Large amount of water can be dropped from aircrafts, but the high-speed flight of aircrafts may be dangerous in the mountain, where tall trees and steel towers with electric wires may exist. Therefore, those aircrafts have to fly at much higher altitudes than helicopters, while the water drop at high altitudes changes water into mist in the air. The objective of this study is to examine the methods to prevent the ignition by firebrands in the downwind area by applying water through the aerial fire fighting. However, tests by real aircrafts to obtain such information would be too costly. Therefore, the patterns of water drop from aircrafts were examined in CFD simulations, together with the investigation of needed water drop rate based on the forest fire statistics, the previous real aircraft tests and laboratory experiments. It has been found in the simulations that the water supply with the water density of 2 L/m2 is effective to control fires and the patterns of dropping water are reasonable.

scholarly journals Fighting forest fires in the Kuibyshev Region in 1931-1940: a little-known aspect of the ecological history of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Evgeny Vladimirovich Voeykov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

The paper deals with the spread of forest fires and measures to combat them in the course of implementing the policy of preserving the forests of the Volga region in the years of the pre-war five-year plans. The paper is written mainly on the basis of archival materials of the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Central State Archive of the Samara Region, and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, which were first introduced into historical circulation. In the 1930s, large-scale logging was carried out in the Kuibyshev Region in violation of the rules of forestry. One of the problems of forest exploitation was the growth of forest fires, which caused significant economic and environmental damage. The forest industry trust Sredles and the Srednevolzhsky Forestry Trust could not significantly change the situation with the fire protection of forests for the better. The most unfavorable years for the forests of the Middle Volga region and the Kuibyshev Region were 1933 and 1938. After the creation of the Srednevolzhsky (Kuibyshev) Forest Protection Department, the effectiveness of fire-fighting measures increased. Fire fighting was carried out by the most modern means at that time. As a result, the annual number of fires decreased. But it was not possible to completely solve the problem of fires in the forests of the Middle Volga during the third five-year plan.

Relations and trends of Fire Weather Severity and MODIS Burned Area in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Marjanovic ◽  
Anikó Kern ◽  
Masa Zorana Ostrogovic Sever ◽  
Visnja Vucetic ◽  
Mislav Anic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
European Forest ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

<p>Wildfires can inflict serious damage to forest ecosystems, agricultural areas and often endanger human settlements and lives. Rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation pattern increase the risk of severe fires. In Croatia, the areas currently most affected with high risk of forest fires are located in the Mediterranean region. Due to climate change the risk will likely increase and further strain the available fire-fighting resources. The situation could be even more alarming in Continental parts of the country where forest fires were not common in the past, but may become increasingly likely in the near future. Therefore, accurately assessing the wildfire risk is increasingly important in implementing fire-avoidance activities and optimizing the management of country’s fire-fighting resources.</p><p>The aim of our study is to assess the change in the spatio-temporal distribution of the fire Daily Severity Rating (DSR) and the Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) in the last two decades, with respect to the reference period 1961–1990. We present a spatial analysis of SSR for the period 1989–2018 in Croatia based on the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) data and compare it with the one of European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS). The relation between the SSR and the burned area, estimated from MODIS MCD64A1 Version 6 Burned Area data product, during 2001–2018 is investigated with the aim to facilitate locally optimized model for the assessment of the expected burned area associated with a given SSR. The results should contribute to improved understanding of the near-future risk of severe fires in Croatia related to possible future climate scenarios.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the state of a forest road network as a basis for making a program of forest management unit opening

2014 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Milorad Danilovic ◽  
Dusan Stojnic
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Absolute Density

The planning of a forest road network is preceded by a detailed analysis of the current qualitative and quantitative state of forest roads, and above all, the determination of their spatial layout. This paper presents a categorization and assessment of the state of the existing roads in the FMUs "Zeljin" and "Bukovik II" and defining of the parts of management units with insufficiently developed networks of forest roads. The identification of unopened and insufficiently opened parts of management units was performed on the basis of density of a forest road network by departments and using a fishnet with 500 x 500 m cell dimensions and buffer zones of different widths around forest roads. The absolute density of a forest road network in the FMU "Zeljin" is 18.62 m/ha and in the FMU "Bukovik II" 12.03 m/ha. After placing buffer zones around forest roads, it was found that in the FMU "Zeljin" over 56% of the area is covered by the zone ranging from 0 to 200 m, while in the FMU "Bukovik II" this zone covers 48% of the area.

scholarly journals Bulding a Knowledge Base for Developing New Technical Solitions for the Development of Forest Roads Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 638-646
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Energy Wood

Currently, the transportation component in the cost of production in Russia is high and exceeds 40% in the logging industry. Among the most important trends in the development of forest transport in the country is a continuous increase in the share of timber hauling by forest hauling vehicles and an increase in the distance of timber transportation by truck-hauler trucks. At the same time, one of the main reasons hindering the development of timber industry complexes in the northern regions of Russia is the low degree of provision of forest infrastructure for transportation of business and energy wood. Therefore, considerable attention should be paid to improving the processes of forest road transport by solving the problems of developing a network of forest roads. A significant development of the network of forest roads is necessary to increase the economic accessibility of forests for clear and selective logging, thinning, and reforestation. It is also necessary to increase the economic efficiency of the operation of timber-carrying trucks during forest removal, to increase the level of development of the calculated cutting area, to increase the level of forest fire safety of forests, to prevent and extinguish forest fires. This led to the formation of a knowledge base for improving forest road transport processes by developing new technical solutions for the development of a network of forest roads. The formation of a knowledge base was made on the basis of an extended scientific, technical and patent search. Based on the knowledge base, recommendations for the development of a network of forest roads have been developed; new technologies have been proposed for involving local rocks in the processing of crushed stone for the construction of rocks, as well as the construction of temporary forest roads using logging waste.

scholarly journals Landscapes fire-fighting technologies as a possible scientific-technological priority for Russian Federation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. А. Kurakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Ecological Damage ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Scientific Engineering

The article presents data about the size of the economic and ecological damage, caused by the forest fires in Russia, which are qualified as a «big challenge» for the country, the the world’s leader in forest yield. The article evaluates the prospects for developing scientific, engineering and entrepreneurial communities among different countries and large regions in the areas which own forest fires prevention and fighting technologies. The articles provides a patent review of dynamically developing technologies’ cluster, encompassing various approaches to preventing and fighting forest fires. The report notes a presence of domestic competitive scientific-technological inventions, which are registered in sufficient numbers in the form of protectable technical solutions.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE CONDITION AND FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES OF PROTECTION IN THE BRYANSK FORESTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Борис Ковалев ◽  
Boris Kovalev ◽  
Наталия Сакович ◽  
Nataliya Sakovich ◽  
Евгений Христофоров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Measures

Bryansk forestry is located in the north-east of the Bryansk region, in the territories of the Bryansk and Karachev administrative districts, with a total area of 62,339 hectares, including 59,219 hectares of forest, and 16593 ha of forest cultures. Forests of the forest range are classified as protective, they are used in recreational, water-protective, environmental-forming purposes, grow on sands, moraines, sandy loam, loam. Forest management in the Bryansk forestry is aimed at rational forest management and management, enhancement of the forest resource potential, protection and protection of forests, expansion and rational use of forests through the systematic implementation of a set of forest management measures, growing forests to meet the needs of the Bryansk region in wood. The climatic conditions in the area of Bryansk forestry are mainly favorable for forest-forming coniferous and deciduous species. However, in recent years, dry periods of different duration and intensity have regularly occurred, which create conditions for the occurrence of fires. Research indicators that for the period from 2003 to 2015 in the territory of the forestry there were 2039 fires, a total area of 4,499.9 hectares. Only in 2014, the damage from forest fires amounted to 17434.2 thousand rubles, while directly to extinguish fires spent 1,434.2 thousand rubles. In 2015, the main causes of fires are: the human factor - 66 fires; grass fires - 27 fires; through the fault of the railway -10; other reasons - 3 fires and others. Elimination of forest fires in the forestry is carried out by land means, while the artificial and natural fire barriers created in advance, in particular, created with the help of a tractor, aggregated by the device for laying and reconstructing mineralized strips, and fire-fighting mineralized strips, are of great help in eliminating fires. In order to improve the microclimate in the tractor cab, the authors propose to use a control pedal with a hermetic terminal. Timely detection of fire and liquidation of a fire, reduces economic, natural, technological and social damage

Waldbrandprävention im Kanton Graubünden | Forest fire prevention in Canton Grisons

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (11) ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
Andrea Kaltenbrunner
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Regional Forest

Thanks to fast alarm systems and modern fire-fighting equipment most forest fires can be extinguished while still very small. Nevertheless, the fire brigade and forest organisations in the Grisons are recurringly confronted with larger fires. Over the past twenty years the Grisons Forestry Service and the fire section of the cantonal Building Insurance Company have invested in fire prevention and improved fire-fighting techniques. To monitor and assess the risk of forest fires, the computer-aided forest fire forecasting system “Incendi” was developed. On its basis, regional forest fire risk maps are drawn up and bans on the lighting of fires are imposed. For use in case of fire, the Forestry Service has drawn up maps of the whole Canton Grisons showing water supply points in and near the forest. Where there are gaps in the water supply, artificial water sources are being created. Fifteen years ago a concept of forest fire-fighting bases was elaborated. The most important elements of this concept are the 18 regional depots of mobile fire-fighting material, which in case of emergency can be transported where needed. The present-day administrative structures and the precautionary measures taken in the Grisons fulfil the conditions for efficient forest fire prevention and control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document