Compensation for Marine Ecological Damage: From ‘Tasman Sea’ to ‘Sanchi’

The research on marine ecological compensation is aimed to protect the marine environment and sustainably utilize marine ecosystem services, and is an important institutional instrument for coordination of the relationships among environmental, economic and other social interests. The legal mechanism of marine ecological compensation should be an important way to effectively deal with the contradictions (for examples: the value loss of marine ecosystem services, destruction of marine biodiversity, etc.) in marine eco-environmental protection. This paper firstly introduces the case of the “Sanchi” ship accident, which is regarded as the first collision case of a tanker carrying gas condensate in world shipping history, and also provides a detailed analysis of the “Tasman Sea” ship case which is regarded as the first compensation claim for marine ecological damage in China, and makes some related discussions on marine ecological compensation concerning the two cases. Then, the paper probes into the research theme from four aspects: China’s legislative deployment, the legal connotation of marine ecological damage (including the current legal status of compensation claims, subjects of compensation claims, the compensation scope and the evaluation system.), major challenges in legal practice, and remediation of marine ecological damage in China. Finally, the paper provides some suggestions on marine ecological damage compensation for the final settlement in the “Sanchi” case, and tries to explore the future trend of the research theme based on the China’s marine strategy.

Engineering of renewable fuels in the energy complex of the region

The article discusses the solution to the problem of the integrated use of renewable fuels in order to minimize ecological damage to the environment. A mathematical model has been developed that operates with averaged values of stocks of raw materials and fuel requirements. It allows you to determine the optimal number of enterprises for the production of each type of fuel, while obtaining the final formulas characterizing the schemes for the optimal location of production, as well as the relationship between these indicators. Applied calculations were carried out on the example of the Udmurt Republic.

Access to justice in environmental matters in the Republic of Moldova

The formation and development of environmental legislation have been and continue to be strongly influenced by a number of external factors determined by the objective processes of globalization and internationalization of environmental issues. From the first analyzes of the environmental policies adopted in the Republic of Moldova based on the Aarhus Convention, we find that so far no strategy has been developed to ensure access to justice on the ecological damage recovery, a strategy that would constitute the "lifeline" for the injured subjects, the authorities responsible for ensuring the full recovery of the damage caused to the environment, the courts that will resort to the laws adopted on the basis of these strategies.

Regional Environmental Supervision And Corporate Environmental Investment: From The Perspective of Ecological Damage Compensation

Based on the “Pilot Reform of the Compensation System for Ecological and Environmental Damage” launched in 2015 and a research sample of listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2017, this paper uses a difference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact of the compensation system on corporate environmental investment, as well as the moderating effect of market degree and firm ownership. The result shows that the implementation of the compensation system has significantly promoted corporate environmental investment, and the market degree has a moderating effect, but the supervision effect remains the same due to firm ownership. Local government’s strict environmental supervision on local enterprises is the important channel to ensure the function of ecological damage compensation system. This research provides a reference for the national government to formulate specific and effective environmental policies, stimulate the environmental governance motivation of local governments, and encourage enterprises to assume environmental responsibilities, to achieve green and sustainable development.

Game Theory, Tourism and Land Ethics

This paper combines game theory with Land Ethics to demonstrate a path forward for sustainable development. Our findings indicate that two likely equilibria can be reached. One equilibrium focuses on high short-term profits, but with ecological damage leading to less cumulative profits. The second equilibrium requires ecological maintenance costs (thus less short-term profits) yet yields greater cumulative profits. The comparison of the two equilibria and using the historical perspective of the Wisconsin Dells demonstrates how communities that embrace a Land Ethic can reach the equilibrium that produces greater long-term benefits.

Sustainable Alternatives for Plastic Packaging used in Apparel E-Tailing.

Fashion today is about an obsession with outward image and appearance. Though the door delivery of goods is very useful for modern consumers, it has given rise to some serious environmental challenges due to excessive usage of plastics. To pack the clothes ordered online needs a whole leap of plastic wrap, bubble sheet, thermocol sheet and the list of packaging waste is endless. From polybag to collar band, plastic has a wide range of use in the packaging segment, though recycling and reusing these materials are difficult. Products like corrugated bubble sheet, green wrap, indented kraft paper can be intensive as eco-friendly alternatives for this ecological damage. Though there is room for sustainable modules in the fashion industry, there must be companies and people willing to take up the new ideals. This paper reviews plastic consumption in packaging and its environmental annoyance and the alternatives identified by some fashion brands..

Nothing Normal About the New World: A Vision for Post-COVID International Development

COVID-19 has exposed many fault lines in international development. As international staff were repatriated, the need to support communities with basics such as sanitation and hygiene once again fell to local organisations, who are often underfunded, in part because of the international development funding structures that are stacked against them. We argue that these structures lead to tokenistic partnerships, intervention design driven by short-term trends rather than the needs of communities, and ecological damage to the detriment of the very communities we claim to support. We argue that international development must take this opportunity to become more cognisant of and accountable for our carbon footprint, to develop new ways to support those organisations most closely linked to the communities they serve, to engage with the wider politics that has brought us to this point, and to commit to a future that redresses the inequalities of the past.

Environmental Law that Affects the Green Behaviour of Undergraduates at Northeastern University

The objectives of this study were.to study environmental damage, natural resource damage, ecological damage, civil liability, criminal liability, administrative liability, and green behaviour levels and to study the independent variables comprising environmental damage, natural resource damage, ecological damage, civil liability, criminal liability, and administrative liability affecting the dependent variable of the green behaviour of undergraduates. The research instrument was the questionnaire, and it was used for data collection from 400 undergraduates. The inferential statistics that were used was the multiple regression analysis. Research results was revealed that the mean scores of environmental damages, natural resource damage, ecological damage, civil liability, criminal liability, administrative liability, and green behaviour levels were at high levels for all aspects. Moreover, it was found that the criminal liability had the most effect towards people’s air quality maintenance behaviour at a rate of 23.6 percent and was statistically significant at the level of 0.01. It was followed by administrative liability with 17.00 percent, which was statistically significant at the level of 0.01. This might indicate that the undergraduates realized to the important of criminal liability to enforces the people’s air quality maintenance. Therefore, in order to control air quality effectively, the criminal liability is needed to use to accomplish the air quality control.