Legal Liability for Land Offences

10.12737/6590 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Елена Болтанова ◽  
Elena Boltanova

Though the term «infringement of the land law» is quite broadly used both in the practical legislation and in the theory of law, the definition of the term is quite disputable. The same is true regarding the types of responsibility that the infringement can generate. The article is aimed at defining the term and the notion of the infringement of the land law and at the substantiating of the various types of responsibility for the infringement. Acting norms of law of Russia, practical legal cases, scientific, academic and other publications constitute the empiric data for the research. The method of the research in its broader sense is based on the materialist dialectic, which makes it possible to consider the facts and processes in their interrelation and development. Besides, the methods of formal logics, of normative dogmatics, of analysis and synthesis and others were used during the research. The article proves that the type of responsibility, be it criminal, administrative, disciplinary, property liability, depends on the social impact and danger, on the functions of responsibility, and, to certain extent, on the practical thought. This is viewed from the position of interrelated and objectively connected legal norms maintaining law, which, in its turn, determines the sanction be separate from the hypothesis and from the disposition of legal norm. The law of Russia determines such a sanction as the forced termination of the right for the spot of land due to its misuse. The sanction is strictly personified and restrictive. The article stipulates grounds for the usage of the sanction as a measure of special responsibility in the sphere of land law. The responsibility is objectively conditioned by the specificity of land social relations and by infringements of the land law in particular. The research concluded that the infringement of the land law is an integral notion, characterized by the action deviating from those required by the law, and breaking the land laws. The land law is enforced by a system of measures of various types of responsibility, whereas the legislation regulating the responsibility has certain completeness and systemic integrity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Ermek B. Abdrasulov

This article examines the issues of differentiation of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations. It is noted that in the process of law-making activities, including the legislative process, practical questions often arise about the competence of various state bodies to establish various legal norms and rules. These issues are related to the need to establish a clear legal meaning of the constitutional norms devoted to the definition of the subject of regulation of laws. In particular, there is a need to clarify the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of the concepts "the most important public relations", "all other relations", "subsidiary legislation", as well as to establish the relationship between these concepts. Interpretation is also required by the provisions of p. 4 of Article 61 of the Constitution in terms of clarifying the question of whether the conclusion follows from mentioned provisions that all possible social relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan are subject to legal regulation, including those that are subject to other social and technical regulators (morality, national, business and professional traditions and customs, religion, standards, technical regulations, etc.). Answering the questions raised, the author emphasizes that the law and bylaws, as a rule, constitute a single system of legislation, performing the functions of primary and secondary acts. However, the secondary nature of subsidiary legislation does not mean that they regulate "unimportant" public relations. The law is essentially aimed at regulating all important social relations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Morais Pereira ◽  
Sônia Aparecida Siquelli

This article analyzes the pedagogical ideas of legal education in Brazil, in a historical and political perspective, seeking to question how positivist thought has exerted and still exerts influence in the formation of Law professionals, since, at present, the egress profile has was shown with the characteristics of a technical professional, who was often incapable of exercising a reflection of his own practice. Conceived in the nineteenth century, the positivist school, whose precursor was the philosopher Augusto Comte, maintained that only the laws established by science should be accepted. In the juridical field, positivism was elaborated in detail by the Austrian jurist and philosopher Hans Kelsen in his work "Pure Theory of Law", which corroborated the influence of philosophical positivism in the legal field, by maintaining that only the law is able to fully realize the Right. For the rigid thought, the norm is sufficient, being the main source of the Law, prevailing over all the others. The methodology used in the research was of a qualitative nature, developed from a bibliographic analysis of the philosophical legal concepts that compose the formation of this professional. A documentary investigation was also made in the curricular guidelines pointed out by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC). The final results of this research identified that legal positivism continues to influence the formation of the bachelor of Law. However, it is not the only factor that forges the current legal professional.ResumoO presente artigo analisa as ideias pedagógicas do ensino jurídico no Brasil, numa perspectiva histórica e política, buscando questionar como o pensamento positivista exerceu e ainda exerce influência na formação dos profissionais do Direito, uma vez que, atualmente, o perfil do egresso tem se mostrado com características de um profissional técnico, entretanto incapaz muitas vezes de exercer uma reflexão de sua própria prática. Concebida no século XIX, a escola positivista, que teve como precursor o filósofo Augusto Comte, sustentava que apenas as leis estabelecidas pela ciência deveriam ser aceitas. No campo jurídico, o positivismo foi detalhadamente trabalhado pelo jurista e filósofo austríaco Hans Kelsen em sua obra “A Teoria Pura do Direito”, que corroborou a influência do positivismo filosófico no campo jurídico, ao sustentar que apenas a lei é capaz de realizar plenamente o Direito. Para o rígido pensamento, a norma se basta, sendo a principal fonte do Direito, prevalecendo sobre todas as demais. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de uma análise bibliográfica dos conceitos filosóficos jurídicos que compõem a formação deste profissional. Também foi feita uma investigação documental nas diretrizes curriculares apontadas pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC). Os resultados finais desta pesquisa identificaram que o positivismo jurídico continua influenciando a formação do bacharel do Direito. No entanto, não é o único fator que forja o atual profissional da área jurídica.Keywords: Positivism, Legal positivism, Curricular guidelines, Bachelor's degree in law.Palavras-chave: Positivismo, Positivismo jurídico, Diretrizes curriculares, Bacharelado em direito.ReferencesBITTAR, E. C. B. Curso de filosofia do direito. 4 ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2005.BRASIL. Constituição (1988). Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília, DF: Senado Federal: Centro Gráfico, 1988. 292 p.BRASIL. Resolução CNE/CES n. 9/2004. Brasília: CNE, 2004.COMPARATO, F. K.  Ética: direito, moral e religião no mundo moderno. 3 ed. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2016.COMTE, A. Comte (Os pensadores) Curso de filosofia positiva; Discurso sobre o espírito positivo; Discurso preliminar sobre o conjunto do positivismo; Catecismo positivista. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1978.DELBONO, B. F. Os Direitos difusos e coletivos como componentes obrigatórios na organização curricular das faculdades de direito do Brasil. 2007. Tese (Doutorado em Direito das Relações Sociais), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2007.KELSEN, Hans. Teoria geral das normas. Tradução de Jose? Florentino Duarte. Porto Alegre: Fabris, 1986.KELSEN, Hans. Teoria Geral do Direito e do Estado. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1998a.KELSEN, Hans. Teoria pura do direito. Tradução: João Baptista Machado. 6 ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1998b. MENDONÇA, J. S. Curso de Filosofia do Direito: o homem e o Direito. 2 ed. São Paulo: Rideel, 2011.MOSSINI, D. E. S. Ensino jurídico: história, currículo e interdisciplinaridade. 2010. Tese (Doutorado em Educação). Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP, São Paulo, 2010.MOTTA, C. D. B; BROLEZZI, A. C. A influência do positivismo na história da educação matemática no Brasil. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. OLIVEIRA, A. G. de. Filosofia do Direito. São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2012.REALE, M. Lições preliminares de Direito. 27 ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2002.ROCHA, J. L. A educação matemática na visão de Augusto Comte. 2006. Tese de Doutorado em Educação. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2006.ROCHA. L. S. Epistemologia e democracia. 2 ed. São Leopoldo: Unisinos, 2003.SAVIANI, D. A educação na Constituição Federal de 1988: avanços no texto e sua neutralização no contexto dos 25 anos de vigência. Revista Brasileira de Política e Administração da Educação, v. 29, n. 2, p. 207-221, maio/ago. 2013.SAVIANI, D. História das ideias pedagógicas no Brasil. Campinas: Autores Associados, 2007. SIMIONI, R. L. Curso de hermenêutica jurídica contemporânea: do positivismo clássico ao pós-positivismo jurídico. Curitiba: Juruá, 2014.SANCHES, R. C. F.; PEREIRA, N. C. F. O ensino dogmático do direito como elemento limitador à universalização do acesso à justiça. XVIII CONGRESSO NACIONAL DO CONPEDI. Anais...  São Paulo, 2009.WARAT, L. A. A pureza do poder: uma análise crítica de teoria jurídica. Florianópolis: Ed. da UFSC, 1983.WARAT, L. A. Introdução geral ao direito: a epistemologia jurídica da modernidade. Porto Alegre:  Safe, 2002.WARAT, L. A. Introdução geral ao direito: O direito não estudado pela teoria jurídica moderna. Porto Alegre: Safe, 1997.WARAT, L. A. Saber crítico e senso comum teórico dos juristas. In: Seqüência. UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, ISSNe 2177-7055, 1982.WOLKMER, A. C. História do Direito no Brasil. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Forense, 2000. 


JURISDICTIE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Musa Taklima

<p><em>This study aims to describe first, the main factors causing the inability of the law to fulfill transportation accessibility rights for persons with disabilities in East Java, secondly, the legal review of consumer protection and maqashid sharia against non-fulfillment of transportation accessibility rights for persons with disabilities, third, legal solutions to compliance transportation accessibility rights of persons with disabilities in East Java. The research method used is empirical research with a sociological juridical approach that is related to the effectiveness of the law to fulfill the accessibility rights of persons with disabilities in the field of transportation, which relies on primary data obtained through guided free interviews from primary data sources as well: (1) Transportation Service of East Java Province , (2) Regional Representative Council of the East Java Highway Transport Organization (Organda), which is then analyzed descriptively by a deductive pattern. The results of this study, first, legal norms used to burden the obligation to fulfill the right of accessibility of persons with disabilities to business actors are mandatory norms not prohibitors, business actors do not have legal awareness because they do not know about these obligations and apparatuses also do not have legal norms this is because of ignorance of this obligation, second, in the perspective of legal consumer protection, accessibility is a consumer right specifically for persons with disabilities given Law No. 8 of 2016 and also the obligation of business actors provided by Law No. 22 of 2009, there is no realization of accessibility rights in transportation, business people have ignored consumer rights of disability as well as obligations that must be fulfilled by business actors, maqashid Syariah's perspective sees the implications of not achieving transportation accessibility rights can result in their limited mobility to find work which leads to acts requesting that this need collide with hifdz al-mal and al-'urd. Third, the solution for fulfilling the right of accessibility of persons with disabilities in the transportation sector is (1) Establishment of a National Disability Commission that can advocate for the neglect of the rights of persons with disabilities in macro, (2) legal literacy as a legal literacy media on the rights of persons with disabilities.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pertama,<strong> </strong>faktor utama penyebab tidak bisa bekerjanya hukum pemenuhan hak asesibilitas transportasi bagi penyandang disabilitas di Jawa Timur, kedua, tinjauan hukum perindungan konsumen dan maqashid syariah terhadap tidak terpenuhinya hak aksesibilitas transportasi bagi penyandang disabilitas, ketiga, solusi hukum terhadap pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas transportasi penyandang disabilitas di Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis yaitu terkait dengan efektivitas hukum pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas penyandang disabilitas dibidang transportasi, yang bertumpuh kepada data primer yang didapat melalui wawancara bebas terpimpin dari sumber data primer pula yaitu: (1) Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi Jawa Timur, (2) Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Organisasi Angkutan Jalan Raya (Organda) Jawa Timur, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif analisis dengan pola deduktif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini, pertama, norma hukum yang digunakan untuk membebani kewajiban pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas penyandang disabilitas kepada pelaku usaha adalah norma mandatur bukan prohibitor, pelaku usaha tidak memiliki kesadaran hukum karena mereka tidak mengetahui tentang kewajiban ini dan apparat juga tidak memiliki keterikatan dengan norma hukum ini karena ketidaktahuan terhadap kewajiban ini, kedua, dalam perspektif hukum perlindungan konsumen, aksesibilitas merupakan hak konsumen khusus bagi penyandang disabilitas yang diberikan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2016 dan juga merupakan kewajiban pelaku usaha yang diberikan oleh Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2009, tidak terealisasinya hak aksesibilitas dalam transportasi, pelaku usaha telah mengabaikan hak konsumen disabilitas sekaigus juga kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi oleh pelaku usaha, perspektif maqashid Syariah melihat implikasi tidak terwujudnya hak aksesibilitas transportasi dapat mengakibatkan sempitnya mobilitas mereka untuk mencari pekerjaan sehingga berujung pada perbuatan meminta minta yang terntunya ini berbenturan dengan hifdz al-mal dan al-‘urd. Ketiga, solusi agar hak aksesbilitas penyandang disabilitas di bidang transportasi terpenuhi adalah (1) Pembentukan Komisi Disabilitas Nasional yang bisa mengadvokasi pengabaian hak-hak penyandang disbailitas secara makro, (2) legal literacy sebagai media melek hukum tentang hak-hak penyandang disabilitas.</em>


2020 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
В. В. Дутка

The relevance of the article is that society’s attitude to the bankruptcy procedure is ambiguous: ordinary citizens who have never been involved in bankruptcy proceedings often perceive it as a certain negative phenomenon that should be avoided and avoided. On the other hand, for many debtors, bankruptcy becomes the “lifeline” with which they can repay their claims to creditors and start financial life “from scratch”. At the same time, it should be noted that many debtors and creditors use the bankruptcy procedure not for the purposes provided by the legislator in the relevant legal norms, but to satisfy only their own interests, to the detriment of the interests of other parties to the case. In this regard, the study of the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings becomes relevant. The article is devoted to the study of abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings and highlight the author’s vision of this issue. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the application to the debtor of bankruptcy procedures can be both good for the debtor and to the detriment of the interests of his creditors. Entities that could potentially abuse the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings are: creditors of the debtor – a legal entity, as well as debtors – legal entities, individuals and individuals – entrepreneurs. The fact of exemption of debtors from the court fee for filing an application to initiate bankruptcy proceedings is not only an unjustified luxury for our state, but also only contributes to the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings by unscrupulous debtors. In order to reduce the number of cases of abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings, the author justifies the need to complicate the conditions for opening bankruptcy proceedings, for example, by returning the conditions provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Restoration of Debtor’s Solvency or Recognition of Debtor’s Bankruptcy”.


1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Robert E. Paul

This article defines and describes the interrelated but conceptually distinct terms “confidentiality,” “privilege,” “privileged communications,” “privacy,” and “records.” It reviews the parameters of these words, discusses the variance between the extent of the physician-patient and that of the much broader licensed psychologist-patient privilege in Pennsylvania and, in particular, reviews the situations in which assertions of confidentiality and privilege cannot prevent third parties from gaining access to records and the information contained in them and the legal cases which set out the law in these areas. Finally, it reviews the demands to see records by patients and the increasing willingness of courts, legislators, and regulators to grant not only access but also the right to correct, add to, or destroy such records if the patient wishes to do so.


Author(s):  
Hans Boutellier

This chapter presents some final thoughts from the author. It suggests that morality is at the heart of every interaction, and crime is a disturbance of how a society wants to understand, define, and regulate these interactions. That goes for every society in every era, including our diversified, network society without any obvious general philosophies of life. The current challenge is to formulate and reformulate our sentiments, ideas, and beliefs to keep each other on the right track. This requires norms and values, including habits, traditions, and the law. Criminal law can even be understood as a canon of morality. It shifted to the middle of the moral space, and became a centre of gravity in organizing our ‘postmodern’ social relations. However, it falls short, because it is too little too late in relation to the big moral space it has to regulate.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
S Yu Sumenkov

The article reveals the relations between two phenomena of legal reality: the legitimacy of law and exceptions to the law. The author agrees that the legitimacy is the most important feature of the right, indicating the recognition of both the right itself and its regulatory impact by the majority of the population. The legitimacy of the law is achieved through its effectiveness, especially speed and differentiation. But the main quality that contributes to the legitimacy of law is the possibility of coordination of different-vector interests of numerous and heterogeneous subjects of social relations. The main role in solving this problem is played by exceptions to the law, which offer a different, compared with the General version of regulation, without destroying the standardizing effect of legal regulation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Bondarenko ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Pustova ◽  

The article deals with the views of scholars on legal influence in the system of social influence. Using a systematic methodology for the study of legal phenomena, the social system is revealed in its relationship with law and legal influence from the standpoint of modern theory of law. Social norms in the system of social influence are characterized. It is noted that the main purpose of social norms is to ensure the system nature of social relations, orderliness, organization, and focus on socially useful results. In the context of the modern understanding of these legal institutions, such types of regulators of social relations as custom, tradition, moral, religious, political, corporate and legal norms are distinguished. A feature of legal influence is a specific toolkit, which consists in a unique set of legal means, methods and techniques of influence, through which law affects people and society. Psychological, economic, organizational and managerial, political, cultural and religious direction of influence cannot be effective without the influence of the legal, because law regulates in detail the important aspects of public life and consolidates the interests of society. Issues of economic organization, the functioning of the political system, and some issues of organization of cultural life of society are reflected in law. Other areas affect certain aspects of human life. These areas actively interact, having a comprehensive impact on society. Each type of social norms has shortcomings, but, acting in the system, they affect various aspects of the human psyche, ensuring the fullness of social influence, contributing to the common goal – the desired state of social life. Legal influence has a special place in the system of social influence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
G. A. Misnik ◽  

The article provides an analysis of the legal rules governing the application of sanctions for violation of land laws. Particular attention is paid to the type of sanctions, such as the seizure of land used in violation of the law and unused in accordance with their purpose. The author examines the existing theoretical positions on the legal nature of these sanctions, examines law enforcement practice. The article provides a critical analysis of the positions of the judiciary in terms of the qualification of land offences as the basis for the application of these sanctions. As a result of the theoretical study of the issue, the author concludes that the sanctions are recognized as liability measures, the industry of which needs to be legislated.


Grotiana ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-395
Author(s):  
Michael Kempe

AbstractIt is still underestimated to what extent in his main works Hugo Grotius not only sketched and developed a system of private, state and international law; but also outlined a general philosophy or theory of law. By asking questions concerning the law of property, the law of prize and booty, the law of peace and war or the legal status of sovereignty he did not only refer to the 'right side', i.e. to actions that can be labelled as rightful and legal. He also dealt with many aspects of what is not right and unlawful, not limiting himself to just give mere examples of crossing the border to the 'non right side'. It was a part of Grotius's methodological approach to systematically reflect on the law from the perspective of its violations. One example of such a violation is the act of piracy and the figure of the pirate. To outline this is the aim of the following article. By showing that the pirate and his 'legal twin', the privateer, were belong together as two sides of the same coin, they come to symbolise in an exemplary way the differentiation between 'right' and 'non right' as the unity of law in the legal philosophy of Grotius.


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