scholarly journals Biologia de Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) em folhas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice Diniz Alvarenga ◽  
Hugo Ribeiro Souza ◽  
Teresinha Augusta Giustolin ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo ◽  
Joseilton Faria Silva
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Resumo: A biologia de Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray foi estudada em laboratório, quando estes insetos foram alimentados com folhas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). Espécimes de C. phyllinus, recém eclodidos e alimentados com folhas de goiabeira foram mantidos em gaiolas adaptadas de garrafas pet de 2 L, as quais foram trocadas à medida que as dimensões do corpo destes insetos aumentavam. Foram avaliados o período de incubação, o número e a duração dos ínstares ninfais de machos e fêmeas, a longevidade dos adultos, o período de pré-oviposição e de oviposição, o número de ovos por fêmeas e a viabilidade destes. O período de incubação foi de 115,45 dias, a duração média do período ninfal dos machos foi de 102,62 e 117,67 dias, para os insetos com cinco e seis instares, respectivamente. Para as fêmeas o período ninfal médio foi de 163,27 e 179,25 dias, para os insetos com oito e nove instares, respectivamente. Os períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição foram de 29,44 e 164,4 dias, respectivamente. Cada fêmea colocou, em média, 392,33 ovos, com viabilidade média de 22,26%. As fêmeas possuem uma longevidade maior do que a dos machos, podendo viver até oito meses de idade, enquanto, os machos vivem no máximo cinco meses de idade. Essa espécie possui baixa capacidade reprodutiva, principalmente devido ao longo período embrionário e a baixa viabilidade dos ovos.Biology of Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) reared on guava tree leaves (Psidium guajava)Abstract: The biology of Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray was studied in laboratory, when these insects were fed with guava tree leaves (Psidium guajava L.). Newly hatched specimens of C. phyllinus and fed guava tree leaves were kept in cages adapted from 2 L pet bottles, which were changed as the body dimensions of these insects increased. The incubation period, number and duration of nymph instars of males and females, adult longevity, pre-oviposition and oviposition period, number of eggs per females and viability were evaluated. The incubation period was 115.45 days, the mean duration of the nymph males period was 102.62 and 117.67 days for insects with five and six instars, respectively. For females the mean nymph period was 163.27 and 179.25 days for insects with eight and nine instars, respectively. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were 29.44 and 164.4 days, respectively. Each female placed, on average, 392.33 eggs, with average viability of 22.26%. Females have a longer longevity than males, and can live up to eight months of age, while males live at most five months of age. This species has low reproductive capacity, mainly due to the long embryonic period and the low viability of the eggs.

Biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq) on host bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
T. Akter ◽  
M. M. H. Sohel
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (coq) on bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, using variety ‘BARI-Lau 1’. The mean incubation period, larval (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars), pre-pupal, pupal and total developmental periods of B. cucurbitae were 1.69±0.28, (1.72±0.33, 1.41±0.31, 2.31±0.51), 0.74±0.28, 9.2±0.78 and 36±1.69 days, respectively. The mean adult longevity, with food and without food was 14.1±1.28 and 5.0±0.81 days, respectively. The lengths of all three larval instars were 1.1± 0.9, 3.03 ± 0.95 and 6.42 ± 0.90 mm, and the widths were 0.22 ±0.11, 1.12 ± 0.01 and 2.13 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The length and width of the pre-pupa and the pupa were 5.86 ±0.48, 5.68± 0.26 mm and 1.94 ± 0.23, 2.39±0.20 mm respectively. The length of male and female were 6.61±0.59 and 8.28±0.52 mm. The widths of males and females with wingspan were 10.97 ± 0.43 and 13.02±1.28 mm respectively. The incidence of B. cucurbitae as maggot population in bottle gourd was higher in January during the study period from December 2018 to March 2019.

Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira ◽  
Aline Soldati ◽  
Sirlene S. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Laércio dos Anjos Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
The Mean

The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky’s fluid for 24 h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62 ± 3.19% and 573.57 ± 166.95 μm, respectively; mean ± s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17 ± 3.70%; mean ± s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38 ± 1.84 × 109; mean ± s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats’ reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.

scholarly journals Static Anthropometric Characteristics of Bangladeshi Vehicle Driver: A Case Study

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Halder ◽  
E. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Working Efficiency

Background. Inappropriate design of sitting furniture and working equipment causes the serious musculoskeletal injuries and various pains as well as reducing working efficiency. Uncomfortable sitting posture in prolonged driving in Bangladesh is an issue to be solved immediately. Therefore, anthropometric databank of user population is significantly essential for the suitable dimensional design for avoiding these remarkable problems.Methods. This study analyses the anthropometric data of the Bangladeshi male vehicle driver aged between 30 and 60 years. A total of 210 Bangladeshi healthy drivers are considered for 15 anthropometric measurements and compared with the similar anthropometrics of other nationalities.Results.The mean stature and sitting height erect of Bangladeshi driver are 1645 mm and 843 mm, respectively. The mean of body mass index (BMI) of the drivers is 26.09 kg/m2, which indicates that the drivers are overweight. The mean stature of Bangladeshi driver is 17 mm shorter than the driver of Korea and 115 mm shorter than the driver of Iran.Conclusion. There are substantial differences between the body dimensions of Bangladeshi driver and similar dimensions of other countries. In comparison, Bangladeshi driver is found to be the shortest compared with the sample of other nationalities.

Predicting 5th and 95th Percentile Anthropometric Segment Lengths From Population Stature

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Fromuth ◽  
Matthew B. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Actual Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Males And Females

Designing for human variability frequently necessitates an estimation of the spatial requirements of the intended user population. These measures are often obtained from “proportionality constants” which predict the lengths of relevant anthropometry using stature. This approach is attractive because it is readily adapted to new populations—only knowledge of a single input, stature, is necessary to obtain the estimates. The most commonly used ratios are those presented in Drillis and Contini’s report from 1966 [1]. Despite the prevalence of their use, these particular values are limited because the size and diversity of the population from which these ratios were derived is not in the literature, and the actual body dimensions that each ratio represents are not clear. Furthermore, they are often misinterpreted and used inappropriately. This paper introduces a new approach, the “boundary ratio” which mitigates many of these issues. Boundary ratios improve on the traditional application of proportionality constants by: 1) explicitly defining the body dimensions, 2) defining constants for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile measures, and 3) providing distinct constants for males and females when necessary. This approach is shown to better model the range of variability exhibited in population body dimensions.

scholarly journals A pilot study of the body weight of pure-bred client-owned adult cats

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S113-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kienzle ◽  
Katja Moik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Kg Medium

A total of 539 pure-bred and seventy-five cats without a pedigree were weighed and scored at cat shows or in veterinary surgeries. Data from normal-weight cats with a body condition score (BCS) of 5 (ideal) were only used. Breeds were grouped into five classes. For female cats, the mean weight for these groups were as follows: very light (2·8 kg); light (3·2 kg); medium (3·5 kg); large (4·0 kg); giant (4·9) kg. For male cats, the corresponding values were 3·6, 4·2, 4·3, 5·1 and 6·1 kg. Siamese/Oriental Shorthair were identified as a very light breed, the Norwegian Forest and the Siberian Cat as a large breed and the Maine Coon as a giant breed. Males and females of the same breed did not always belong to the same class. In some breeds, individuals of the same sex were found in two different classes. The percentage of intact overweight cats (BCS >5) was low (7 % of intact males, 3 % of intact females). Incidence of overweight in neutered cats was 50 % in males and 38 % in females. Among pedigreed cats, there were differences in the incidence of overweight in neutered cats: high in Norwegian Forest Cats (males 75 %, females 50 %) and low in Siamese/Oriental Shorthair Cats (males 25 %, females 1 %). Cats with a BCS of 6, 7 and 8 had on average 120, 154 and 214 % of the normal weight of their breed, respectively.

scholarly journals On the fecundity of some gammarids

1942 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Mean

1. The number of species found in this investigation is six, of which four are marine and two brackish water.2. The mean value of the body weight and the fecundity varies with the species. The size of a species bears no relation whatever to the reproductive capacity.3. The fecundity is subject to seasonal variation, being generally higher in the spring than in the winter months.4. In general, a positive correlation exists between body weight and fecundity of the individuals of each species. This rule does not, however, apply to Gammarus duebeni, in which the fecundity appears to fall after reaching its maximum at the 19 mg. body-weight class.

scholarly journals Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2): Measurement Invariance across Genders and Item Response Theory Examination.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zarate ◽  
Joshua Marmara ◽  
Camilla Potoczny ◽  
Warwick Hosking ◽  
Vasielios Stavropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Item Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Differential Functioning ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract Background: The present study considers a measure of positive body image, the Body Appreciation Scale-2, which assesses acceptance and/or favourable opinions towards the body (BAS-2[29]). Differential functioning of the scale across the two genders, as well as its items, has not been excluded. The present study contributes to this area of knowledge via the employment of gender Measurement Invariance (MI) and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses. Methods: A group of 386 adults from the community were assessed (N = 394, 54.8% men, 43.1% women, M age = 27.48; SD = 5.57). Results: MI analysis observed invariance across males and females at the configural level, and non-invariance at the metric level. Further, the two-parameter logistic model employed to observe IRT properties indicated that all items demonstrated, although variable, strong discrimination capacity. Conclusions: The items showed increased reliability for latent levels of ∓ 2 SD from the mean level of Body Appreciation. The implications and interpretations of the findings for clinical practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Pulmonary infection in two sympatric lizards, Mabuya arajara (Scincidae) and Anolis brasiliensis (Polychrotidae) from a cloud forest in Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC. Ribeiro ◽  
FS. Ferreira ◽  
SV. Brito ◽  
DA. Teles ◽  
RW. Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
New Host ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Chapada Do Araripe

The parameters of infection by lung parasites from two sympatric lizards, Mabuya arajara and Anolis brasiliensis, from the Atlantic Rainforest of the lower slope of Chapada do Araripe in Northeastern Brazil were analyzed between September, 2009 and July, 2010. A total of 202 lizards were collected. 125 specimens were from Mabuya arajara and 77 from Anolis brasiliensis. M. arajara was infected by the pentastomid Raillietiella mottae while A. brasiliensis was infected by the nematode Rhabdias sp., with an overall prevalence of 1.6% and 28.6%, respectively. The mean intensity of infection by Rhabdias sp. was 3.63 ± 2.58 (range 1-15). The body size and sex of lizards did not influence the intensity of infection by Rhabdias sp. The overall prevalence was also not different between males and females hosts in A. brasiliensis. Both Anolis brasiliensis and Mabuya arajara represent a new host to Rhabdias sp. and Raillietiella mottae, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of Relationship between Thyroid Gland Volume and Anthropometric Indices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. J. Salaam ◽  
S. M. Danjem ◽  
A. A. Salaam ◽  
H. A. Angba ◽  
P. O. Ibinaiye
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Thyroid Gland Volume ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objective: To sonographically determine the thyroid gland volume in normal adults in Jos University Teaching Hospital, as well as how it relates to anthropometric factors. Background: The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body weighing about 10-25g.  It regulates the rate of metabolism and controls the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. These it does, by producing thyroid hormones, principally thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The accurate estimation of the size of the thyroid is very important for the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders. Thus, knowing the normal size in a geographic location would form a baseline for detecting abnormalities. Ultrasonography is a cheap, readily available, easy to perform and non-invasive method to image the thyroid gland, hence its use in this resource-limited setting. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of sonographic measurement of thyroid gland volume on 400 normal (healthy) adults in Jos, Plateau State, Northern part of Nigeria. All examinations were performed using LOGIC 5, a real-time ultrasound machine using a 10MHZ linear transducer and ultrasound transmission gel to act as a coupling gel. Measurements of each lobe and isthmus were obtained in longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and depth(breath) in centimetres (cm). Blood samples were taken for thyroid function tests. The weight and heights were obtained. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 17. The results were presented in forms of tables, graphs and chart. Results: The mean thyroid volume for males   6.03 cm3±2.22 was higher than that of females 5.62 cm3±2.14. The mean right lobe volume (RLV) was 3.09 cm3±1.47 and that of males and females were 3.16 cm3 ±1.34 and 3.04 cm3 ±1.55 respectively. The mean left lobe volume (LLV) was 2.69 cm3 ± 1.37 and that of males and females were 2.89 cm3±1.32 and 2.57 cm3±1.39 respectively. The right lobe volume was significantly greater than the left lobe(p=0.000). The total mean isthmus volume was 0.27 cm3±0.31. The mean isthmus volume in males 0.3±0.28 is significantly higher than that of females 0.24±0.23 (p=0.025). The BMI increases in females with increasing age. BMI and BSA are higher in males. Conclusion: The volume obtained in this study was slightly lower than those reported by previous studies in Nigerian adults. The right lobe volume was higher than that of the left and the volume was higher in males compared to females. Anthropometric parameters were noted to affect the thyroid volume.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Pituitary Gland with Correlation of Age and Gender using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Sunima Maskey ◽  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Pragya Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Transverse Dimension ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master gland of the body. It’s size varies with age and gender. MRI is the safest and effective diagnostic tool for pituitary gland examination. Objectives: This study was aim to determine the anteroposterior, height and transverse dimensions of normal  pituitary gland in different age groups of both sex with MRI. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It consisted of 567 images of individuals (242 males and 325 females) of various age from 20 to 70 years from the Department of Radio- diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital. Results: The mean anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension of pituitary gland is 9.74±1.18 mm, 5.95±1.11 mm and 11.65±2.15 mm respectively in which females have higher value. Independent sample t test showed highly significant differences (p< 0.05) between the mean anteroposterior dimension in males and females. The present study showed the mean value of anteroposterior dimension is maximum at age group 50-59.  The mean value of height, transverse dimension and volume of males and females is maximum at 20-29 age group and minimum at 70-79 age group. One way ANOVA shows that there is significant difference between in height, transverse dimension and volume at different age group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the height and volume of pituitary gland is maximum at second decade of life then it gradually decreases with age. The mean value of anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension showed greater value of females than males.

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