LOCAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE EXAMPLE OF “MEDOBORY” NATURE RESERVE DURING 2006-2020

The analysis of the main meteorological indicators, given according to the data of hydrometeorological post in the village of Hrymailiv for the last fifteen years, is presented. The dynamics of changes in the average annual, monthly and daily, minimum, maximum air temperatures, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc. has been studied for the Nature Reserve "Medobory", the analysis of climatic features of months for the period of 2006-2020 is carried out. The temperature mode of the Reserve during the year is marked by considerable fluctuations of temperatures: from + 18,9ºС in July to -4,7ºС in January. The established duration of seasons is marked by strong variability, which is a sign of climate changing: the shortest and latest winter in the period of investigation recorded in 2016, began on December 29 and lasted 42 days, and the longest one - in 2018, lasted 130 days; the longest spring was in 2020 - 116 days, the shortest one - in 2018, lasted 30 days. The longest summer in 2018 lasted 147 days; in 2017-2018 a significant decrease in average daily air temperatures in the first half of July was observed; August and September parts of summer in 2016-2020 were hot, with fairly high maximums and very little precipitation. The latest beginning of autumn for the entire observation period is September 27, 2020, the shortest season - in 2016, only 53 days. The duration of autumn decreases, the average value reaches 75 days, the duration of summer increases - 112 days. It is noted that the nature of precipitation has changed - rain falls in the form of heavy, short-term showers, for one downpour the monthly norm of precipitations can fall out; over the last five years, the average length of the growing season has increased by 19 days and 13 days more than the average for fifteen years, the sum of active temperatures above the average for the last five years by 299.3ºC, for the last fifteen years - by 183.5ºС. On the territory of the Nature Reserve "Medobory" other local manifestations of climate changing were recorded, expressed as follows: the average annual air temperature over the past five years increased by 0.5 ° C (the warmest for the entire observation period was 2020 with an average temperature of 10, 1ºС, just then there were 43 days in winter (61%) with positive daily average air temperatures); meteorological natural phenomena of nature became more frequent: heavy rains, snowfalls, heavy hail showers, ice, fogs, dust storms, ice frosting-up; exceeded the maximum air temperature for the last five years: October 3, 2016 (27.0 ° C), August 3, 2017 (38.5 ° C), May 25, 2018 (34.0 ° C), 21 June 2018 (34.0ºC), March 31, 2019 (21.2ºC), and the minimum - June 8, 2016 (0.0°C), July 7, 2017 (4.7°C), September 30, 2018 (-2.5°C), April 1, 2020 (-7.0°C). The latest spring light frost recorded on May 22, 2020 (-1.0ºC), which led to mass frosting-up of herbaceous plant species. Every autumn at the end of September, light frosts are already registered: -1.5ºC - September 28, 2016, -1.0ºC and -0.9ºC - September 29 and September 30, 2017, -2.5ºC - September 30, 2018, - 1.8ºС - September 21, 2019, -1.0ºС - September 19, 2020, the last one - the earliest during the observation period and also in the summer part of September. For the first time in 2020, the relative humidity in March was 16% below normal, mainly due to the second and third decades (58% and 47% correspondingly), in April it was only 39% - 27% below normal. Such deviations were not observed even in the dry summer and autumn months. Key words: air temperature, precipitation, climatic seasons, meteorological natural phenomena.

Modeling of chloroform content in drinking water of infiltration water intake by periods of the annual cycle. Part 1. Extended flood period

A relationship was found between the chloroform content in drinking water and the parameters characterizing the water quality (turbidity, chromaticity, oxidizability) during the extended flood period (March - June), isolated from the eighteen-year period of the infiltration water intake operation. Two time series were formed, including the monthly average values of the parameters for the entire observation period (72 values) and the averaged values of the parameters corresponding to each year (18 values). Two time series were formed, including the monthly average values of the parameters for the entire observation period (72 values) and the averaged values of the parameters corresponding to each year (18 values). Correlation-regression analysis showed that none of the parameters have a decisive significance for the chloroform content. Multiple correlation-regression analysis revealed that the regression equation for the time series of the averaged values of the parameters corresponding to each year is statistically reliable, is characterized by an acceptable mean error (about 12%) and can be used to assess the chloroform content in drinking water.

DIEL AND INTER-SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH IN WATER AREA OF WINTERING RIVERBED DEPRESSION

To study the dynamics of the spatial distribution of fish under ice cover the research was carried out in the water area of the riverbed depression located in the lower reaches of the Irtysh River (Western Siberia, Tyumen region). The research was conducted by using the hydroacoustic method based on a computerized hydroacoustic software-hardware complex. It was found that, in the diurnal aspect, throughout the entire observation period (December - April), the number of fish in the riverbed increases during the dark period of the day, and during the light period it decreases. The dominant groups of fish change with the change of the period of the day: December - cyprinids prevail in the dark period of the day, in March and April - in the light period of the day, the rest of the time the group of percids predominated. With an increase in water temperature from December to April from 3.7 to 6.5 °C, it was noted that the density of fish decreases from 184 to 8 sp/hect. in the daytime and from 2157 to 91 sp/hect. at night (dark period), respectively. Fish explore the horizons of the water column of the riverbed depression during the day and night from the surface to the bottom with the highest density indicators near the surface, except - the daytime in December. With increasing density of fish at nightfall at the same time, there was an increase used water area of riverbed depression. In the vertical aspect, cyprinids avoid predators (pike, in-connu, burbot) in the diurnal dynamics; the distribution of cyprinids has a significant negative cor-relation with the distribution of the second group of fish. Thus, the features of the vertical and hori-zontal distribution of fish in the diurnal dynamics throughout the entire observation period are the strategy of their survival: for prey - escape from predators, for predators - search for food objects

Continuous spike-and-wave activity during slow-wave sleep in patients with rett syndrome

The article presents a description of a clinical case of a child 3 years 8 months old with Rett syndrome caused by the mutation of p.Val485fs in the MECP2 gene. According to electroencephalography data at the age of 1 year and 6 months, diffuse continued epileptiform activity in the form of high-amplitude (up to 300 μV) acute – slow wave complexes (continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep, CSWS) with an index of 90–100 % was revealed. At the control examination at the age of 2 years and 10 months diffuse epileptiform activity was replaced by multifocal activity with an index of up to 70–80 % at certain epochs, in general, not exceeding 50–60 %. During the entire observation period there were no epileptic seizures. It remains unknown whether the presence of CSWS at such an early age is a predictor of a more severe course of Rett syndrome – in our observation the girl did not acquire walking skills and a delay in psychic and speech development was evident already before the 12 month of life. more research is needed on the frequency of the CSWS phenomenon and its role in the development of clinical features in Rett syndrome.

STUDY OF TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND LOCAL IRRITANT EFFECT OF THE DRUGS INSACAR TOTAL C PLUS AND INSACAR TOTAL K PLUS ON LABORATORY RATS

The study of acute cutaneous toxicity and local irritant effect of the drugs Insacar Total C Plus and Insacar Total K Plus on mongrel white rats was conducted in doses of 5000 and 10 000 mg/kg of body weight (BW). When the drugs were applied to the skin of rats, no animal deaths were recorded during the entire observation period. Thus, the LD50 is more than 10 000 mg / kg of BW. A single application of the drugs to the skin in rats at a dose of 1 ml/100 g (10 000 units) in two experimental groups on the 7th and 9th day of the study showed the most pronounced irritant effect. In this regard, the drugs have an irritating effect – 1 point. The studied drugs Insacar Total C Plus and Insacar Total K Plus belong to the group of insectoacaricidal and anthelmintic agents. The substances included in its composition have a contact and systemic effect on ectoparasites and nematodes. They are complex medicines containing 4 active components – moxidectin, pyriproxifen, imidacloprid, praziquantel. Such a combination of active substances is characterized by effectiveness against a larger number of parasite species, stages of their development, and in addition, reduce the likelihood of developing resistance of pathogens to drugs.

ASSESSMENT OF DIRECT PYROGENIC CARBON EMISSIONS IN RUSSIAN FORESTS FOR 2020 USING REMOTE MONITORING DATA

The paper presents the results of assessing pyrogenic emissions of carbon compounds in Russian forests for 2020 using remote monitoring methods. The area of forests damaged by fires was 6.5 mln ha, whereas the amount of carbon emissions was 36.5 MtC. Although the total area of damage is higher than the average annual values, the amount of pyrogenic carbon emissions is lower than the average annual ones. In absolute terms, the year corresponds to 2016. We registered an increase in annual carbon emissions from fires since the abnormal 2012. A preliminary analysis of the entire observation period for fires suggests that 2021 may be the next abnormal year after the years of 2003 and 2012 in terms of forest fires and direct pyrogenic carbon emissions into the atmosphere.

SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE IMAGO PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE IN THE DERMACENTOR MARGINATUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) NATURAL POPULATION IN THE CENTRAL CISCAUCASIA

The article discusses the seasonal changes in the age composition (physiological age) of imagoes of Dermacentor marginatus ticks natural populations. To determine the physiological age, we used 1477 hungry imagoes of D. marginatus, collected on a flannel flag, under the conditions of a stationary observation site. During the entire observation period, ticks of the third physiological age prevailed. Wintering imagoes include ticks of third and fourth physiological ages. In April, at the peak of activity, the nucleus of the population is made up of ticks of second and third physiological age. A small part of the population during this period is made up of individuals of fourth physiological age. In May, the percentage of recently activated individuals decreases markedly. In collections of this period, strongly emaciated individuals of fourth physiological age predominate. The summer population of ticks is represented by individuals of the third and fourth physiological ages. Their share is over 90%. Individuals of second physiological age were found by us only in early June and late August. In autumn, the bulk of the population is also represented by individuals of third and fourth physiological ages. Keywords: imagoes, Ixodes ticks, Dermacentor marginatus, Central Ciscaucasia, physiological age, age composition

Astrometric observations of Uranian and Neptunian satellites with the Pulkovo and Crimean observatory telescopes in 2020

The paper presents the results of observations of the Uranian and Neptunian satellites performed in 2020 with the 1-meter mirror telescope ‘Saturn’ (Pulkovo observatory) and the 350-mm guide telescope of the ‘Sintez’ telescope (Crimean observatory). More than 8 thousand separate positions of the satellites were obtained in the Gaia EDR3 catalog system. The average values of standard errors of the satellite normal place in right ascension and declination for the entire observation period, demonstrating the internal convergence of the observation results, lie within 10—50 mas.

Assessment of direct pyrogenic carbon emissions in forests of Russia for 2020 according to remote monitoring data

The article presents the results of an assessment of pyrogenic Carbon emissions in the forests of Russia for 2020, carried out using remote monitoring methods. The area of forest damage from fires was 6.5 million hectares, and the amount of Carbon emissions was 36.5 MtC. Although the area of damages in the country as a whole is higher than the average annual values, the scale of pyrogenic carbon emissions is lower than the average annual values and in absolute terms corresponds to 2016. There has been an increase in fire Carbon emissions since 2012. A preliminary analysis of the entire observation period for fires suggests that 2021 may be the next year after 2003 and 2012 an abnormal year in terms of forest fire and the amount of direct fire Carbon emissions into the atmosphere.

New Algorithm for Conservative Treatment of Patients with Keratoconus

The purpose of our study was to substantiate and evaluate the effectiveness of the conservative method of treating keratoconus in the early stages of the development of the disease. Patients and methods. The study of the effectiveness of the proposed method for the conservative treatment of keratoconus was performed on clinical material obtained by monitoring 39 patients (75 eyes) with a diagnosis of keratoconus stage I–III for at least 10 years. Every 4–6 months, all patients underwent an ophthalmological examination — visometry, autorefractometry, keratometry, keratotopography, pachymetry, biomicroscopy. Along with the study of the ophthalmic status of the patients, cardiointervalography was performed before starting conservative treatment. The assessment of vegetative homeostasis was performed using the Mustang-Diagnost device of the Technika company (Russia). Results. All patients observed by us were matched with corneal or corneoscleral gas-permeable contact lenses of various models and manufacturers. According to cardiointervalography, in 97 % of our patients vegetative dysfunction was determined, while in 85 % and all examined, a significant predominance of sympatheticotonic neurotrophic regulatory processes was determined. At the first stage of the conservative treatment of keratoconus pharmacological agents were selected. They potentiate cholinergic neurotrophic regulatory effects and activate aerobic processes in the tissues of the eyeball. The next step was the potentiation of sympathicotonic (ergotropic) neurotrophic regulatory processes. Treatment was carried out during the entire observation period, alternating complexes of preparations for 60 days. An increase in diopter strength along the steep meridian was noted in patients with keratoconus of all stages. In the group of patients with stage I keratoconus in 4 eyes out of 16, in patients with stage II disease in 7 eyes out of 35, in stage III patients in 7 eyes out of 24. Opposite, a study of the KISA % index in all observed patients showed a decrease in the coefficient values. Conclusions. The combination of therapeutic factors into tonic (trophotropic, anabolic) and phase (ergotropic, catabolic) regulatory blocks, taking into account their mutual neurodynamic synergism and in accordance with the phase nature of biorhythmogenesis of reparative processes, makes it possible to prevent the progression of keratoconus. The use of the treatment complex developed by us, which includes therapeutic treatment and correction with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, corrects metabolic disorders and stabilizes collagen synthesis, which makes it possible to lay off the surgical treatment of patients with keratoconus.