scholarly journals Ecological and physiological peculiarities of bryophytes on a post-technogenic salinized territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
O. V. Lobachevska ◽  
N. Y. Kyyak ◽  
I. V. Rabyk
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Salicornia Europaea ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Bryum Argenteum ◽  
Storage Area

Taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological structures of bryophytes, their reproductive strategy and the main mechanisms of tolerance in the conditions of salinization were investigated. Bryophytes are the pioneers that have colonized the territory of a tailing storage that holds liquid waste from potassium-magnesium concentrate production of the Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Polymineral". Due to excess salts, the soil solution in the shore area of the tailing pond acquires high osmotic pressure. Three experimental plots which differed significantly in the level of the substrate salinity were laid at the distance of 3, 6 and 9 m from the reservoir for experimental studies. Water extracts of the substrates from the test sites showed the highest concentrations for sulfates – 10.4–64.6 mg Eq/100 g of soil and chlorides – 7.6–43.3 mg Eq/100 g of soil. It was established that the investigated areas of the tailing storage territory differed in the biochemical activity of the substrate, which was evaluated by its redox potential. On the areas of the uncovered substrate it was the lowest – 230 mV, which indicates anaerobiosis in conditions of very high salinization and moisture. Higher ROP values were determined at the sites of bryophyte cover distribution – 295–330 mV. The aim of the study was to determine the features of taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological structures of bryophytes, their reproductive strategy and to establish the main mechanisms of adaptation to the conditions of salinization on the tailing storage territory. 24 species and 3 varieties of bryophytes, belonging to 12 families and 16 genera were found on the shore of the tailing storage pond. The results of biomorphological and ecological analysis of bryophytes indicate the uneven conditions of the habitats and their considerable ecological plasticity. Among the bryophytes, mesophytes, xeromesophytes and meso-eutrophs, eutrophs with a life-form of low dense and loose turf dominated. In salinization conditions, dioicous acrocarpous mosses prevailed, the fertile turf of which, depending on the influence of abiotic factors, differed significantly in the number of sexual shoots, their ratio and productivity. Bulbils were found only on the tips of Bryum argenteum shoots. Along with Salicornia europaea L., a euhalophyte, the leading role in the initial stage of overgrowth of the tailing storage area most often belonged to Didymodon rigidulus, Bryum argenteum, Funaria hygrometrica and Barbula unguiculata. The process of formation of bryophyte cover occurred along a gradient of decrease in salt concentration at the experimental sites. Adaptation of bryophytes to substrate salinity is due to a change in metabolic processes, which is manifested in an increase of the total content of carbohydrates and an increase of the cation exchange capacity of moss cell walls, which is the primary barrier that reduces the toxic effect of ions under salt stress.

Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bleha ◽  
Věra Šumberová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Sorption ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

Sorbent based on modified hydrolysis lignin for the purification of wastewater from oil refineries

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Р.Р. Гималетдинов ◽  
М.Р. Усманов ◽  
С.Ф. Валеев ◽  
В.В. Бодров ◽  
К.Г. Паскару ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Open Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Dynamic Exchange

Представлены результаты исследований применения сорбента «SynergySorb® ПС-1000» на основе модифицированного гидролизного лигнина для очистки сточных вод крупных нефтеперерабатывающих предприятий. За счет развитой системы микро- и мезопор сорбент эффективно поглощает легкие фракции углеводородов, снижая общее содержание нефтепродуктов в сточной воде и интенсивность запаха вблизи открытых очистных сооружений. Полная динамическая обменная емкость сорбента по нефтепродуктам составила 0,605 г/г при фильтрации сточных вод одного из крупных российских нефтеперерабатывающих заводов. Средняя эффективность очистки до проскока нефтепродуктов составила 94%, интенсивность запаха воды в результате испытаний снижена с 5 до 2 баллов. Отработанный сорбент «SynergySorb® ПС-1000» относится к 4 классу опасности (малоопасный) по показателям токсичности и экотоксичности The results of studies of using SynergySorb® PS-1000 sorbent based on modified hydrolysis lignin for the purification of wastewater from large oil refineries are presented. Owing to the developed system of micro- and mesopores, the sorbent effectively absorbs light fractions of hydrocarbons, thus reducing the total content of oil products in wastewater and the intensity of odor near open treatment facilities. The total dynamic exchange capacity of the sorbent for oil products was 0.605 g/g while filtering wastewater from one of the largest Russian oil refineries. The average treatment efficiency before the breakthrough of oil products was 94%, the intensity of effluent odor as a result of tests was reduced from 5 to 2 points. Spent SynergySorb® PS-1000 sorbent belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard) in terms of toxicity and ecotoxicity.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals The limiting factors for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia Shreber, 1776) on the territory of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Kuksin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
Cattle Breeders

The paper presents the influence of limiting factors for the population of the snow leopard on the territory of Tuva (Republic of Tuva, Russia). It describes biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors to irbis. The author examines the role and degree of each factor of this influence. The paper represents literature sources and the authors field research work data for the period 20012019. The study was carried out on the territory of the Chikhacheva, Tsagan-Shibetu, Shapshalskiy Ranges and Sangilen Highlands, that are permanent habitats for the snow leopard. On the studied territories the anthropogenic influence such as hunting, extension of highways, cattle farms and the number of livestock increases in the high mountain ecosystems. All this leads to an increase of disturbance factor, a displacement from traditional habitats of wild animals, especially the irbis food items, so it is forcing the snow leopard to rely more on livestock for food. As a result the cattle breeders sometimes kill snow leopards in retaliation for attacking their livestock. The paper demonstrates data of all known incidents of the snow leopard death and finds of cadavers within the studied region which shows that 74% of all incidents are the fault of people for destroying this rare animal. So it proves that the anthropogenic factor plays a leading role in the death of snow leopard among others. Keywords: irbis; snow leopard; ecology; Tuva; Republic of Tuva; limiting factors; biotic factors; abiotic factors; anthropogenic factors; disturbance factor; causes of death of irbis; diseases of irbis; competitors of irbis; snow leopard attacks on livestock.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic and mineral fertilisation on selected physico-chemical soil properties in rye monoculture and five-year crop rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Stępień ◽  
Monika Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Chemical Soil

Abstract The research was carried out continuously since 1923 in a permanent fertilisation experiment at the Experimental Station of SGGW in Skierniewice. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of long-term fertilisation (Ca, CaNPK, NPK) and crop rotation systems (rye monoculture without fertilisation with manure and five-field rotation with legume crop and manure fertilisation) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term fertilisation caused various degrees of change in many physio-chemical properties in three soil horizons (Ap, Eet, Bt): pH in KCl, cation exchange capacity, total exchangeable bases, base saturation, content of carbon, nitrogen and mineral forms of nitrogen (NO3, NH4) as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The combined manure and mineral fertilisation increased the sorption capacity, total exchangeable bases, base cation saturation and total content of C and N in comparison to organic or mineral fertilisation. As a result of lime application, an increase in these parameters was determined with the exception of total contents of carbon and nitrogen, showing no differences or a decrease. A positive effect was confirmed in five-field crop rotation, which improves physicochemical soil properties in comparison to cereal monoculture. The C:N ratio narrows down with growing depth because more nitrogen than carbon migrates down the soil profile.

scholarly journals Estratégia Reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) e Atividades de Forrageio dos seus Visitantes Florais

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Abreu Tavares ◽  
João Cloves Stanzani Dutra ◽  
Leandro Pereira Polatto ◽  
Valter Vieira Alves Junior ◽  
Edmar de Souza Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Pollination Methods ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Um fator indispensável na manutenção da produtividade agrícola é a polinização. Entre os vários agentes polinizadores, os insetos são considerados os principais agentes atuantes na polinização da maioria das culturas. O trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a estratégia reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) a partir da análise dos métodos de polinização utilizados pela planta e do registro da diversidade e comportamento dos visitantes florais. Para avaliar a eficiência dos polinizadores, 10 flores de C. moschata foram etiquetadas para verificar a formação de frutos em condições naturais. Outras 10 flores foram envolvidas em sacos impermeáveis para impedir o contato com os insetos visitantes. Os insetos foram coletados diretamente nas flores, das 7:00 h às 11:15 h, durante 15 minutos de cada hora, anotando-se os valores de temperatura, luminosidade, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. O sucesso reprodutivo de C. moschata depende de polinizadores, uma vez que o isolamento reprodutivo das flores não permitiu a formação de fruto. A ordem mais abundante foi Diptera, seguida por Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera e Lepidoptera. Os polinizadores efetivos de C. moschata foram representados por espécies de abelhas de porte corporal grande: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug e Bombus sp. Essas espécies visitaram as flores para coletar néctar e pólen. Os fatores abióticos tiveram pouca influencia nas atividades de forrageio dos visitantes florais. Reproductive Strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) and Foraging Activities of their Floral Visitors Abstract. An essential factor in maintaining agricultural productivity is pollination. Among the various pollinators, the insects are considered the main active agents in pollination of most cultures. The work aimed to understand the reproductive strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) through analysis of the pollination methods used by the plant and the record of the diversity and behavior of floral visitors. To assess the efficiency of pollinators, 10 flowers of C. moschata were labeled to check the formation of fruit under natural conditions. Other 10 flowers were wrapped in waterproof bags to prevent contact with visiting insects. The insects were collected directly in the flowers, from 07:00 to 11:15 am, during 15 minutes of every hour, recording the values of temperature, luminosity, relative humidity and wind speed. The reproductive success of C. moschata depends on pollinators, since the reproductive isolation of the flowers did not allow the formation of fruit. The most abundant order was Diptera, followed by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The effective pollinators of C. moschata were represented by species of bees of large body size: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug and Bombus sp. These species visited the flowers to collect nectar and pollen. The abiotic factors had little influence on foraging activities of floral visitors.

scholarly journals Availability of Trace Elements in Soil with Simulated Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Pollution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Rolka ◽  
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Availability Factor ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Physicochemical Soil Properties ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The research was based on a pot experiment in which the impact of increasing Cd, Zn and Pb doses on the content of available trace elements in soil was compared. Seven series of trials were designed: 1 (Cd), 2 (Pb), 3 (Zn), 4 (Cd + Pb), 5 (Cd + Zn), 6 (Pb + Zn), 7 (Cd + Pb + Zn). Aside from the control one (without the metals), three increasing levels of contamination were considered within each series. Mobile forms of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr) in soil were determined, in addition to which selected physicochemical soil properties—reaction (pH), salinity (EC), hydrolytic acidity (HAC), total exchange bases (TEB)—were identified while cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS) and availability factor (AF) were calculated. The application of Cd and Pb to soil resulted in an increase in the share of potentially available forms of these metals in their total content. The availability factor (AF) in the pots polluted with these metals was higher than in the control, in the range 17.5–20.0% for Cd, and 62.8–71.5% for Pb. In turn, the share of Zn mobile forms was comparable in most experimental objects, oscillating around 30%. Moreover, addition to soil of Cd, Pb and Zn usually caused a significant decrease in the content of available forms of Fe, Mn and Cu, and resulted in significantly higher content of available forms of Cr in the soil.

scholarly journals Functional state of an organism of freshwater fish under the influence of abiotic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
O. V. Honcharova ◽  
R. P. Paranjak ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Unconventional Method

The purpose of the work was to conduct a scientific and experimental analysis of the study of the functional state of the organism of hydrobionts while growing in recirculation of aquaculture systems using an unconventional method of water treatment, which was used in the formation of feed forage for their feeding. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of aquatic bioresources and aquaculture of the Biotechnology Faculty of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University and the Scientific and Experimental Center “Aquatic Biodiversity and Aquaculture of the Pre Dnieper” of the Dniprovsky State Agrarian and Economic University. The practical part of the work consisted of several stages: the formation of the preparatory period (obtaining the breeding culture of phytoplankton and zooplankton, cultivation on different environments in order to establish an optimal scheme); obtaining of fish planting material and determination of fish objects for experiment; staging of the experiment (conducting research on feeding natural food of different processing of mother-crops). Scientific and experimental studies on the study of the functional state of the organism of hydrobionts when cultivated in the PAC with the use of an unconventional method of processing fodder mixed with their feeding give grounds to note the positive impact on its qualitative and functional characteristics. Investigation of the morpho-functional status of blood of freshwater fish on the background of the use of the proposed method for processing fodder mixed with fertilization in the early stages of ontogeny showed that stimulation of erythropoiesis, activation of protein metabolism in the organism of hydrobionts within the limits of the physiological norm occurs in the experimental group. The combination of several rapid methods (GRU) makes it possible to provide comprehensive research and acquires scientific and practical value, since the study of the physiological state of the object of biotesting against the background of the use of various factors involves the implementation of an entire chain of sequential research.

scholarly journals Effect of cervical spinal cord ischemia on gastrointestinal function

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
M. K. Mikhailov ◽  
R. F. Akberov ◽  
V. V. Fattakhov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Tract Function

In the available literature, we did not find any works devoted to the influence of cervical spinal cord ischemia on gastrointestinal tract function. Since ischemia of the spinal cord structures, hypothalamus and vegetative centers plays the leading role in the occurrence of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, we carried out experimental studies on 11 purebred puppies.

scholarly journals Biotic and abiotic factors associated with soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Ghini ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Boechat Morandi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Abiotic Variables

Crop management may modify soil characteristics, and as a consequence, alter incidence of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. This study evaluated the suppressiveness to R. solani in 59 soil samples from a microbasin. Soil sampling areas included undisturbed forest, pasture and fallow ground areas, annual crops, perennial crops, and ploughed soil. The soil samples were characterized according to abiotic variables (pH; electrical conductivity; organic matter content; N total; P; K; Ca; Mg; Al; H; S; Na; Fe; Mn; Cu; Zn; B; cation exchange capacity; sum of bases and base saturation) and biotic variables (total microbial activity evaluated by the CO2 evolution and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis; culturable bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes, protozoa, fluorescent Pseudomonas and Fusarium spp. communities). The contribution and relationships of these variables to suppression to R. solani were assessed by path analysis. When all samples were analyzed together, only abiotic variables correlated with suppression of R. solani, but the entire set of variables explained only 51% of the total variation. However, when samples were grouped and analyzed by vegetation cover, the set of evaluated variables in all cases accounted for more than 90% of the variation in suppression of the pathogen. In highly suppressive soils of forest and pasture/fallow ground areas, several abiotic variables and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis correlated with suppression of R. solani and the set of variables explained more than 98% of suppressiveness.

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