scholarly journals Pontine demyelination as a late complication of resolved mild COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Nouran Eshak ◽  
Mahmoud Abdelnabi ◽  
Roy Jacob ◽  
Drew Payne
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Olfactory Tract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cerebrovascular Stroke ◽  
The Brain

Previous case reports have demonstrated COVID-19 related neurotropism. Neural infection may result from trans-lamina cribrosa invasion that allows COVID-19 to reach the brain through the olfactory tract. A wide range of symptoms from headaches, anosmia, dysgeusia to neuropathy, encephalitis, cerebrovascular stroke, and rarely demyelination has been reported. Here, we report a case of pontine demyelination causing generalized weakness as a rare neurological complication in a COVID-19 survivor. Our case highlights that even mild and moderate COVID-19 infection can have late neurological sequelae. Keywords: COVID-19, demyelination, neurological complications, corticosteroids

scholarly journals Epileptic seizures in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of early evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
B Roy ◽  
I Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions

Background: Global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 surfaced neurological complications amongst the patients. COVID-19 resembles with other coronavirus strains follows a trend of neurological complication, damage and encephalopathy, which entails considerable risks, requires attention for the neurologists. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of the literature to investigate solely to elucidate the seizure spectrum by unfolding epileptogenicity of the SARS CoV-2 and potential pathways of neuroinvasion. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase database following standard guidelines, using specific keywords based on epileptic seizure onset described from December 01, 2019, to July 17, 2020 Results: A total of 17 studies were included ranging from case reports, series of cases, multicentre cross-sectional study with the first-time onset of seizure associated with an epileptic origin. We excavated causes of complex COVID-19 related neurological manifestations, e.g., cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis, demyelinating lesions, cytokine storm and proposed routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the nervous system to understand the mechanism of an epileptic seizure. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a potent neuropathogen which causes the new onset of epileptic seizures should get diagnostic recognition to evade possible deterioration of neurological conditions. However, more shreds of evidence from the future will further elucidate the epileptogenic potential of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations associated with COVID- 19: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Yasmim Berni Ferreira ◽  
Flávia Maria Ramos Freire ◽  
Victor Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Isadora Mônica Ponte De Oliveira ◽  
Lara Maria de Oliveira Paiva Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Brain

The knowledge of the spinal cord irrigation is important for the therapeutic planning "COVID-19" is a potentially serious, highly transmissible infectious disease that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 can evolve asymptomatically, with respiratory symptoms or with systemic manifestations affecting, for example, the nervous system. This review aims to discuss the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, citing the prevalence of each. This study analyzed scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021 in the PubMed database. More than 35% of patients who contract the novel coronavirus develop neurological symptoms. SARS-CoV enters the brain mainly through the olfactory bulb and spreads rapidly via transneuronal route to other related areas such as cerebellum, insula, encephalon, vessels and nerves, and the brain parenchyma itself. This causes manifestations in the CNS (dizziness and ataxias), PNS (anosmia and ageusia), and the musculoskeletal system. Given existing knowledge of other coronaviruses and respiratory viruses, the wide range of CNS and PNS associations with COVID-19 is not surprising, and this is the focus of most current reports. Neurological complications, particularly encephalitis and stroke, can cause lifelong disability, requiring long-term care and substantial costs in the social and economic sphere.

scholarly journals Neurological Involvement in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Opancina ◽  
Kristijan Krstic ◽  
Predrag Sazdanovic ◽  
Nebojsa Zdravkovic ◽  
Ruzica Radojevic Marjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Common Target

The respiratory system is the most common target of COVID-19, however, various experimental studies and case reports have shown its affinity for neural tissues. In this chapter, we described pathogenesis and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the nervous system, potential routes of the SARS-CoV-2 invasion in the brain, as well as indirect effects of COVID-19 on multiorgan disorders. We have also presented all of the reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 with an explanation of possible underlying pathways. Among patients who tested positive on SARS-CoV-2, various neurological irregularities have been described, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In general, neurological complications in COVID-19 patients occur within 1 and 14 days, in most cases on average on the 5th day of the incubation period. We have demonstrated all of the reported neurological findings, whereas the most commonly reported were headache, dizziness, myalgia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, and impaired consciousness. More serious neurological conditions in COVID-19 included meningitis, encephalitis, and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

scholarly journals MR Detection of Dilated Deep Medullary Veins in Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas with retrograde Leptomeningeal Venous Drainage

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Chan ◽  
K.M. Cheng ◽  
J.Y.L. Cheung ◽  
F.W.T. Lee ◽  
K.W. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Intracerebral Haematoma ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Medullary Veins

Patients with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) are at higher risk of developing neurological deficits when there is retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage. Our aim is to demonstrate the presence of dilated deep medullary veins in the brain on magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in this group of patients, and to assess their clinical significance. Nine patients with angiographically proven DAVF associated with leptomeningeal venous drainage who had MR before treatment were studied. MR was performed in at least two orthogonal planes before and after gadolinium administration. The dural fistula was located at the cavernous sinus in five patients, at the transverse-sigmoid sinus in three and at the tentorium in one. Dilated deep medullary veins were noted in six patients. Of these, four showed parenchymal abnormalities which included intracerebral haematoma, venous infarction, brain oedema and T2 hyper-intensity in brainstem. Venous varix was present in one patient. No neurological complication or parenchymal change was observed in the three patients without dilated deep medullary veins. Therefore, in patients with intracranial DAVF associated with leptomeningeal venous recruitment, the MR finding of dilated deep medullary veins suggests a more severe degree of venous hypertension and congestion in the brain. This subgroup of patients has a much higher chance of neurological complications and warrants urgent intervention.

scholarly journals Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Associated With COVID-19 Infection—A Case Report and Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 251660852110698
Author(s):  
Shamik Shah ◽  
Urvish Patel ◽  
Neev Mehta ◽  
Pratik Shingru
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large number of systemic complications including a variety of neurological complications. Some of the neurological complications are not known. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a known acute neurotoxic syndrome causing a wide range of neurological symptoms. If remains untreated, it can potentially become a life-threatening condition. However, it is not a known neurological complication of COVID-19. We describe a presentation of PRES in a patient with positive COVID-19 and presented with altered mental status. A 78-year-old male with history of idiopathic epilepsy was initially admitted with respiratory illness with negative COVID-19 test. Later during his hospitalization, his respiratory condition got worse and his repeat COVID-19 test came back positive. He had continued encephalopathy and was found to have status epilepticus afterward. Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain showed extensive PRES-related changes. His blood pressure remained overall within control without significant fluctuations. No other apparent etiology was identified for PRES except for possible correlation with COVID-19. Clinicians should consider PRES early in their differential diagnoses in patients with severe COVID-19 with continued encephalopathy.

scholarly journals An uncommon case of venomous snake bite complicated by intracranial haemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Anant Parasher ◽  
Prabhat Gautam Roy ◽  
Soumya Inamadar
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Uncommon Case

Snake bite is a widespread and neglected public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, where rural populations are mainly affected. Although venomous snake bite may lead to a wide range of complications, life-threatening neurological complications such as Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) are rare and infrequently documented in literature. Here we discuss the case of a 64-year-old man who developed ICH following a viper bite, and the neurological sequelae that followed after management.

scholarly journals Encephalopathy with Staphylococcal Endocarditis: Multiple Neuropathological Findings

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Weeks ◽  
C.J. Doig ◽  
C. Silva ◽  
R.N. Auer ◽  
C. Power ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Adenosine A1 ◽  
Gfap Immunoreactivity ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysms ◽  
A1 Receptor ◽  
The Brain

Background:Infective endocarditis is associated with serious neurological sequelae.Objective:Here, we report a patient with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, secondary to congenital heart disease, with subacute onset of multiple neurological complications.Results:Despite prompt antibiotic treatment with rapid sterilization of blood cultures, the patient died with brain herniation within 96 hours of admission. Neuropathological examination showed intraparenchymal hemorrhages, mycotic aneurysms, micro-abscesses and septic arteritis with accompanying infarction. Immunocytochemical studies revealed enhanced CD45 and GFAP immunoreactivity, together with adenosine A1 receptor detection on macrophages and microglia.Conclusion:Infective endocarditis is associated with multiple neuropathological lesions, which may contribute to its poor clinical outcome and activation of cells of monocyte-microglial lineage throughout the brain.

scholarly journals Cerebral malaria: a lethal complication of a common tropical infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Anant Parasher ◽  
Rupak Chowdhary ◽  
Jeplin Bez
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Antimalarial Therapy

Cerebral malaria (CM) represents a deadly neurological complication associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection. It is defined as an unarousable coma or a deep level of unconsciousness in the presence of a P. falciparum parasitemia, the diagnosis confirmed after exclusion of other common causes of coma such as hypoglycemia, septicemia, metabolic derangements and bacterial and viral meningitis/encephalopathies. Mortality is high and some surviving patients sustain neuronal injury which manifests as long-term neuro-cognitive impairments. Microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood smears remains the gold standard for confirmation of malaria diagnosis. The purpose of this review was to summarize the updated knowledge on the disease, its presentation, complications and neurological sequelae and the presently available newer and experimental adjuvant therapies. For this review, a PubMed search was conducted for articles and case reports from 1968 to 2020 containing the keywords cerebral malaria, P. falciparum, neurological impairment, neurocognitive defects and artesunate combination therapy. The treatment includes specific antimalarial therapy, supportive therapy for multi-organ dysfunction and management of associated complications. Prompt and rapid stabilization of the patient, adequate fluid supplementation and correction of electrolyte imbalance remain the most vital supplementary interventions in these cases, along with early induction of primary parenteral antimalarial therapy in the form of artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) or quinine. Neurological sequelae including seizures are frequently observed in many treated and recovered cases, with some patients having to endure long term neurocognitive defects.

scholarly journals Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with Tacrolimus in Cardiac Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Julián Alejandro Rivillas ◽  
Stephania Galindo-Coral ◽  
Francisco Arias-Mora ◽  
Juan David Lopez-Ponce de Leon ◽  
Noel Alberto Florez-Alarcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
First Year ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Background. Neurological complications occur between 50 and 70% of patients with heart transplantation, including cerebrovascular events, infections, seizures, encephalopathy, and neurotoxicity due to pharmacological immunosuppression. Mortality associated with cerebrovascular complications is 7.5% in the first 30 days and up to 5.3% after the first month and up to the first year after transplantation. Case Reports. Three heart-transplanted patients (2 men and 1 woman) treated with tacrolimus were identified. They presented with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome on days 5, 6, and 58 posttransplantation, respectively. In these reported cases, no sequelae were observed at 6 months follow-up. Conclusions. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a neurological complication in patients with HT occurred early after the procedure. Early diagnosis and treatment might reduce the risk of serious complications and mortality.

Severe Head Injury linked to Subsequent Development of Malignant Brain Tumour within a Short Period- A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumour ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Brain

There have been a few case reports of head injury leading to brain tumour development in the same region as the brain injury. Here we report a case where the patient suffered a severe head injury with contusion. He recovered clinically with conservative management. Follow up Computed Tomography scan of the brain a month later showed complete resolution of the lesion. He subsequently developed malignant brain tumour in the same region as the original contusion within a very short period of 15 months. Head injury patients need close follow up especially when severe. The link between severity of head injury and malignant brain tumour development needs further evaluation. Role of anti-inflammatory agents for prevention of post traumatic brain tumours needs further exploration.

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