scholarly journals Econometric Analysis of the Factors of Long-term Unemployment in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Dominik Śliwicki
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Negative Phenomena

Long-term unemployment that is lasting more than twelve months,a phenomenon described by the theory of economics as a manifestation of a permanentimbalance between labor supply and demand for labor. In fact, it bringsthe same negative effects both in terms of economic, social and individual sphere.As a result, it leads to the formation of pejorative phenomena and behavior. Tocounter these negative phenomena, public employment services in its terms ofreference have the early detection of people at risk of long-term unemployment andto take preventive measures.The purpose of this article is to present logit econometric models defining thefactors which have a significant impact on long-term unemployment. These modelscan be used to predict the probability of long-term unemployment at the microlevel, ie for a single person. Due to the fact that the survey methodology are two definitions of unemployment – the first by the methodology of the Labour ForceSurvey, the second according to the law on employment promotion and labor marketinstitutions, one presented two models describing the probability of long-termunemployment and a comparative analysis.

scholarly journals The DEA Method and its Application Possibilities for Measuring Efficiency in the Public Sector—The Case of Local Public Employment Services

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Monika Dędys ◽  
Maria Ekes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Unemployed

Public Employment Services (PES) are identified as important institutions in the process of improving the match between supply and demand in the labor market, which, despite their importance, still do not achieve the desired efficiency. The indicated problem is partly due to the lack of appropriate evaluation methods for the applied labor market policy instruments. This paper aims to verify the possibility of using the two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in measuring the efficiency of public sector entities. The authors focused on 39 PES operating in Mazovia province, Poland in 2019. In the first stage, the model of technical efficiency of local PES included six variables (four inputs and two outputs). Only seven PES obtained full efficiency. The inefficiency of analyzed PES varied from about 1% to 80%. In the second stage, the attention focuses on the relationship between true unknown efficiency and its determinants (five environmental variables, both demand and supply oriented). Then, the regression coefficients and confidence intervals showed that three out of five variables influence the efficiency results, the share of the long-term unemployed, the share of the unemployed under 30, and the share of the unemployed over 50 in the total number of unemployed.

Long-term unemployed in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Ewa Flaszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Unemployed

The COVID-19 pandemic has not significantly affected the increase in unemployment, including the change in the structure of long-term unemployment. Long-term unemployment increases with some delay after the recession. This article analyses the changes in the situation of long-term unemployed people in Poland before and during the COVID-2019 pandemic, presents actions taken at that time by employment and social services, and presents recommendations for the future, considering information collected from employees of poviat labour offices. In Poland, the reasons for the persistence of a relatively high level of long-term unemployment in general may include the following factors: registration in labour offices of people who, mainly for health reasons, are not ready to participate in processes of restoring the ability to work, a limited amount of funds allocated to activation of the unemployed activities and, finally, the lack of mechanisms rewarding the public employment services (PES) for bringing the long-term unemployed back to the labour market.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends and Policy Challenges in Chilean Agricultural Labor Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-232
Author(s):  
Gustavo Anriquez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand

This paper identifies the major long-term trends in agricultural labor markets in Chile. The document shows the increasing aging, feminization, and seasonality of the agricultural labor force. Long-term projections are made regarding the evolution of labor supply and demand based on demographic and economic trends. These projections suggest the continuation of the already existing trends of a decreasing supply of labor and an increasing demand for agricultural labor, mostly driven by the substitution of crops into labor-intensive but higher-value export crops. Hence, the paper predicts a continuation of the trend of rapidly increasing labor costs in agriculture. The paper discusses the challenges imposed on farmers and policy-makers of confronting these rapidly growing labor costs by continually raising farm labor productivity.

Outreach Practices of Public Employment Services Targeted at NEET Youth in Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110582
Author(s):  
Mateusz Smoter
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Effective Functioning

This paper contributes to our understanding of whether, and if so, how public employment services in Poland are attempting to reach young NEETs, and whether they fail or succeed in their efforts. The study shows that most NEETs below 25 years of age in Poland, including rural NEETs, remain beyond the reach of the PES registers. The coverage rate is particularly low amongst those individuals who are outside the labor force. Effective outreach strategies may prevent them from moving into long-term inactivity. The study shows that the PES offices do not cooperate closely with local institutions: moreover, they use methods for approaching the hardest-to-reach individuals and residents of remote areas infrequently. The article discusses the obstacles to the effective functioning of the PES, the factors that contribute to the PES’ successes and failures, and the consequences for young NEETs of remaining outside of institutional support systems.

scholarly journals Predictive Algorithms in the Delivery of Public Employment Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Körtner ◽  
Giuliano Bonoli
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Predictive Algorithms ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Fairness Concerns ◽  
History Of

With the growing availability of digital administrative data and the recent advances in machine learning, the use of predictive algorithms in the delivery of labour market policy is becoming more prevalent. In public employment services (PES), predictive algorithms are used to support the classification of jobseekers based on their risk of long-term unem- ployment (profiling), the selection of beneficial active labour market programs (targeting), and the matching of jobseekers to suitable job opportunities (matching). In this chapter, we offer a conceptual introduction to the applications of predictive algorithms for the different functions PES have to fulfil and review the history of their use up to the current state of the practice. In addition, we discuss two issues that are inherent to the use of predictive algorithms: algorithmic fairness concerns and the importance of considering how caseworkers will interact with algorithmic systems and make decisions based on their predictions.

scholarly journals Ramadan Observance during Pregnancy in Germany: a Challenge for Prenatal Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (07) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Leimer ◽  
Fabienne Pradella ◽  
Anja Fruth ◽  
Annette Queißer ◽  
Reyn van Ewijk
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Introduction Fasting during Ramadan while pregnant has been shown to have long-term negative effects on the offspringʼs physical and cognitive health. Even though most Muslims do not believe pregnant women are obligated to fast during Ramadan, fasting rates of up to 87% have been reported for pregnant women. No data exists to date about Ramadan adherence and behavior in Germany. Methods The Mainz Study of Ramadan and Pregnancy surveyed pregnant Muslims and new Muslim mothers in Mainz between October 2016 and January 2017 and collected information on Ramadan adherence and behavior. We also collected data on personal characteristics and opinions, to identify determinants of fasting using statistical analysis. Results We found that 43% of pregnant Muslim women fasted at least one day during Ramadan 2016. Women who fasted were significantly younger and less educated. There was no significant difference in terms of country of origin between those women who fasted and those who did not. Only 49% of women who fasted and 38% of women who did not fast discussed their Ramadan behavior with their doctor. Less than 2% of women reported being proactively approached by their doctor. Conclusion To ensure that pregnant Muslim women living in Germany can make their fasting decision based on objective information, it is necessary to raise awareness about Ramadan fasting during pregnancy among medical professionals in Germany.

scholarly journals Economic Competition, Sustainability, and Survival Endurance: the Extinction of the Dodo, the Easter Island Case, and the Tragedy of the Commons Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Pedro Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Viability ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Commons ◽  
And Behavior

A fast developing industry worldwide, tourism demands a monumental extent of resources, and at times devastates and condemns the very own environments that are fundamental to the economic survival of organizations and the sustainability of travel destinations. The purpose of the study is to link three established scientific themes on survival and sustainability to empirical results in the field of economic decision and behavior. The discussion of this link may also represent the originality value of the paper. Departing from the results of a series of decision games obtained under a quasi-experimental design, behavioral patterns were analyzed and extrapolated to explore the terminal effects of competition trends on the survival and economic viability of organizations and travel destinations in restricted environments. The findings show that the identified competition tendency neutralized an important share of the economic potential offered by the decision game, with significant negative effects on the economic efficiency. If persistent, the competition tendency is expected to produce long term effects on the sustainability and economic survival of organizations and travel destinations in restricted environments.

scholarly journals Short and Long Term Evaluations of Public Employment Services in Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Naticchioni, ◽  
Silvia Loriga,
Keyword(s):  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Short And Long Term

If I Had Something to Add, I Would

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Lindquist ◽  
Emily E. Adams ◽  
Joseph A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Job Attitudes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meeting Effectiveness ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Abstract. Most employees participate in workplace meetings, and their experiences in meetings can vary greatly, which can lead to positive or negative effects on both job attitudes and behavior. In this study, we examined the effect that a meeting attendee’s competence in the meeting topic had on their participation in the meeting and their perception of meeting effectiveness. Results indicated those with higher levels of competence in the meeting topic were more likely to participate and through participation found their meeting more effective; this relationship was stronger when employee dissent in the meetings was high. Leaders should ensure that those who are present in a meeting are competent in the topic of the meeting and encourage them to participate.

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