The DEA Method and its Application Possibilities for Measuring Efficiency in the Public Sector—The Case of Local Public Employment Services

Public Employment Services (PES) are identified as important institutions in the process of improving the match between supply and demand in the labor market, which, despite their importance, still do not achieve the desired efficiency. The indicated problem is partly due to the lack of appropriate evaluation methods for the applied labor market policy instruments. This paper aims to verify the possibility of using the two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in measuring the efficiency of public sector entities. The authors focused on 39 PES operating in Mazovia province, Poland in 2019. In the first stage, the model of technical efficiency of local PES included six variables (four inputs and two outputs). Only seven PES obtained full efficiency. The inefficiency of analyzed PES varied from about 1% to 80%. In the second stage, the attention focuses on the relationship between true unknown efficiency and its determinants (five environmental variables, both demand and supply oriented). Then, the regression coefficients and confidence intervals showed that three out of five variables influence the efficiency results, the share of the long-term unemployed, the share of the unemployed under 30, and the share of the unemployed over 50 in the total number of unemployed.

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Long-term unemployed in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic

Praca Socjalna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.0731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 17-34

Author(s):

Ewa Flaszyńska

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Social Services ◽

Public Employment ◽

Ability To Work ◽

Employment Services ◽

Unemployed People ◽

The Public ◽

High Level ◽

The Unemployed

The COVID-19 pandemic has not significantly affected the increase in unemployment, including the change in the structure of long-term unemployment. Long-term unemployment increases with some delay after the recession. This article analyses the changes in the situation of long-term unemployed people in Poland before and during the COVID-2019 pandemic, presents actions taken at that time by employment and social services, and presents recommendations for the future, considering information collected from employees of poviat labour offices. In Poland, the reasons for the persistence of a relatively high level of long-term unemployment in general may include the following factors: registration in labour offices of people who, mainly for health reasons, are not ready to participate in processes of restoring the ability to work, a limited amount of funds allocated to activation of the unemployed activities and, finally, the lack of mechanisms rewarding the public employment services (PES) for bringing the long-term unemployed back to the labour market.

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Bien agiter avant l’emploi. De l’activation des politiques d’emploi à l’agitation des chômeurs

Social Science Information ◽

10.1177/0539018419882547 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 566-588

Author(s):

Jean-François Orianne ◽

Laura Beuker

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Reform Process ◽

Public Employment ◽

Job Seekers ◽

Employment Services ◽

The Public ◽

Labor Market Intermediaries ◽

Market Intermediaries

By articulating a pragmatic approach of the labor market intermediaries with a systemic approach of the interactions at the State’s counters, the authors study the follow-up and accompaniment procedure of jobseekers in Belgium, within three public employment services. This procedure appears today as the most successful realization of a reform process, within the employment policies, that is still in progress since the middle of the 1990, under the influence of the European institutions (the European employment strategy). The authors analyze the role of the National Employment Office’s facilitators, the agents who are in charge of the jobseekers’ following-up procedure, that is the control of their effort to find a job. They also focus on the role of the employment counselors of two regional public services by showing that the employability – the official target of the activation policies – operate as a way to speak abstractly of employment and unemployment, as a way to sustain and to intensify the communication at the State’s counters. The action of the labor market intermediaries, qualified by the authors as a moral enterprise, can be characterized by its self-referential nature: to socialize the job seekers, to make them sensitive to the norms and standards of employability that are at stake in the three public employment services. According to the authors, the ‘labor market’ acts as a fiction: a simplified reconstruction of the world of work, within the political system, that serve as a readily available reference for the public action of intermediation.

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Job Grade and Labor Market Information Effects on Simulated Compensation Decisions

Public Personnel Management ◽

10.1177/009102609602500307 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 343-350

Author(s):

Bernadette M. Racicot ◽

Dennis Doverspike ◽

Jeffrey S. Hornsby ◽

Neil M.A. Hauenstein

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Public Sector ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

General Context ◽

Market Information ◽

Job Evaluation ◽

Information Effects ◽

The Public ◽

Market Factors ◽

Market Factor

A study was conducted with personnel managers to examine the relative emphasis placed on job evaluation factors (job grade) and labor market factors (supply and demand of qualified applicants) in determining salary allocation for nine hypothetical job classifications. The results indicated that the job evaluation factors were consistently given more weight than the labor market factor in the salary allocation task. Implications of the findings were discussed within the general context of the problem of defining “market factors” in the public sector.

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Projecting health labor market dynamics for a health system in transition: planning for a resilient health workforce in Saudi Arabia

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-021-00747-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tracy Kuo Lin ◽

Tim A. Bruckner ◽

Taghred Alghaith ◽

Mariam M. Hamza ◽

Mohammed Alluhidan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Labor Market ◽

Public Sector ◽

Health System ◽

Health Workforce ◽

Health Workers ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

The Public ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Policy Scenarios

Abstract Background Health workforce planning is critical for health systems to safeguard the ability to afford, train, recruit, and retain the appropriate number and mix of health workers. This balance is especially important when macroeconomic structures are also reforming. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is moving toward greater diversification, privatization, and resiliency; health sectorreform is a key pillar of this transition. Methods We used the Ministry of Health Yearbook data on the number of workers and health expenditures from 2007 to 2018 and projected health labor market supply and demand of workers through 2030, evaluated the potential shortages and surpluses, and simulated different policy scenarios to identify relevant interventions. We further focused on projections for health workers who are Saudi nationals and health worker demand within the public sector (versus the private sector) to inform national objectives of reducing dependency on foreign workers and better deploying public sector resources. Results We projected the overall health labor market to demand 9.07 physicians and nurses per 1,000 population (356,514) in 2030; the public sector will account for approximately 67% of this overall demand. Compared to a projected supply of 10.16 physicians and nurses per 1,000 population (399,354), we estimated an overall modest surplus of about 42,840 physicians and nurses in 2030. However, only about 17% of these workers are estimated to be Saudi nationals, for whom there will be a demand shortage of 287,895 workers. Among policy scenarios considered, increasing work hours had the largest effect on reducing shortages of Saudi workers, followed by bridge programs for training more nurses. Government resources can also be redirected to supporting more Saudi nurses while still ensuring adequate numbers of physicians to meet service delivery goals in 2030. Conclusion Despite projected overall balance in the labor market for health workers in 2030, without policy interventions, severe gaps in the Saudi workforce will persist and limit progress toward health system resiliency in Saudi Arabia. Both supply- and demand-side policy interventions should be considered, prioritizing those that increase productivity among Saudi health workers, enhance training for nurses, and strategically redeploy financial resources toward employing these workers.

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Implementation of Public Employment Services in a Philippine Local Government Unit

Philippine Social Science Journal ◽

10.52006/main.v4i3.412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 133-144

Author(s):

Elma B. Bachita ◽

Ma. Johanna Ann R. Bayoneta

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Market Information ◽

Public Employment ◽

Employment Service ◽

Employment Services ◽

The Public ◽

Public Employment Service ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Employment Programs ◽

Employment Agencies

The Public Employment Service Office is responsible for implementing labor market programs to promote full employment and equality of employment services. This study assessed the level of implementation of the services of the public employment service office of a component city in the areas of local employment in terms of labor market information, referral and placement, career and employment coaching, provision of livelihood and employment programs, and special employment in terms of reintegration assistance, employability enhancement, pre-employment counseling, and other services as assessed by local and overseas jobseekers and local business and overseas employment agencies. It also investigated the challenges encountered by the respondents in availing these services. This descriptive-comparative study used a researcher-made survey instrument administered to randomly selected local and overseas job seekers and local and overseas business and employment agencies. Using descriptive and inferential analyses, the study yielded a very high level of implementation which implies that the services by the PESO promoted job generation and addressed unemployment although, a significant difference was revealed in the implementation of labor market information and self-employment programs and services. The study recommended the enactment of local laws to enhance employment facilitation.

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A Theory of Countercyclical Government Multiplier

American Economic Journal Macroeconomics ◽

10.1257/mac.6.1.190 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 190-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Pascal Michaillat

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Public Sector ◽

Labor Supply ◽

Labor Demand ◽

New Keynesian ◽

Crowding Out ◽

New Keynesian Model ◽

Public Employment ◽

The Public ◽

Keynesian Model

I develop a New Keynesian model in which a type of government multiplier doubles when unemployment rises from 5 percent to 8 percent. This multiplier indicates the additional number of workers employed when one worker is hired in the public sector. Graphically, in equilibrium, an upward-sloping quasi-labor supply intersects a downward-sloping labor demand in a (employment, labor market tightness) plane. Increasing public employment stimulates labor demand, which increases tightness and therefore crowds out private employment. Critically, the quasi-labor supply is convex. Hence, when labor demand is depressed and unemployment is high, the increase in tightness and resulting crowding-out are small. (JEL E12, E24, E32, E62)

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Inequality confirmed: institutional exclusion in the interaction between job-centre advisors and unemployed young people

Nordic Journal of Social Research ◽

10.7577/njsr.2085 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Ulla Rantakeisu ◽

Kirsti Kuusela ◽

Lis-Bodil Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Working Class ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Public Employment ◽

Employment Services ◽

The Public ◽

Employment Agency ◽

Working Class Women ◽

And Gender ◽

The Unemployed

Since the 1990s, the pressures on the unemployed have intensified in Sweden owing to increasing demands on individuals to be employable. This article centres on unemployed youths’ experiences of their visits to the public employment services in four Swedish municipalities and how these experiences can be understood against the background of the intersection of social class and gender. A total of 18 unemployed youths were interviewed and their reasoning was compared with their respective employment-agency officers. The analysis shows that the employment agency gives priority to young working-class men over young working-class women and to middle-class youths over working-class youths, respectively. Young working-class women’s wish to combine employment with caregiving is seen as an encumbrance by the employment agency and these women expressed the harshest criticism against the employment agency. When the advisors meet youths who do not correspond with the current expectations and ideals of the labour market, they risk taking part in an institutional process of exclusion of these youngsters.

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Functional Reviews of the Public Employment Services in the Western Balkans

10.1596/35656 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Public Employment ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Employment Services ◽

The Public

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Gewerkschaftssterben in Kolumbien

PROKLA Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft ◽

10.32387/prokla.v33i130.676 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (130) ◽

pp. 51-75

Author(s):

Raul Zelik

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Civil War ◽

Public Sector ◽

Labor Unions ◽

The Public

The persecution of labor unionists by paramilitarian groups, the policy of deregulation of the labor market, and the criminalization of labor unions in the public sector seem to pursue the same strategy, Its aim is the weakening or disappearance of organizations that resist a policy which is friendly to (transnational) capital. The 200 murders that are committed every year against Colombian unionists, in that sense, are not only a result of civil war, The article reads the violence in Colombia as an appearance of globalization process.

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Analysis of Budget Imbalance Dynamics in Kenya

Journal of Economics and Public Finance ◽

10.22158/jepf.v4n4p352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Alex Oguso ◽

Francis M. Mwega ◽

Nelson H. Wawire ◽

Purna Samanta

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Series Data ◽

Fiscal Consolidation ◽

The Public ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Government

Kenya needs substantial and sustained fiscal consolidation to create fiscal space for financing the government’s election pledges, the Vision 2030 development projects, and sustainable development goals. However, the government has found it hard to sustain its fiscal consolidation attempts. This study investigates the fiscal consolidation constraints that act through the budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya using the Olivera-Tanzi effect approach. The study covers the period 2000-2015 using time series data and employs three Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) error correction models in the analysis. The study showed that a rise in the general price levels in the economy, adjustment of minimum wages, rise in perceived levels of corruption in the public sector and the political budget cycles (occurrence of a general election) worsen the budget imbalances (deficits) thus constrain fiscal consolidation efforts in Kenya. The study also demonstrated that budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya could partly be explained by the Olivera-Tanzi proposition. The study recommends measures to reduce the fiscal imbalance gap in Kenya, which include controlling both supply and demand side inflationary pressure and dealing with rent seeking behavior in the public sector.

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