Developing Intelligent Structures and Devices Using Novel Smart Materials and Multi-Material Multi-Method (m4) 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEVIN ROACH ◽  
JANET WONG ◽  
XIAO KUANG ◽  
CRAIG HAMEL ◽  
JOSH KOVITZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Intelligent Structures

Fused filament fabrication: A comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572097062
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
TP Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
View Point ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Smart Composites ◽  
Complex Design

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the low cost additive manufacturing (AM) techniques capable of printing complex design (both with commercial and non-commercial feedstock filaments by using different processing parameters). In this paper a comprehensive review has been prepared on FFF operating capabilities from thermoplastics material’s view point. Various thermoplastic materials and composites available commercially and prepared at laboratory scale have been categorized based upon the reported studies performed (for thermal stability, mechanical properties etc.). It was observed that the nano composite based feed stock filament (prepared at lab scale) have edge over the micro-composites from thermo-mechanical properties view point. Further it has been noticed that the 3D printing is in changing phase and moving towards 4D printing of smart composites and designs. But hitherto little has been reported on printing of smart material with FFF platform. Further studies may be focused on printing of smart materials (both micro and nano composites) with FFF, as the low cost 3D printing solution in different engineering applications.

Optical stereolithography of antifouling zwitterionic hydrogels

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 2855-2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyang Pan ◽  
Thomas J. Wallin ◽  
Jérémy Odent ◽  
Mighten C. Yip ◽  
Bobak Mosadegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels

This paper reports the rapid 3D printing of tough (toughness, UT, up to 141.6 kJ m−3), highly solvated (ϕwater ∼ 60 v/o), and antifouling hybrid hydrogels for potential uses in biomedical, smart materials, and sensor applications, using a zwitterionic photochemistry compatible with stereolithography (SLA).

3D printing will affect global commodity markets

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Printable Electronics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Global Commodity Markets

Subject 3D printing and its ramifications for commodities. Significance General Electric (GE) calls 3D printing "the next industrial revolution". The technique promises to disrupt the manufacturing process, including supply and distribution chains, and to eliminate waste while producing superior and otherwise unmakeable components and reducing marginal costs. 3D printing currently consumes negligible amounts of commodities, but, as adoption expands, it may start affecting commodity supply chains. Impacts Wide adoption of 3D printing will reduce manufacturing waste and idle inventory. 3D printing will enable the development and use of smart materials. Printable electronics could change the usage and functionality of some materials. The potentially limitless customisation of mass-market products will spawn new digital design-to-distribution production platforms.

3D printing of smart materials: A review on recent progresses in 4D printing

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Xun Khoo ◽  
Joanne Ee Mei Teoh ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Chee Kai Chua ◽  
Shoufeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
4D Printing

scholarly journals 4D Printing: The Dawn of “Smart” Drug Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Ahmar Khan ◽  
Mir Javid Iqbal ◽  
Saima Amin ◽  
Humaira Bilal ◽  
, Bilquees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

With the approval of first 3D printed drug “spritam” by USFDA, 3D printing is gaining acceptance in healthcare, engineering and other aspects of life. Taking 3D printing towards the next step gives birth to what is referred to as “4D printing”. The full credit behind the unveiling of 4D printing technology in front of the world goes to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who revealed “time” in this technology as the fourth dimension.  4D printing is a renovation of 3D printing wherein special materials (referred to as smart materials) are incorporated which change their morphology post printing in response to a stimulus. Depending upon the applicability of this technology, there may be a variety of stimuli, most common among them being pH, water, heat, wind and other forms of energy.  The upper hand of 4D printing over 3D printing is that 3D printed structures are generally immobile, rigid and inanimate whereas 4D printed structures are flexible, mobile and able to interact with the surrounding environment based on the stimulus. This capability of 4D printing to transform 3D structures into smart structures in response to various stimuli promises a great potential for biomedical and bioengineering applications. The potential of 4D printing in developing pre-programmed biomaterials that can undergo transformations lays new foundations for enabling smart pharmacology, personalized medicine, and smart drug delivery, all of which can help in combating diseases in a smarter way. Hence, the theme of this paper is about the potential of 4D printing in creating smart drug delivery, smart pharmacology, targeted drug delivery and better patient compliance. The paper highlights the recent advancements of 4D printing in healthcare sector and ways by which 4D printing is doing wonders in creating smart drug delivery and tailored medicine. The major constraints in the approach have also been highlighted. Keywords: 4D printing, smart, drug delivery system, patient compliance, biomaterials, tailored medicine

Exploring Smart Material Applications for COVID-19 Pandemic Using 4D Printing Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
Mohd Javaid ◽  
Abid Haleem
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Printing Processes

Today, in the medical field, innovative technological advancements support healthcare systems and improve patients’ lives. 4D printing is one of the innovative technologies that creates notable innovations in the medical field. For the COVID-19 pandemic, this technology proves to be useful in the manufacturing of smart medical parts, which helps treat infected patients. As compared to 3D printing, 4D printing adds time as an additional element in the manufactured part. 4D printing uses smart materials with the same printing processes as being used in 3D printing technology, but here the part printed with smart materials change their shape with time or by the change of environmental temperature, which further creates innovation for patient treatments. 4D printing manufactures a given part, layer by layer, by taking input of a virtual (CAD) model and uses smart material. This paper studies the capability of smart materials and their advancements when used in 4D printing. We have diagrammatically presented the significant parts of 4D printing technology. This paper identifies 11 significant applications of 4D printing and then studies which one provides innovative solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reconfigurable Compliant Cellular Material With Programmable Compliant Cellular Structure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Kang ◽  
Kwangwon Kim ◽  
Jaehyung Ju
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Cellular Materials ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
4D Printing

Cellular materials have two important properties: structures and mechanisms. This property enables one to design structures with proper stiffness and flexibility. Recent advance in 3D printing technologies enable engineers to manufacture complex cellular structures. In addition, use of smart materials, e.g., shape memory polymers (SMPs), for 3D printing enables us to construct mesostructures actively responsive to environmental stimuli with a programmable function, which may be termed ‘4D Printing’ referring to additional dimension on time-dependent shape change after 3D printing. The objective of this study is to design and synthesize active reconfigurable cellular materials, which enables the advance of technology on intelligent reconfigurable cellular structures with 4D printing. A two-layer hinge of a CPS functions through a programmed thermal expansion mismatch between two layers and shape memory effect of an SMP. Starting with thermo-mechanical constitutive modeling of a compliant porous hinge consisting of laminated elastomer composites, macroscopic behaviors of a reconfigurable compliant porous structure (CPS) will be constructed using the strain energy method. A finite element (FE) based simulation equipped with a user subroutine will be implemented with ABAQUS/Standard to simulate time-dependent thermo mechanical behaviors of a CPS. The designed CPS with polymers shows an extremely high negative Poisson’s ratio (∼ −120) and negative thermal expansion coefficient (−2,530 × 10−6/C). When programmed with an appropriate thermo-mechanical procedure, the hinge of the CPS bends either in positive and negative sign, which enables to tailor the CPS into desired intermediate and final configurations, ending up with achieving a reconfigurable CPS. This paper demonstrates that actively reconfigurable compliant cellular materials (CCMs) with CPSes can be used for next-generation materials design in terms of tailoring mechanical properties such as modulus, strength, yield strain, Poisson’s ratios and thermal expansion coefficient together with programmable characteristics.

scholarly journals Synchrotron Microbeam Diffraction Studies on the Alignment within 3D-Printed Smectic-A Liquid Crystal Elastomer Filaments during Extrusion

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Marianne E. Prévôt ◽  
Senay Ustunel ◽  
Benjamin M. Yavitt ◽  
Guillaume Freychet ◽  
Caitlyn R. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomer ◽  
Smectic A ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers

3D printing of novel and smart materials has received considerable attention due to its applications within biological and medical fields, mostly as they can be used to print complex architectures and particular designs. However, the internal structure during 3D printing can be problematic to resolve. We present here how time-resolved synchrotron microbeam Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction (μ-SAXD) allows us to elucidate the local orientational structure of a liquid crystal elastomer-based printed scaffold. Most reported 3D-printed liquid crystal elastomers are mainly nematic; here, we present a Smectic-A 3D-printed liquid crystal elastomer that has previously been reported to promote cell proliferation and alignment. The data obtained on the 3D-printed filaments will provide insights into the internal structure of the liquid crystal elastomer for the future fabrication of liquid crystal elastomers as responsive and anisotropic 3D cell scaffolds.

scholarly journals 3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Yeub Jeong ◽  
Eunsongyi Lee ◽  
Soo-Chan An ◽  
Yeonsoo Lim ◽  
Young Chul Jun
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Freeform Optics ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex optical components and metaphotonic structures that are difficult to realize via traditional methods. Conventional lithography techniques are usually limited to planar patterning, but 3D printing can allow the fabrication and integration of complex shapes or multiple parts along the out-of-plane direction. Additionally, 3D printing can allow printing on curved surfaces. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed structures and provides new avenues for active, reconfigurable optical and microwave structures. This review introduces recent developments in 3D and 4D printing, with emphasis on topics that are interesting for the nanophotonics and metaphotonics communities. In this article, we have first discussed functional materials for 3D and 4D printing. Then, we have presented the various designs and applications of 3D and 4D printing in the optical, terahertz, and microwave domains. 3D printing can be ideal for customized, nonconventional optical components and complex metaphotonic structures. Furthermore, with various printable smart materials, 4D printing might provide a unique platform for active and reconfigurable structures. Therefore, 3D and 4D printing can introduce unprecedented opportunities in optics and metaphotonics and may have applications in freeform optics, integrated optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, optical sensors, antennas, active and tunable photonic devices, and biomedicine. Abundant new opportunities exist for exploration.

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