Cullen sign in childhood malignancies

Objective: The study was carried out to document the pattern of childhood malignant tumors which were diagnosed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, and compare with previous reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere and also highlight the challenges and strategies for effective management of these diseases in our environment. Methods: A ten year retrospective analysis of all cancers diagnosed in children below the age of 18 years at the study centre between January 2000 and December 2009 was carried out. Case folders of all children diagnosed with malignant tumors within the study period were retrieved from the Cancer Registry Department of the Hospital and were analyzed with respect to age, gender, morphological or histological type of malignancy, extent of disease, treatment modality, and survival outcome. Results: Ninety nine (99) children were diagnosed with various malignancies during the study period. Sixty seven (67; 67.7%) were boys and 32 (32.3%) were girls giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. There were 22 cases (22.2%) recorded in children aged below 4 years and 72 cases (72.7%) were diagnosed in children between 4-14 years. Lymphomas were the most prevalent malignancies encountered accounting for 54 cases (54.5%), Burkitts lymphoma constituted 43 (79.6%) of all lymphoma cases. The distribution of the five foremost malignancies recorded were as follows: Burkitts lymphoma (43 cases), Nephroblastoma (10 cases), Retinoblastoma (8 cases), Non Hodgkins lymphoma (7 cases) and Acute leukaemias (5 cases). Other malignancies included Osteogenic sarcoma (5), Hodgkins lymphoma (4), and 2 cases each of primary liver cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and nasopharyngeal tumor. Conclusion: The distribution of the various childhood malignant tumors recorded in this study is similar to the pattern reported in previous studies from Nigeria and other countries. However, there appears to be a lower prevalence of leukemia recorded in this study compared to the earlier findings. The challenges which were identified in the diagnosis, management and overall outcome of our patients included limited number of diagnostic tools, late presentation in the hospital, high patient default rate, poverty, and shortage of chemotherapeutic drugs.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.241-246

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Sensitive-stage embryo irradiation affects embryonic neuroblasts and adult motor function

Molecular & Cellular Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s13273-021-00212-y ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ram Wagle ◽

Young-Han Song

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Death ◽

Neural Stem Cells ◽

Motor Function ◽

Radiation Sensitivity ◽

Embryonic Lethality ◽

Apoptotic Cells ◽

Childhood Malignancies ◽

Sensitive Stage ◽

Stage Embryo

Abstract Background Cranial radiation therapy for treating childhood malignancies in the central nervous system or accidental radiation exposure may result in neurological side effects in surviving adults. As tissue homeostasis is maintained by stem cells, understanding the effect of radiation on neural stem cells will provide clues for managing the neurological effects. Drosophila embryos were used as a model system whose sensitivity to irradiation-induced cell death changes from the sensitive to resistant stage during development. Objective Drosophila embryos at the radiation-sensitive stage were irradiated at various doses and the radiation sensitivity was tested regarding the appearance of apoptotic cells in the embryos and the embryonic lethality. Cell fates of the neural stem cells called neuroblasts (NBs) and adult motor function after irradiation were also investigated. Result Irradiation of Drosophila embryos at the radiation-sensitive stage resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of embryos containing apoptotic cells 75 min after treatment starting at 3 Gy. Embryonic lethality assayed by hatch rate was induced by 1 Gy irradiation, which did not induce cell death. Notably, no apoptosis was detected in NBs up to 2 h after irradiation at doses as high as 40 Gy. At 3 h after irradiation, as low as 3 Gy, the number of NBs marked by Dpn and Klu was decreased by an unidentified mechanism regardless of the cell death status of the embryo. Furthermore, embryonic irradiation at 3 Gy, but not 1 Gy, resulted in locomotor defects in surviving adults. Conclusion Embryonic NBs survived irradiation at doses as high as 40 Gy, while cells in other parts of the embryos underwent apoptosis at doses higher than 3 Gy within 2 h after treatment. Three hours after exposure to a minimum dose of 3 Gy, the number of NBs marked by Dpn and Klu decreased, and the surviving adults exhibited defects in locomotor ability.

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Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: An Experience of 7 Years in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal ◽

10.3329/dshj.v35i2.49692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

SM Rashed Zahangir Kabir ◽

Md Waheed Akhtar ◽

Farida Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cell Tumor ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Yolk Sac Tumor ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Childhood Malignancies

Introduction: Germ cell tumors are a group of tumors with different clinical presentation and histological and biological characteristics. Malignant germ cell tumors occur at all ages with a trend of bimodal distribution in infancy and adolescence. Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, distribution of different types of germ cell tumor, treatment modalities and outcome of germ cell tumor in children in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Methods: In this retrospective study, data regarding age and sex distribution, location, types of tumors, management of germ cell tumor in children were retrieved from the medical records of pediatric oncology department in NICRH, Dhaka from 2008 to 2014. Results: Out of total 87 patients female were 50 and male 37. Most of the patients were up to 5 years of age. The gonadal germ cell tumors (80%) were more than extragonadal tumor (20%) in both male and female patients. The most common germ cell tumor was dysgerminoma (32%) followed by yolk sac tumor (29.8%) and teratoma (19.5%). Yolk Sac Tumor (51.4%) was the most common in male and dysgerminoma (56%) the commonest in female. Out of 87, seventy two (82.7%) received chemotherapy following surgery. Among those 72 patients who received chemotherapy 49 (68 %) patients completed their treatment. Until the last follow up 71.4% patients remained alive and tumor free. Conclusion: Germ cell tumors are the most variable tumor of all childhood malignancies that has difference in age, sex, location and histological subtypes. Gonadal tumors have better prognosis than extragonadal tumors in both the sex. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 119-122

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Incidence and Survival of Central Nervous System Involvement in Childhood Malignancies

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology ◽

10.1097/01.mph.0000155119.12818.7e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 125-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P??ter Hauser ◽

Zsuzsanna Jakab ◽

Orsolya L??ng ◽

Orsolya Kond??s ◽

Judit M??ller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

System Involvement ◽

Childhood Malignancies

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A gyermekkori malignus betegségek kezdeti tünettana

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2017.30756 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 158 (21) ◽

pp. 829-834

Author(s):

Zsuzsanna Erzsébet Papp ◽

Izabella Kelemen ◽

Adrienne Horváth

Keyword(s):

Bone Pain ◽

Malignant Disease ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Bone Marrow Failure ◽

Malignant Diseases ◽

Recognition Method ◽

Pediatric Pathology ◽

Early Symptoms ◽

Childhood Malignancies ◽

Childhood Acute Leukemia

Abstract: Introduction: Childhood malignant diseases are rare in pediatric pathology. Early symptoms are not specific, fatigue, pallor, compression signs and bone marrow failure are often mentioned. Aim: To summarize the most frequent early symptoms of childhood malignancies in order to help the physicians in the early recognition. Method: In our retrospective study, we processed a period of 5 years between 2012–2016, with an accent on the onset manifestations of malignancies. Results: In this period 34 cases were admitted with a diagnosis of malignant disease to our department. The most important symptoms were fever, fatigue, weight loss, pain, adenopathy, infections, and signs of anemia or thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: Childhood acute leukemia mostly occurs with adenopathy, fever, bone pain and signs of anemia. Solid tumors in their early stages may present with fatigue, pain and compression symptoms. The responsibility of the first physician is major in recognizing the most important early signs. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(21): 829–834.

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