The Effects of Price Rank on Clicks and Conversions in Product List Advertising on Online Retail Platforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhou Zhuang ◽  
Eric (Er) Fang ◽  
Jongkuk Lee ◽  
Xiaoling Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Engagement ◽  
Product Recommendations ◽  
Actual Price

In light of the critical role of price information in consumers’ decision making, this study investigates the effect of price rank on consumers’ responses to product list advertising (PLA). The research documents that the price rank is more influential than actual price for PLA. In addition, the research highlights a tradeoff in price-rank decisions: A price rank that drives more clicks does not necessarily lead to more conversions; to drive traffic, managers should strive for an extreme (i.e., either high or low) to elicit more clicks, then follow up with online engagement tools (e.g., cross-selling and product recommendations). To maximize direct revenue, managers instead should strive for moderate ranks to satisfy consumers’ desire for a compromise between price and quality. However, consumers without uncertainty tend to rely less on price rank, so the effects diminish among specific keywords and increase among popular keywords. In order to achieve the desired price ranks, firms participating in PLA might monitor and adjust their advertising offers. There are commonly two specific avenues: Change the product price if the required change is within a certain range or change the advertised product if the required price change is beyond a certain range.

scholarly journals Reduced Flow-Mediated Dilatation Is Not Related to COVID-19 Severity Three Months after Hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
Marianne Riou ◽  
Walid Oulehri ◽  
Cedric Momas ◽  
Olivier Rouyer ◽  
Fabienne Lebourg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Vascular Effect ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Artery Flow

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide, with more than two million deaths. Evidence indicates the critical role of the vascular endothelium in its pathophysiology but, like potential changes in functional vasodilation, the vascular effect of SARS-CoV-2 at a given distance from the acute infection is largely unknown. We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in 27 COVID-19 patients needing conventional or intensive care unit hospitalization, three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis and in nine age- and sex- matched control subjects. Interestingly, the FMD was lower in COVID-19 patients as compared to controls (8.2 (7.2–8.9) vs. 10.3 (9.1–11.7)); p = 0.002, and half of the hospitalized COVID-19 survivors presented with a reduced FMD < 8% at three months of COVID-19 onset. Impaired FMD was not associated with severe or critical SARS-CoV-2 infection, reflected by ICU hospitalization, total hospitalization duration, or severity of lung damage. In conclusion, reduced FMD is often observed even three months after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but such alteration predominantly appears to not be related to COVID-19 severity. Longer and larger follow-up studies will help to clarify the potential prognosis value of FMD among COVID-19 patients, as well as to further determine the mechanisms involved.

Impact of Similarity of Interviewer-Interviewee and Interviewer-Interviewer on Ratings in a Selection Interview

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Shepard ◽  
Maureen Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Selection Interview ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Selection Interviews ◽  
Actual Selection

This study aimed to determine whether similarity of interviewer and interviewee or interviewer and interviewer influenced applicant interview ratings. Data on background characteristics, relative interests and need for social approval were secured from 21 faculty interviewers and 296 applicants during actual selection interviews. Contrary to prior findings based on simulated activity, the results did not uphold the role of similarity. Additional data gathered from follow-up interviews with faculty interviewers point to preconceived conceptions of an “ideal” candidate as a stronger reference point for decision making in selection interviews than similarity to self.

Investigating the Role of Data-Driven Decision-Making Within School Improvement Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1707-1725
Author(s):  
Venesser Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Change ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Driven Decision Making ◽  
Continuous School Improvement ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter provides a detailed literature review exploring the importance of data-driven decision-making processes in current Australian school improvement processes within a context of evidence-based organizational change and development. An investigation into the concept of decision-making and its effect on organizational culture is conducted as change and development are considered to be the new constants in the current discourse around continuous school improvement in schools. In a close examination of literature, this chapter investigates how key factors such as collaboration, communication, and organizational trust are achieved through data-driven decision-making within continuous school improvement processes. The critical role of leadership in sustaining data cultures is also examined for its direct impact on continuous school improvement processes based on evidence-based organizational change and development practices. Future implications of data-driven decision-making to sustain continuous school improvement and accountability processes in Australian schools are discussed.

Reducing overuse by recognising the unintended harms of good intentions

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjebm-2019-111247
Author(s):  
David Slawson ◽  
Allen F Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Hierarchy Of Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

Overdiagnosis and overtreatment—overuse—is gaining wide acceptance as a leading nosocomial intervention in medicine. Not only does overuse create anxiety and diminish patients’ quality of life, in some cases it causes harm to both patients and others not directly involved in clinical care. Reducing overuse begins with the recognition and acceptance of the potential for unintended harm of our best intentions. In this paper, we introduce five cases to illustrate where harm can occur as the result of well-intended healthcare interventions. With this insight, clinicians can learn to appreciate the critical role of probability-based, evidence-informed decision-making in medicine and the need to consider the outcomes for all who may be affected by their actions. Likewise, educators need to evolve medical education and medical decision-making so that it focuses on the hierarchy of evidence and that what ‘ought to work’, based on traditional pathophysiological, disease-focused reasoning, should be subordinate to what ‘does work’.

Roots of Restraint in War: The Capacities and Limits of Law and the Critical Role of Social Agency in Ameliorating Violence in Armed Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Dale Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Training Strategies

Abstract International humanitarian law (ihl) primarily applies to govern the conduct of individuals in the most desperate time of human endeavour, namely armed conflict, in order to ameliorate violence. However, understanding how ihl is disseminated, trained and actually applied in the battlespace is, remarkably, a relatively underexplored area. There are countless volumes dedicated to analyzing and parsing the myriad of words and formulas that comprise this burgeoning body of law. However, there is very little empirical analysis undertaken on effective training strategies and even less on tracking nuanced compliance and decision-making processes in actual armed conflict. Against this background, the 2018 icrc study ‘The Roots of Restraint in War’ offers an insightful account of how to best frame training strategies and how to optimize compliance in the battlespace. It consciously adopts an inter-disciplinary approach. It accepts fully the role of social, ethical and moral factors that can orientate decision making in a manner that combines with the applicable law. The goal is restraint in war, of a type that comes not from clinical compliance with complex legal formulas and interpretative rectitude but is derived from a deeper sense of professional self-identity. It acknowledges the risks inherent in its approach and yet, compellingly, offers a blueprint for melding principles of ihl with a sense of personal commitment. Such an approach is to be celebrated for the audacity and courage that it exhibits.

scholarly journals Chronic Pain and Chronic Stress: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701770476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi G Abdallah ◽  
Paul Geha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being

Pain and stress share significant conceptual and physiological overlaps. Both phenomena challenge the body’s homeostasis and necessitate decision-making to help animals adapt to their environment. In addition, chronic stress and chronic pain share a common behavioral model of failure to extinguish negative memories. Yet, they also have discrepancies such that the final brain endophenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic pain appears to be different among the three conditions, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remains unclear in the physiology of pain. Persistence of either stress or pain is maladaptive and could lead to compromised well-being. In this brief review, we highlight the commonalities and differences between chronic stress and chronic pain, while focusing particularly on the central role of the limbic brain. We assess the current attempts in the field to conceptualize and understand chronic pain, within the context of knowledge gained from the stress literature. The limbic brain—including hippocampus, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex—plays a critical role in learning. These brain areas integrate incoming nociceptive or stress signals with internal state, and generate learning signals necessary for decision-making. Therefore, the physiological and structural remodeling of this learning circuitry is observed in conditions such as chronic pain, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and is also linked to the risk of onset of these conditions.

What parents want from doctors in end-of-life decision-making for children

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sullivan ◽  
P Monagle ◽  
L Gillam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Parental Autonomy ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Life Decision

ObjectiveEnd-of-life decision-making is difficult for everyone involved, as many studies have shown. Within this complexity, there has been little information on how parents see the role of doctors in end-of-life decision-making for children. This study aimed to examine parents’ views and experiences of end-of-life decision-making.DesignA qualitative method with a semistructured interview design was used.SettingParent participants were living in the community.ParticipantsTwenty-five bereaved parents.Main outcomesParents reported varying roles taken by doctors: being the provider of information without opinion; giving information and advice as to the decision that should be taken; and seemingly being the decision maker for the child. The majority of parents found their child's doctor enabled them to be the ultimate decision maker for their child, which was what they very clearly wanted to be, and consequently enabled them to exercise their parental autonomy. Parents found it problematic when doctors took over decision-making. A less frequently reported, yet significant role for doctors was to affirm decisions after they had been made by parents. Other important aspects of the doctor's role were to provide follow-up support and referral.ConclusionsUnderstanding the role that doctors take in end-of-life decisions, and the subsequent impact of that role from the perspective of parents can form the basis of better informed clinical practice.

scholarly journals Reversible Acute Fontan Circulation Failure Secondary to Retroconducted Junctional Rhythm. Clinical Echocardiographic Correlation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ferrero ◽  
Isabelle Piazza ◽  
Youcef Sadou ◽  
Matteo Ciuffreda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Junctional Rhythm ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Low Threshold

Abstract Background: Sequential atrioventricular activation plays a critical role in the physiology of Fontan circulation. Although bradycardia is usually well tolerated, retroconducted junctional rhythm may acutely increase atrial pressure impairing cardiac output. Echocardiographic evaluation can reveal clues of this hemodynamic condition. The clinical impact of arrhythmic disturbance on the follow up of patients who had undergone total cavo-pulmonary connection is well recognized but the role of, transient periods of retroconducted junctional rhythm on the immediate post-operative course is less defined. Case presentation: We describe two cases of acute Fontan circulatory failure due to postoperative retroconducted escaping junctional rhythm despite an adequate heart rate and circadian variation. The patients rapidly improved after atrial pacing, allowing discharge with a minimal dose of diuretic.Conclusion: In the absence of any hemodynamic target, hearth rhythm should be systematically checked after TCPC irrespective of adequacy of heart rate. Likewise, efficiency of temporary atrial pacing should be granted and surgeons should have a low threshold for epicardial lead implantation.

scholarly journals The Role of ERP Information to Support Decision Making Process: Field Study on Panda Retail Company (Mobile Inventory Management System)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Alghazali ◽  
Uthman M. Ageeli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Inventory Management System ◽  
Retail Company ◽  
Support Decision Making

The ERP is the main source of business data while store mobile inventory management is one of very important modules in ERP that cover a critical role for retail organizations such as Panda retail company. The goal of this study is to show the high correlation between information and effective decision-making process. Descriptive analysis research method was used in this study where theoretical data collected from published papers, in Jeddah city (60) employees of mobile inventory management system users participated the survey and statistical techniques such as frequency tables, Percentages, Average value, standard deviation, etc. This used survey consists of 3 companies namely the effectiveness of information to support decision making, the effectiveness of store mobile inventory management at Panda retail company, the effectiveness of ERP for organizations. The key results of this study clarifies that it’s very important to have as much as possible data and the relationships between data at any point of time to identify problems, analyze them in order to make the most effective decisions and role of ERP in providing such information at any point of time. Recommendations had been provided such as the importunacy of ERP, modern business applications, and technology to improve business outcomes and provide continues learning and development culture for employees to increase their competencies to use these digital tools.

Gender, Poverty Reduction and Social Work: A View from Burundi

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wanjiku Muchiri ◽  
Serges Claver Nzisabira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Primary Caretakers ◽  
Education Business

Gender affects the kind of opportunities and constraints faced in life; human beings are constantly divided into hierarchies. In looking at poverty reduction in Burundi, we can see the critical role that gender plays. In Burundi, among the poor are many women as a result of being primary caretakers. The focus of this paper is to examine the interconnection between gender and poverty reduction as well as the role of social work, if there is to be any reduction in poverty. Social workers need to work with women who are at the forefront of poverty through encouragement of more opportunities for women in education, business and in areas of decision-making. In many areas women are regarded as unable to participate with men in decision-making as they are considered not to be on the same level with men, intellectually, socially, economically or politically. When a woman is educated, she is better able to provide for her children. This means that the future generations are also protected against poverty. Social workers have the role of educating women and men in Burundi about the importance of women in poverty reduction. This paper presents a brief review of literature on gender disparities and poverty as well as the role of social work in poverty reduction in Burundi.

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