School Choice in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Correa ◽  
Natalie Epstein ◽  
Rafael Epstein ◽  
Juan Escobar ◽  
Ignacio Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Heuristic Approach ◽  
New School ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level

In “School Choice in Chile,” Correa et al. describe the design and implementation of the new school admissions system in Chile. The design, based on the celebrated work of Gale, Shapley, and Roth, involves several challenges to comply with the Chilean legislation. For instance, the system includes different priorities and quotas for different groups of students. Moreover, the system operates nationwide and in all grade levels. As a result of the latter, one of the primary goals was to favor the joint assignment of siblings to the same schools. To accomplish this, the authors propose a heuristic approach that dynamically updates preferences, and breaks ties at the family level to increase the probability that siblings are assigned to the same school. The system, introduced in 2016 and still in use today, serves more than half a million students each year.

scholarly journals Unearthing LTR retrotransposon gag genes co-opted in the deep evolution of eukaryotes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Guan-Zhu Han
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Gypsy Retrotransposons

Abstract LTR retrotransposons comprise a major component of the genomes of eukaryotes. On occasion, retrotransposon genes can be recruited by their hosts for diverse functions, a process formally referred to as co-option. However, a comprehensive picture of LTR retrotransposon gag gene co-option in eukaryotes is still lacking, with several documented cases exclusively involving Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons in animals. Here we use a phylogenomic approach to systemically unearth co-option of retrotransposon gag genes above the family level of taxonomy in 2,011 eukaryotes, namely co-option occurring during the deep evolution of eukaryotes. We identify a total of 14 independent gag gene co-option events across more than 740 eukaryote families, eight of which have not been reported previously. Among these retrotransposon gag gene co-option events, nine, four, and one involve gag genes of Ty3/Gypsy, Ty1/Copia, and Bel-Pao retrotransposons, respectively. Seven, four, and three co-option events occurred in animals, plants, and fungi, respectively. Interestingly, two co-option events took place in the early evolution of angiosperms. Both selective pressure and gene expression analyses further support that these co-opted gag genes might perform diverse cellular functions in their hosts, and several co-opted gag genes might be subject to positive selection. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive picture of LTR retrotransposon gag gene co-option events that occurred during the deep evolution of eukaryotes, and suggest paucity of LTR retrotransposon gag gene co-option during the deep evolution of eukaryotes.

scholarly journals The Role of Botanical Families in Medicinal Ethnobotany: A Phylogenetic Perspective

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Airy Gras ◽  
Oriane Hidalgo ◽  
Ugo D’Ambrosio ◽  
Montse Parada ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Studies suggesting that medicinal plants are not chosen at random are becoming more common. The goal of this work is to shed light on the role of botanical families in ethnobotany, depicting in a molecular phylogenetic frame the relationships between families and medicinal uses of vascular plants in several Catalan-speaking territories. The simple quantitative analyses for ailments categories and the construction of families and disorders matrix were carried out in this study. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the over- and underused families in the medicinal flora. Phylogenetically informed analyses were carried out to identify lineages in which there is an overrepresentation of families in a given category of use, i.e., hot nodes. The ethnobotanicity index, at a specific level, was calculated and also adapted to the family level. Two diversity indices to measure the richness of reported taxa within each family were calculated. A total of 47,630 use reports were analysed. These uses are grouped in 120 botanical families. The ethnobotanicity index for this area is 14.44% and the ethnobotanicity index at the family level is 68.21%. The most-reported families are Lamiaceae and Asteraceae and the most reported troubles are disorders of the digestive and nutritional system. Based on the meta-analytic results, indicating hot nodes of useful plants at the phylogenetic level, specific ethnopharmacological research may be suggested, including a phytochemical approach of particularly interesting taxa.

scholarly journals Inuit plant use in the eastern Subarctic: comparative ethnobotany in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Alain Cuerrier ◽  
Courtenay Clark ◽  
Christian H. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Comparative Ethnobotany

Plants are important in traditional Inuit life. They are used for food, tea, medicine, etc. Based on semi-structured interviews with 35 informants, we documented and compared plant names and uses in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, and in Nain, Nunatsiavut. Plant names and uses were expected to be similar between communities owing to common boreal–subarctic environments and cultural ties. Both communities reported the same number of taxa, with equivalent proportions of vascular and nonvascular plants, growth forms, use categories, and medicinal uses. Forty-three species were used in each community, for a total of 78 species from 39 families. Despite a high overlap in species distributions, only 35% of nonvascular and 56% of vascular species were used in both communities. Correspondence was higher at the family level (64% of nonvascular and 75% of vascular families shared). The Ericaceae family was the most used, followed by Rosaceae. Thirteen of 30 medicinal species were shared between communities. There was a low correspondence regarding the conditions for which the medicinal species were used. Edible taxa were shared the most (52%). Plant uses unique to either Nain or Kangiqsualujjuaq may reveal separate bodies of traditional knowledge, or may reflect an overall loss of ethnobotanical knowledge in the Subarctic due to recent lifestyle changes.

Phanerozoic trends in the global geographic disparity of marine biotas

Paleobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold I. Miller ◽  
Devin P. Buick ◽  
Katherine V. Bulinski ◽  
Chad A. Ferguson ◽  
Austin J. W. Hendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Geographic Disparity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
History Of

Previous analyses of the history of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity suggested that the post-Paleozoic increase observed at the family level and below was caused, in part, by an increase in global provinciality associated with the breakup of Pangea. Efforts to characterize the Phanerozoic history of provinciality, however, have been compromised by interval-to-interval variations in the methods and standards used by researchers to calibrate the number of provinces. With the development of comprehensive, occurrence-based data repositories such as the Paleobiology Database (PaleoDB), it is now possible to analyze directly the degree of global compositional disparity as a function of geographic distance (geo-disparity) and changes thereof throughout the history of marine animal life. Here, we present a protocol for assessing the Phanerozoic history of geo-disparity, and we apply it to stratigraphic bins arrayed throughout the Phanerozoic for which data were accessed from the PaleoDB. Our analyses provide no indication of a secular Phanerozoic increase in geo-disparity. Furthermore, fundamental characteristics of geo-disparity may have changed from era to era in concert with changes to marine venues, although these patterns will require further scrutiny in future investigations.

scholarly journals APLIKASI ZERO WASTE DALAM LINGKUNGAN MASYARAKAT DESA TUMPUKRENTENG DENGAN PENDEKATAN ASET BASE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THEORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Evawati Alisah
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Solution Model ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Small Things

Constructing dreams together with discovering a unique and communally defined design in a particular place destination in overcoming the problem of waste is an achievement that should be appreciated. Go to Zero Waste must indeed be raised in all circles so that the predicate of producing plastic waste is no longer attached to Indonesia.Inorganic waste from family level activities, whose sustainability is maintained because of adat: is managed together with a simple organization and the amount is limited eventually if accumulated will become a mountain of problems that are resolved, even into results that can be utilized. The solution model can be applied elsewhere in order to solve the problem of garbage from the family level during the celebration. RT 13 RW 03 neighborhood of Tumpukrenteng Village, Turen District, Malang Regency has proven that it can mobilize assets for small things, such as garbage so that it becomes a blessing. 

scholarly journals Reaching Diverse Audiences

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Guion
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Extension Education ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Family

This paper is the second in a series of articles on planning programs to effectively outreach to diverse audiences. This series will include specialized papers on enhancing cultural competence, recruiting diverse volunteers, planning culturally appropriate marketing strategies, and other topics that are integral to the design and implementation of culturally relevant Extension education programs. This document is FCS9218, one of a series of the Family Youth and Community Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 2005. 

scholarly journals Ethnic Marketing: A Strategy for Marketing Programs to Diverse Audience

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Guion ◽  
Heather Kent
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Extension Education ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Ethnic Marketing ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diverse Audience

This paper is the seventh in a series of articles on planning programs to effectively outreach to diverse audiences. This series will include specialized papers on enhancing cultural competence, recruiting diverse volunteers, planning culturally appropriate marketing strategies, and other topics that are integral to the design and implementation of culturally relevant Extension education programs. This document is FCS9223, one of a series of the Family Youth and Community Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 2005. 

scholarly journals The identification of pika and hare through tricho-taxonomy (Mammalia: Lagomorpha)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 14301-14308
Author(s):  
Manokaran Kamalakannan ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
Joy Krishna De ◽  
Chinnadurai Venkatraman
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Oval Shape

The macroscopic and microscopic characters of dorsal guard hairs of Indian lagomorphs (four species of pikas and three species of hare) are described; the cuticular and medullary characters are similar between the species studied.  The cuticular and medullary characters, however, are dissimilar between the family Ochotonidae and Leporidae.  The cross-section of hair of the species had shown two identical shapes between the family Ochotonidae and Leporidae.  The cross-section was observed as an oval shape in all the four ochotonid species, whereas there was a dumb-bell shape in all three leporid species.  The hair of the Indian lagomorphs can easily be differentiated up to the family level on the basis of their unique cuticula, medulla and cross-section of the dorsal guard hair.  The high-resolution microphotographs and key characteristics of hair that are presented here can be used as an appropriate reference for family-level identification of Indian lagomorphs.

scholarly journals Pedogenesis And Characterization Of Some Soils From The Chalan Beel Of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281
Author(s):  
ABMS Islam ◽  
ZH Khan ◽  
AR Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
High Base ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
Periodic Flooding

Twenty two soil samples from four pedons representing some established soil series namely Jaonia, Haiti, Taras and Digli from the Chalan beel area of Bangladesh were studied in the field as well as in the laboratory for their pedogenesis and characterization. All the soils are heavy textured with clay contents ranging from 47 to 60 percent. The soils are moderately acidic to neutral in reaction with high base saturation. The soils have developed redoximorphic features including redox concentration and redox depletion due to periodic flooding more than 4 months in the monsoon season. Development of cambic horizon in these soils is the most notable morphogenetic feature. Gleization and weak hydromorphism are the dominant pedogenic processes. At the subgroup level the soiis were classified as Typic Endoaquepts and Aerie Endoaquepts. Finally the soiis are characterized at the family level of soil taxonomy. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 271-281, December 2014

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