Early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and misuse of prescription drugs: a retrospective cohort study in Cape Cod, MA

Abstract Background Many studies of adults with occupational exposure to solvents such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown adverse effects on cognition, mood and behavioral problems. Much less is known about neurotoxic effects in early life at lower exposure levels seen in community settings. We recently reported that illicit drug use was more frequent among adults from Cape Cod, Massachusetts who were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water during gestation and early childhood than their unexposed counterparts. Using newly collected data from this population-based retrospective cohort study, the current analysis examines whether early life PCE exposure is also associated with drug use disorder over the life course. Methods Three-hundred and sixty-three subjects with prenatal and early childhood PCE exposure and 255 unexposed subjects were studied. These individuals (median age: 40–41 years) completed self-administered questionnaires on the eleven established diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder and confounding variables. A validated leaching and transport model was used to estimate exposure to PCE-contaminated water. Results Overall, 23.3% of subjects reported having at least one criterion for drug use disorder over their lifetime. Early life PCE exposure was associated with a modest increase in the lifetime presence of one or more diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder (adjusted RR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.8). Compared to unexposed subjects, PCE-exposed subjects were more likely to report having most diagnostic criteria of drug use disorder, including neglecting major roles due to drug use, physical and psychological problems related to drug use, and giving up activities due to drug use. No dose-response relationships were observed with increasing levels of PCE exposure. Conclusions These results suggest that exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water during early life modestly increases the risk of developing diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder later in life. Because this study has several limitations, these findings should be confirmed in follow-up investigations of other exposed populations with more diverse racial and socioeconomic characteristics.

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Early life factors in relation to cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular disease in old age in Bergen: a Norwegian retrospective cohort study based on the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)

JRSM Open ◽

10.1177/2054270414527935 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 205427041452793

Author(s):

Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽

Robert Stewart ◽

Marit Knapstad ◽

Simon Øverland ◽

Arnstein Mykletun

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Old Age ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Life ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Health Study ◽

Early Life Factors

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Drug use disorder following early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31380/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ann Aschengrau ◽

Alexandra Grippo ◽

Michael R. Winter ◽

Margaret G. Shea ◽

Roberta F. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Life ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Contaminated Drinking Water ◽

Drug Use Disorder

Abstract Background: Many studies of adults with occupational exposure to solvents such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown adverse effects on cognition, mood and behavioral problems. Much less is known about neurotoxic effects in early life at lower exposure levels seen in community settings. We recently reported that illicit drug use was more frequent among adults from Cape Cod, Massachusetts who were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water during gestation and early childhood than their unexposed counterparts. Using newly collected data from this population-based retrospective cohort study, the current analysis examines whether early life PCE exposure is also associated with drug use disorder over the life course.Methods: Three-hundred and sixty-three subjects with prenatal and early childhood PCE exposure and 255 unexposed subjects were studied. These individuals (median age: 40-41 years) completed self-administered questionnaires on the eleven established diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder and confounding variables. A validated leaching and transport model was used to estimate exposure to PCE-contaminated water. Results: Overall, 23.3% of subjects reported having at least one criterion for drug use disorder over their lifetime. Early life PCE exposure was associated with a modest increase in the lifetime presence of one or more diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder (adjusted RR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Compared to unexposed subjects, PCE-exposed subjects were more likely to report having most diagnostic criteria of drug use disorder, including neglecting major roles due to drug use, physical and psychological problems related to drug use, and giving up activities due to drug use. No dose-response relationships were observed with increasing levels of PCE exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water during early life modestly increases the risk of developing diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder later in life. Because this study has several limitations, these findings should be confirmed in follow-up investigations of other exposed populations with more diverse racial and socioeconomic characteristics.

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Associations of gestational and early life exposures to ambient air pollution with childhood respiratory diseases in Shanghai, China: A retrospective cohort study

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 92-93 ◽

pp. 284-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Wei Liu ◽

Chen Huang ◽

Yu Hu ◽

Qingyan Fu ◽

Zhijun Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Life ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Early Life Exposures

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Associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability at age 5: a retrospective cohort study using population-wide linkage of administrative data in Tasmania, Australia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e033795

Author(s):

Catherine Louise Taylor ◽

Daniel Christensen ◽

Joel Stafford ◽

Alison Venn ◽

David Preen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Administrative Data ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Life ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Latent Class ◽

Teenage Mother ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveEarly childhood is a critical time to address risk factors associated with developmental vulnerability. This study investigated the associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability in children’s first year of full-time school at age 5.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation-wide linkage of administrative data records for children born in Tasmania, Australia in 2008–2010.ParticipantsThe cohort comprised 5440 children born in Tasmania in 2008–2010, with a Tasmanian 2015 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) record and a Tasmanian Perinatal Collection record.Outcome measureThe AEDC is a national measure of child development across five domains: physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based), and communication skills and general knowledge. Children who scored below the 10th percentile on one or more AEDC domains were classified as developmentally vulnerable. Children with special needs are not included in the AEDC results.ResultsLatent class analysis identified five clusters of risk factors: low risks (65% of children), sociodemographic and health behaviour risks (24%), teenage mother and sociodemographic risks (6%), birth risks (3%), and birth, sociodemographic and health behaviour risks (2%). In this sample population, 20% of children were classified as developmentally vulnerable, but the proportion varied substantially by latent class. Logistic regression showed increased odds of developmental vulnerability associated with sociodemographic and health behaviour risks (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.91 to 2.68, p<0.001), teenage mother and sociodemographic risks (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.69, p<0.001), and birth, sociodemographic and health behaviour risks (OR 3.29, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.16. p<0.001), but not birth risks (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.03, p=0.1649), relative to the reference group.ConclusionsThe patterning of risks across the five groups invites consideration of multisectoral policies and services to address complex clusters of risk factors associated with developmental vulnerability.

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Drug use disorder following early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31380/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ann Aschengrau ◽

Alexandra Grippo ◽

Michael R. Winter ◽

Margaret G. Shea ◽

Roberta F. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Life ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Contaminated Drinking Water ◽

Drug Use Disorder

Abstract Background: Many studies of adults with occupational exposure to solvents such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown adverse effects on cognition, mood and behavioral problems. Much less is known about neurotoxic effects in early life at lower exposure levels seen in community settings. We recently reported that illicit drug use was more frequent among adults from Cape Cod, Massachusetts who were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water during gestation and early childhood than their unexposed counterparts. Using newly collected data from this population-based retrospective cohort study, the current analysis examines whether early life PCE exposure is also associated with drug use disorder over the life course.Methods: Three-hundred and sixty-three subjects with prenatal and early childhood PCE exposure and 255 unexposed subjects were studied. These individuals (median age: 40-41 years) completed self-administered questionnaires on the eleven established diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder and confounding variables. A validated leaching and transport model was used to estimate exposure to PCE-contaminated water. Results: Overall, 23.3% of subjects reported having at least one criterion for drug use disorder over their lifetime. Early life PCE exposure was associated with a modest increase in the lifetime presence of one or more diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder (adjusted RR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Compared to unexposed subjects, PCE-exposed subjects were more likely to report having most diagnostic criteria of drug use disorder, including neglecting major roles due to drug use, physical and psychological problems related to drug use, and giving up activities due to drug use. No dose-response relationships were observed with increasing levels of PCE exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water during early life modestly increases the risk of developing diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder later in life. Because this study has several limitations, these findings should be confirmed in follow-up investigations of other exposed populations with more diverse racial and socioeconomic characteristics.

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