Global health burden of PM2.5, black and organic carbon aerosols

Ischemic stroke is a major global health burden, and T2D is a well-known comorbidity that aggravates brain injury after ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism by which T2D exacerbates stroke injury has not been completely elucidated.

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Global health burden of ambient PM2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2021.107020 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 107020

Author(s):

Sourangsu Chowdhury ◽

Andrea Pozzer ◽

Andy Haines ◽

Klaus Klingmüller ◽

Thomas Münzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Organic Aerosols ◽

Health Burden

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The role of simulation in burns education

British Journal of Hospital Medicine ◽

10.12968/hmed.2019.80.12.716 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (12) ◽

pp. 716-719

Author(s):

Jia Choong ◽

Zhi Yong Tan

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Global Health ◽

Simulation Training ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Safe Environment ◽

Health Burden ◽

Training Simulation ◽

The Uk

Burns are devastating injuries which represent a significant global health burden. In the UK alone, it is estimated that 175 000 people suffer from burns injuries requiring hospital attention every year. The global treatment of burns can be improved through a more systematic team-based approach, which can be achieved through simulation training. Simulation has an increasingly important role in medical education, not only allowing practitioners to apply their knowledge in a controlled and safe environment, but also allowing them to gain technical and non-technical skills. This article explores the role of simulation as an important and effective tool for burns education worldwide.

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Potential impact of ocean ecosystem changes due to global warming on marine organic carbon aerosols

Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽

10.1029/2009gb003559 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Akinori Ito ◽

Michio Kawamiya

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Ocean Ecosystem ◽

Ecosystem Changes ◽

Carbon Aerosols ◽

Marine Organic Carbon

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A global modeling study on carbonaceous aerosol microphysical characteristics and radiative effects

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-10-7439-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 7439-7456 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

S. E. Bauer ◽

S. Menon ◽

D. Koch ◽

T. C. Bond ◽

K. Tsigaridis

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Radiative Flux ◽

Radiative Effects ◽

Carbonaceous Particle ◽

Flux Change ◽

Aerosol Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

Carbon Aerosols ◽

Black Carbon Aerosols

Abstract. Recently, attention has been drawn towards black carbon aerosols as a short-term climate warming mitigation candidate. However the global and regional impacts of the direct, indirect and semi-direct aerosol effects are highly uncertain, due to the complex nature of aerosol evolution and the way that mixed, aged aerosols interact with clouds and radiation. A detailed aerosol microphysical scheme, MATRIX, embedded within the GISS climate model is used in this study to present a quantitative assessment of the impact of microphysical processes involving black carbon, such as emission size distributions and optical properties on aerosol cloud activation and radiative effects. Our best estimate for net direct and indirect aerosol radiative flux change between 1750 and 2000 is −0.56 W/m2. However, the direct and indirect aerosol effects are quite sensitive to the black and organic carbon size distribution and consequential mixing state. The net radiative flux change can vary between −0.32 to −0.75 W/m2 depending on these carbonaceous particle properties at emission. Taking into account internally mixed black carbon particles let us simulate correct aerosol absorption. Absorption of black carbon aerosols is amplified by sulfate and nitrate coatings and, even more strongly, by organic coatings. Black carbon mitigation scenarios generally showed reduced radiative fluxeswhen sources with a large proportion of black carbon, such as diesel, are reduced; however reducing sources with a larger organic carbon component as well, such as bio-fuels, does not necessarily lead to a reduction in positive radiative flux.

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Exploring the microbiota to better understand gastrointestinal cancers physiology

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2017-1163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 1400-1412 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Concetta Panebianco ◽

Adele Potenza ◽

Angelo Andriulli ◽

Valerio Pazienza

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Resistance To Therapy ◽

Health Burden ◽

Growing Body ◽

Liver And Pancreas ◽

The Relationship ◽

Gastrointestinal Microflora

AbstractGastrointestinal cancers account for around 40% of cancer-related deaths worldwide, representing a global health burden. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the link between microbiota and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and/or resistance to therapy. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the published studies on the relationship between the microbiota and the different gastrointestinal tumors, namely, gastric, colorectal and esophageal, including also the cancer of accessory organs such as liver and pancreas. There is an emergent interest in the manipulation of gastrointestinal microflora in order to understand the gastrointestinal tumorigenesis’ processes and the establishment of chemoresistance mechanisms.

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The inherited diseases of hemoglobin are an emerging global health burden

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2010-01-251348 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 115 (22) ◽

pp. 4331-4336 ◽

Cited By ~ 410

Author(s):

David. J. Weatherall

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

International Health ◽

Epidemiologic Transition ◽

Middle Income ◽

Poor Countries ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Health Burden ◽

Funding Agencies ◽

Complex Population ◽

International Health Organizations

Abstract It is estimated that in excess of 300 000 children are born each year with a severe inherited disorder of hemoglobin and that approximately 80% of these births occur in low- or middle-income countries. As these countries go through an epidemiologic transition, with a reduction in childhood and infant mortality due to improved public health measures, babies who would have previously died of these diseases before they were recognized are now surviving to present for diagnosis and treatment. Hence, they are presenting an increasing global health burden. Because of their uneven distribution in high-frequency populations, reflecting their complex population genetics, the true magnitude of this burden is still unknown. In many poor countries there are virtually no facilities for the diagnosis and management of these conditions, and even in richer countries there are limited data about their frequency, clinical course, or mortality. Without this information, it will be impossible to persuade governments about the increasing importance of these diseases. The situation will only be improved by concerted action on the part of the hematology community of the richer countries together with input from the major international health organizations and funding agencies.

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