scholarly journals Prophylactic Efficacy of Enrofloxacin and Tilmicosin on Bovine Respiratory Disease in Newly Arrived Beef Cattle Associated with Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihide KATO ◽  
Masakazu SAITO ◽  
Kazuaki SHOJI ◽  
Masashi ITAGAKI
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Prophylactic Efficacy

scholarly journals Bovine respiratory disease complex associated mortality and morbidity rates in feedlot cattle from southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Lopes Baptista ◽  
Amanda Lima Rezende ◽  
Pedro de Almeida Fonseca ◽  
Rodrigo Pelisson Massi ◽  
Geison Morel Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Introduction: A feedlot is an intensive farming system for finishing livestock. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle, especially in feedlots. Methodology: This study investigated the morbidity and mortality of BRD in a beef cattle feedlot in southeastern Brazil using: clinical diagnoses, therapy, morbidity, and mortality. Pulmonary fragments were collected from five steers, on feed from 3-32 days, with lesions of pneumonia for identification of BRD infectious agents PCR. Results: 188,862 steers were on feed and morbidity was 7.05% (13,315/188,862), mortality 0.64% (1,214/188,862). The causes of morbidity were: BRD (6.13%), lameness (0.29%), trauma (0.21%), clostridiosis (0.13%) and polioencephalomalacia, PEM (0.12%). The causes of mortality were: BRD (0.21%), trauma (0.17%), and clostridiosis (0.13%). When all sick cattle were considered (n=13,315), BRD (86.9%) was the principal cause of morbidity, followed by lameness (4.13%), trauma (3.05%), and clostridiosis (1.82%). The cost of BRD-associated cattle mortality and morbidity was estimated at $14,334.00/10,000 and $16,315.40/10,000 respectively. It was projected that the economic effects due to BRD-associated morbidity in Brazil were $6.31 million/annum, while losses due to mortality were $5.54 million, resulting in an annual loss of $11.85 million. Coinfections in cattle with pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were identified in 4/5 steers tested. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study that investigated the incidence of BRD in feedlot cattle from Brazil, and the results herein described indicate that BRD contributed significantly to the development of mortality and morbidity of cattle on feed.

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maodong Zhang ◽  
Janet E. Hill ◽  
Champika Fernando ◽  
Trevor W. Alexander ◽  
Edouard Timsit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing

Bovine respiratory disease research (1983–2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) research has provided significant understanding of the disease over the past 26 years. Modern research tools that have been used include monoclonal antibodies, genomics, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA vaccines and viral vectors coding for immunogens. Emerging/reemerging viruses and new antigenic strains of viruses and bacteria have been identified. Methods of detection and the role for cattle persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were identified; viral subunits, cellular components and bacterial products have been characterized. Product advances have included vaccines for bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida; the addition of BVDV2 to the existing vaccines and new antibiotics. The role of Mycoplasma spp., particularly Mycoplasma bovis in BRD, has been more extensively studied. Bovine immunology research has provided more specific information on immune responses, T cell subsets and cytokines. The molecular and genetic basis for viral–bacterial synergy in BRD has been described. Attempts have been made to document how prevention of BRD by proper vaccination and management prior to exposure to infectious agents can minimize disease and serve as economic incentives for certified health programs.

scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta-analysis of injectable antibiotic options for the control of bovine respiratory disease in the first 45 days post arrival at the feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
A. M. O'Connor ◽  
D. Hu ◽  
S. C. Totton ◽  
N. Scott ◽  
C. B. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Biological Index

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of antibiotics used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle on feedlots. The information sources for the review were: MEDLINE®, MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE® Daily, AGRICOLA, Epub Ahead of Print, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, the Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, World Buiatrics Conference, and the United States Food and Drug Administration Freedom of Information New Animal Drug Applications summaries. The eligible population was weaned beef cattle raised in intensive systems. The interventions of interest were injectable antibiotics used at the time the cattle arrived at the feedlot. The outcome of interest was the diagnosis of BRD within 45 days of arrival at the feedlot. The network meta-analysis included data from 46 studies and 167 study arms identified in the review. The results suggest that macrolides are the most effective antibiotics for the reduction of BRD incidence. Injectable oxytetracycline effectively controlled BRD compared with no antibiotics; however, it was less effective than macrolide treatment. Because oxytetracycline is already commonly used to prevent, control, and treat BRD in groups of feedlot cattle, the use of injectable oxytetracycline for BRD control might have advantages from an antibiotic stewardship perspective.

Pasteurella multocidaand bovine respiratory disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dabo ◽  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
A. W. Confer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Shipping Fever ◽  
Colonization Factors

AbstractPasteurella multocidais a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that has been classified into three subspecies, five capsular serogroups and 16 serotypes.P. multocidaserogroup A isolates are bovine nasopharyngeal commensals, bovine pathogens and common isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD), both enzootic calf pneumonia of young dairy calves and shipping fever of weaned, stressed beef cattle.P. multocidaA:3 is the most common serotype isolated from BRD, and these isolates have limited heterogeneity based on outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and ribotyping. Development ofP. multocida-induced pneumonia is associated with environmental and stress factors such as shipping, co-mingling, and overcrowding as well as concurrent or predisposing viral or bacterial infections. Lung lesions consist of an acute to subacute bronchopneumonia that may or may not have an associated pleuritis. Numerous virulence or potential virulence factors have been described for bovine respiratory isolates including adherence and colonization factors, iron-regulated and acquisition proteins, extracellular enzymes such as neuraminidase, lipopolysaccharide, polysaccharide capsule and a variety of OMPs. Immunity of cattle against respiratory pasteurellosis is poorly understood; however, high serum antibodies to OMPs appear to be important for enhancing resistance to the bacterium. Currently availableP. multocidavaccines for use in cattle are predominately traditional bacterins and a live streptomycin-dependent mutant. The field efficacy of these vaccines is not well documented in the literature.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida Isolate P1062, Isolated from Bovine Respiratory Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Abrahante ◽  
Samuel S. Hunter ◽  
Samuel K. Maheswaran ◽  
Melissa J. Hauglund ◽  
Fred M. Tatum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence

Here, we report the draft genome of Pasteurella multocida isolate P1062 recovered from pneumonic bovine lung in the United States in 1959.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pasteurella spp. Simultaneously Isolated from Nasal and Transtracheal Swabs from Cattle with Clinical Signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
D. C. DeRosa ◽  
G. D. Mechor ◽  
J. J. Staats ◽  
M. M. Chengappa ◽  
T. R. Shryock
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Matched Pairs

ABSTRACT Twenty-four matched pairs of isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica and three matched pairs of isolates of Pasteurella multocida were isolated by using a nasal swab and a transtracheal swab from individual calves with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease. The identity of each matched pair was confirmed biochemically and serologically. The similarity of the isolates obtained from a nasal swab and from a transtracheal swab was compared by using ribotyping and antibiotic susceptibility analyses. Although the calves were sampled only once with a nasal and a transtracheal swab, when both samples were bacteriologically positive the nasal swab identified the same bacterial species as the transtracheal swab 96% of the time. The nasal swab isolate was genetically identical to the transtracheal isolate in 70% of the matched pairs. Six different ribotypes were observed for the P. haemolytica isolates, while only one ribotype was observed for the limited number of P. multocida isolates. Of the six P. haemolytica ribotypes, two ribotypes predominated. All the paired isolates displayed similar susceptibility to ceftiofur, erythromycin, tilmicosin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and florfenicol, with some minor variations for ampicillin and spectinomycin. These results suggest that a nasal swab culture can be predictive of the bacterial pathogen within the lung when the isolates are from an acutely ill animal and can be used to determine antibiotic susceptibility.

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