scholarly journals A Review of The Contribution of Gut-Dependent Microbiota Derived Marker, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), in Coronary Artery Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-721
Author(s):  
Vasanth Konda Mohan ◽  
Melvin George
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a high prevalence and one of the principal drivers of mortality worldwide. Therefore, there is a requirement to develop sensitive diagnostic biomarkers, disease progression control and therapeutic stratification in order to keep a check on the disease rate. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, the main cause of heart disease, is associated with hyperlipidemia and lipid oxidation and has always been a common single leading cause of death in well-developed countries. In the attempts to study CAD and the causative agents for the disease, a metabolite circulating in the plasma termed trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been found out to be an independent risk factor that increases CAD risk. The use of a metabolomic approach has proven useful in the recent past, as it can aid in the identification and quantification of several metabolites that play a crucial role for diagnosis and exploring therapeutic targets. TMAO is majorly synthesized by a process which involves the bioconversion of gut microbiota and hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) from nutrient-containing dietary trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is synthesized by gut bacterial fermentation from the components present in meat such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), betaine, choline, and L-carnitine. It can accentuate the process of atherosclerosis through the novel meta-organismal metabolic pathway. TMAO leads to atherogenesis by increasing vascular inflammation, reducing vascular functions and disrupting cholesterol homeostasis at various levels. This review article attempts to summarize the pool of evidence collected on the microbiota-dependent TMAO and its association with atherosclerosis. We performed literature search with Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, on “TMAO in CAD”, “metabolites in CAD” and “TMAO in other diseases” from the year 1990 to 2020. Although the circulatory TMAO has been identified as an independent marker for CAD, there is still no conclusive evidence to justify its role as a routine marker for CAD diagnosis. Future research must clarify the mechanisms which underpin these complex associations to determine if there is a causal link exists between TMAO and CAD.

scholarly journals LDLR Gene Polymorphisms (rs5925 and rs1529729) Are Associated with Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease in a South Indian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan K. Jha ◽  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Shaheena Banu ◽  
S. M. S. Chahal
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in India and worldwide. Atherosclerosis is caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Hypercholesterolemia is an example of a classical risk factor for CVD. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is one of the regulating mechanisms the liver uses for cholesterol homeostasis. Gene variations in the LDLR have been reported to cause hypercholesterolemia and consequently CVD. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the LDLR (rs5925 and rs1529729) with coronary artery disease (CAD) in 200 coronary artery disease patients and 200 matched healthy controls using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). The results indicated that the CT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was associated a decreased susceptibility to CAD with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23–0.77), risk ratio (RR) = 0.59 (0.39–0.89), P = 0.0047. The TT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was also associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD with an OR = 0.19 (95% CI, 0.076–0.47), RR = 0.57 (0.47–0.69), P = 0.0003. The GA genotype of the rs5925 polymorphism was associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD with an OR = 0.45 (95% CI, 0.27–0.75), RR = 0.65 (0.47–0.88), P = 0.002. We concluded that the CT and TT genotypes of the rs1529729 polymorphism and the GA genotype of the rs5925 polymorphism are probably associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD. The simplicity of AS-PCR makes it particularly suitable for the rapid, large-scale screening of gene variabilities in the LDLR. AS-PCR could provide significant benefits in clinical applications with its ability to amplify a lower quantity of samples in a cost-saving manner. Nevertheless, these findings need to be validated in well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and in different populations.

scholarly journals The role of novel cytokines in inflammation: Defining peripheral artery disease among patients with coronary artery disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demet Ozkaramanli Gur ◽  
Savas Guzel ◽  
Aydin Akyuz ◽  
Seref Alpsoy ◽  
Niyazi Guler
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Syntax Score ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Distinct Features

Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with concomitant peripheral artery disease (PAD) experience more extensive and calcified atherosclerosis, greater lesion progression and more common coronary events compared to patients with CAD only. To characterize the distinct features of this aggressive atherosclerotic disease, we studied novel cytokines that code different stages of atherogenesis. One hundred and eighty consecutive subjects (60 patients into each group of CAD+PAD, CAD and controls) were recruited among patients with stable angina pectoris scheduled for coronary angiography. An ankle–brachial index (ABI) ≤0.9 was determined as occlusive PAD. Fasting serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like antigen 1A (TL1A) and its receptor death receptor 3 (DR3), NOGO-B (reticulon 4B) and its receptor NUS1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) 1, 4, 5 and interleukin (IL) 6 levels were determined. Serum hsCRP and DR3/TL1A concentrations were similar and higher than controls in the CAD and CAD+PAD groups. Levels of NOGO-B and its receptor NUS1 were increased and ADAMTS-5 was decreased in patients with CAD+PAD. Independent predictors of ABI in multivariate analysis were smoking (B = −0.13, p = 0.04), NUS1 (B = −0.88, p < 0.001), ADAMTS-5 (B = 0.63, p < 0.001) and SYNTAX score (B = −0.26, p < 0.001). Similarly, smoking (OR = 5.5, p = 0.019), SYNTAX score (OR = 1.2, p < 0.001), NUS1 (OR = 14.4, p < 0.001), ADAMTS-5 (OR = 1.1, p < 0.001) and age (OR = 1.1, p = 0.042) independently predicted the involvement of peripheral vasculature in logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of these cytokines to discriminate CAD+PAD were AUC 0.79 ( p < 0.001) for NUS1 and 0.37 ( p = 0.013) for ADAMTS-5. We report herein that circulating cytokines can give clues to the ongoing atherosclerotic process and the extent of vascular involvement in which distinct features of ADAMTS-5 and NUS1 make them promising cytokines for future research.

Study of coronary artery dominance in Nepalese population by angiographic method

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Karna ◽  
Arun Maskey ◽  
Himanshu Nepal ◽  
Dharma Nath Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Dominant Pattern ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Background and Aims: Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of death in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of coronary artery dominance in our Nepalese population by coronary angiography method and its correlation with the extent of coronary artery disease.Methods: A six-month hospital based prospective observational study of 220 patients (from August 2016 to January 2017) of either gender of 18 years of age or more, eligible for coronary angiography for diagnostic purpose, were performed in this study. The patients with valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease were excluded. The sociodemographic profile of the patients, pattern of coronary artery dominance and its association with coronary artery diseases were all recorded on a proforma. The data were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: A total of 220 patients, 66.82% (n=147) were male and 33.18% (n=73) were female. The mean age was 59.11±11.61 years. The age range was 34-81 years. There was no in-hospital mortality. Right coronary artery was dominant in 85.5%, left dominant in 10 % and co-dominant in 4.5% of the patient population. Abnormal ECG (du to ST-T changes) was 68.18% in left dominant and 42.02% in right dominant. The chance of having coronary artery disease with abnormal ECG (due to ST-T changes) compared to normal ECG is 24 times more in left dominant and 3.875 times more in right dominant.Conclusions: The right coronary dominant pattern is more prevalent in our population. There is no significant association of age and sex with coronary dominance. The Left coronary dominant pattern is more associated with the presence of coronary artery diseases.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; 14(2): 25-30

scholarly journals Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferases-2 gene polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Tao Wang ◽  
Buamina Maitusong ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Zhen-Yan Fu ◽  
Yi-Ning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background: Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cholesterol esters (CE) from free cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA and plays a critical role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In the present study, our primary objective was to explore whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACAT-2 gene were associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Uygur subjects, in Xinjiang, China. Methods: We designed a case–control study including 516 CAD patients and 318 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method, we genotyped two SNPs (rs28765985 and rs7308390) of ACAT-2 gene in all subjects. Results: We found that the genotypes, the dominant model (CC + CT vs TT) and over-dominant model (CT vs CC + TT) of rs28765985 were significantly different between CAD patients and the controls (P=0.027, P=0.012 and P=0.035, respectively). The rs28765985 C allele was associated with a significantly elevated CAD risk [CC/CT vs TT: odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–2.16, P=0.04] after adjustment for confounders. The TC and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in rs28765985 CC/CT genotypes than that in TT genotypes (P<0.05). Conclusions: Rs28765985 of ACAT-2 gene are associated with CAD in Uygur subjects. Subjects with CC/CT genotype or C allele of rs28765985 were associated with an increased risk of CAD.

scholarly journals Genetic Markers for Coronary Artery Disease

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Veljkovic ◽  
Bozidarka Zaric ◽  
Ilona Djuric ◽  
Milan Obradovic ◽  
Emina Sudar-Milovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
English Articles

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) are recognized as leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Although typically associated with behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits, such vascular phenotypes have also long been recognized as being related to genetic background. We review the currently available data concerning genetic markers for CAD in English and non-English articles with English abstracts published between 2003 and 2018. As genetic testing is increasingly available, it may be possible to identify adequate genetic markers representing the risk profile and to use them in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Endovascular treatment of patients with prolonged and diffuse coronary artery lesions

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
М.Н. Баркалов ◽  
Р.В. Атанесян ◽  
Ю.Г. Матчин
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
New Generation

Ишемическая болезнь сердца до сих пор является основной причиной инвалидизации и смертности среди взрослого населения в развитых странах мира, в том числе в России. Несмотря на значительные успехи в развитии технологий эндоваскулярного лечения и инструментального оснащения в интервенционной кардиологии, пациенты с диффузным поражением коронарного русла по-прежнему являются одной из самых обсуждаемых групп при выборе методики реваскуляризации миокарда. С целью решения данной проблемы разрабатываются новые инстру- менты, в том числе появились стенты новой генерации с биодеградируемым полимером длиной до 60 мм. Первые исследования показывают высокую эффективность и безопасность использования данной технологии лечения. В данном обзоре представлены сведения о морфологических особенностях коронарного русла пациентов с протяженным атеросклероти- ческим поражением и их влияние на прогноз. Также приведены данные о возможностях применения различных, в том числе современных методик эндоваскулярного лечения больных с протяженным поражением коронарных артерий. Приведен анализ результатов исследований, где сравниваются безопасность и эффективность различных методик эндоваскулярного лечения, а также особенности антитромбоцитарной терапии при лечении данной группы пациентов Coronary heart disease is still the main cause of disability and mortality among adults in developed countries, including Russia. Despite significant advances in the development of endovascular treatment technologies and instrumental equipment in interventional cardiology, patients with diffuse coronary artery disease are still one of the most discussed groups in the choice of myocardial revascularization method. In order to solve this problem, new instruments are being developed, including new generation stents with biodegradable polymer up to 60 mm long. The First studies show the high efficiency and safety of this treatment technology. The review presents information on the morphological features of the coronary bed of patients with prolonged atherosclerotic lesions and their impact on prognosis. The data on the possibilities of using various, including modern, methods of endovascular treatment of patients with prolonged coronary artery disease are also presented. The analysis of numerous results of researches where safety and efficiency of various methods of endovascular treatment, and also features of antiplatelet therapy at treatment of this group of patients are compared is resulted

scholarly journals Correlation between SCAP Genetic Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong He ◽  
Zhen-Yan Fu ◽  
Dilare Adi ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Ying-Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) plays a vital role in the modulation of cholesterol homeostasis, and cholesterol dysregulation is tightly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). To investigate the correlation of the genetic polymorphism of SCAP with CAD, we conducted a case-control study of 528 CAD patients (case group) and 483 age- and sex- matched subjects from whom CAD was excluded (control group). Three tagSNPs (rs147215799, rs17079634 and rs59586735) in SCAP gene were genotyped in all participants, the genotype and allele frequencies of which were compared between two groups to determine their associations with CAD. We found rs17079634 showed significant difference in genotype distribution between the case and control group (P=0.016). The difference was most prominent in a dominant model (TT vs. CT + CC, P=0.004). After adjustment for confounding factors, the difference remained statistically significant (OR =1.363, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.022~1.818, P=0.035). Whereas no significant associations of the other two SNPs with CAD were observed (P=0.393 for rs147215799 and 0.303 for rs59586735, respectively）. We drew conclusion that the SCAP genetic polymorphism rs17079634 was associated with CAD.

scholarly journals Management of ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA)

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e060602
Author(s):  
John F Beltrame ◽  
Rosanna Tavella ◽  
Dione Jones ◽  
Chris Zeitz
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Up to half of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography for the investigation of chest pain do not present with evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease. These patients are often discharged with a diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain, yet many could have an ischaemic basis for their symptoms. This type of ischaemic chest pain in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease is referred to as INOCA (ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries). This comprehensive review of INOCA management looks at why these patients require treatment, who requires treatment based on diagnostic evaluation, what clinical treatment targets should be considered, how to treat patients using a personalised medicine approach, when to initiate treatment, and where future research is progressing.

scholarly journals Link between Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: Bangladesh Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
AKMM Islam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Ullah ◽  
L Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Conventional Risk Factors

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an increasingly important medical and public healthproblem, and is the leading cause of mortality in Bangladesh. Besides conventional risk factors and ethnicity, a number of emerging risk factors may explain the undue prevalence of CAD in this population. Periodontal disease (PD) is one of them, with prevalence of approximately 50%. As with many other diseases, PD is associated with CAD, and the association is independent of conventional risk factors. Low socioeconomic condition, illiteracy and ignorance, metabolic syndrome, nutritional deficiencies including hypovitaminosis D presumably contribute to the prevalence of PD in Bangladesh. In fact, PD and CAD share some cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Future research will hopefully explore different aspects of both public health problems, namely, PD and CAD in the country. The information gathered thereby, will help formulate policy to promote good oral health and tackle the deadly epidemic of CAD more efficiently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20800 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 44-54

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document