scholarly journals Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Improves Overall Air Quality: An Evidence Based Study from Siliguri Metropolitan, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-587
Author(s):  
Subham Roy ◽  
Nimai Singha ◽  
Nishikanta Majumdar ◽  
Barsha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Variation

About more than two months of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, from the end of March to the end of May in the Siliguri city of West Bengal, India, results in a momentous change in the overall air quality. The study aimed to identify the propensity of the concentration of pollutants during the period pre, during and post lockdown through trend analysis and to evaluate the alteration of air quality at different phases of lockdown (including Phase I, II, III and IV). Also, to compares the changes in the concentration of various pollutants, including Air quality index (AQI) for pre-during and pre-post lockdown periods. Data were obtained for the time-span of before, during and after lockdown and the entire lockdown period (from 25th March to 31st May) was divided into four phases to better comprehend the extent of air quality variation. Each phase of lockdown reveals different air quality scenarios, with a tendency to reduce during the first phase, increase by the third phase, and again lessens to a minimum at the fourth phase. The result shows a significant reduction in the concentration of Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) (upto -66% respectively), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (upto -46%), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (upto -20%), Ammonia (NH3) (upto -19%) and AQI (upto -68%) during the lockdown period compared to before lockdown. On the other hand, overall Air quality was further improved after the lockdown as the concentration of the pollutants, including AQI, was further reduced to minimal. The changes for PM2.5 (upto -78%), PM10 (upto -76%), NO2 (upto -48%), SO2 (upto -40%), NH3 (upto -41%) and AQI (upto -80%) after the lockdown compared to the period of pre-lockdown. In contrast, the concentration of Ozone (O3) was increased by 21% and 25% for the same period. Similarly, the mean AQI of the city shows a poor AQI before lockdown, came to a satisfactory during the lockdown, which further changes to good air after the lockdown ended. Therefore, it is clear from the study that the lockdown has an impact on improving the overall air quality and further lockdown with appropriate planning in the future should be seen as an alternative solution to reducing excessive pollution.

scholarly journals Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Jin Ma ◽  
Gong-Unn Kang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Variation ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. In addition, we made a new attempt to calculate the reduced DosePM2.5 (μg) at the bronchiolar (Br.) and alveolar-interstitial (AI) regions of the 10-year-old children after the city lockdown/self-reflection of each city. A comparison of the average PM2.5 of a month before and after the lockdown (Wuhan) and self-reflection (Daegu and Tokyo) clearly shows that the PM2.5 concentration was decreased by 29.9, 20.9, and 3.6% in Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo, respectively. Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo also recorded 53.2, 19.0, and 10.4% falls of NO2 concentration, respectively. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM2.5 concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced DosePM2.5 10-year-old children (μg) (3660 μg at Br. and 6222 μg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 μg at Br. and 1287 μg at AI), and Tokyo (18 μg at Br. and 52 μg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. Our results suggest that the city lockdown/self-reflection had the effect of lowering the concentration of PM2.5, resulting in an extension of the period it took to the acute allergic airway inflammation (AAI) for the 10-year-old children.

scholarly journals Impacts on Air Quality Index in the Industrial town of Asansol (West Bengal, India) due to COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajrupa Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mining City ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Full Swing

Abstract The lockdown phase associated with COVID-19 pandemic initiated in full swing on and from 25th March, 2020 as preventive measures against the spreading of Corona virus. The objective of this study is to analyse the status of air quality of before and after lockdown in Asansol city which is second largest city of West Bengal, India and also known as “coal mining city”. Secondary data of five parameters like CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 have been collected from Central Pollution Control Board, India. The result shows significant decrease of five parameters from 42.4 % (CO) to 63.4 % (NO2) due to close down of all industrial and transport activities during lockdown period. Based on different investigation a green belt development plan for this polluted city has been suggested for sustainable air quality management.

scholarly journals Fostering implementation of knowledge into health practice: study protocol for the validation and redevelopment of the Knowledge Uptake and Utilization Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Shankar ◽  
Kelly Skinner ◽  
Melody E. Morton Ninomiya ◽  
Jasmin Bhawra
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Background Measurement of what knowledge is taken-up and how that information is used to inform practice and policies can provide an understanding about the effectiveness of knowledge uptake and utilization processes. In 2007, the Knowledge Uptake and Utilization Tool (KUUT) was developed to evaluate the implementation of knowledge into practice. The KUUT has been used by numerous large health organizations despite limited validity evidence and a narrow understanding about how the tool is used in practice and interpreted by users. As such, the overall purpose of this protocol is to redevelop the KUUT and gather validity evidence to examine and support its use in various health-related organizations. This protocol paper outlines a validation and redevelopment procedure for the KUUT using the unitary view of validity. Methods The protocol outlined in this article proceeds through four phases, starting with redeveloping the tool, then evaluating validity evidence based on: test content, response processes and internal structure. The initial phase gathers information to redevelop the tool, and evaluates item content and response format. The second phase evaluates response process validity evidence by examining how a variety of users interact with the tool. In the third phase, the tool will be pilot tested with knowledge users and, in the final phase, psychometric properties of the tool will be examined and a final scoring structure will be determined. A knowledge translation plan described herein outlines where the final tool will be housed and how the information about the tool will be disseminated. Discussion This protocol outlines a procedure to gather different sources of validity evidence for the KUUT. By addressing limitations in the original KUUT, such as complexities with scoring, a redeveloped KUUT supporting validity evidence will enhance the ability of health-related organizations to effectively use this tool for its intended purpose.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Based On Exceedance Factor and Air Quality Index for Siliguri City, West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subham Roy ◽  
Nimai Singha
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The City ◽  
Exceedance Factor

Bad air is one of the key concerns for most of the urban centres today, and Siliguri is no exceptions to this. In order to assess the air quality of Siliguri, Exceedance factor (EF) method was applied based on the average annual concentration of the pollutants named as; NO2, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 and it is found that PM2.5 and PM10 are the major pollutants that pose a severe threat for the city. After applying the EF method, it is found that the values of PM2.5 was between moderate to high pollution level and for PM10 it falls under high to critical pollution level. On the other hand, the concentration of NO2 and SO2 falls under moderate to low pollution level. Through trend analysis of the various pollutants, it is found that their concentration was varying in nature. In case of PM10, the trend shows high concentration which exceeds national standard; whereas PM2.5 shows its concentration near towards violating the national standard soon if not checked. In contrast, trends of NO2 and SO2 were recorded lower than the national standard. The present situation of ambient air of Siliguri was analyzed based on Air Quality Index which reveals that air quality of the city can be classified into two seasons, i.e. clean air period (from April to October) and polluted period (from November to March). Lastly, the annual trends of PM2.5 and PM10 were constructed as they are the major pollutants, and it shows their skewed nature during winter months which results in smog episodes. It unveils how critical the situation of air quality of Siliguri became especially during winter months which seek immediate attention. Thus the study tries to present a vivid scenario about the present air quality of Siliguri, which concludes with some of the suggestions to restrain the air quality.

The Excavation of a Multiple Round Barrow at Barnack, Cambridgeshire 1974–1976

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Donaldson ◽  
I. A. Kinnes ◽  
Calvin Wells
Keyword(s):  
Time Span ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Outer Bank ◽  
Multiple Round ◽  
Grave Goods

SummaryA multiple round barrow with three ditches and a double circle of stakes. The first phase was a bowl barrow with a buried inner ditch and a Beaker primary accompanied by a fine group of grave goods; the second phase was a ditchless refurbishing with a stake revetted mound for a cremation; the third phase was a bell barrow with an outer bank for an unaccompanied inhumation. There were at least twenty-two inhumations and one cremation interred over a time span of the order of 350 years.

Investigation of Viscosity and Thermodynamic Properties on the Bioleaching Solution with and without Mesophilic Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
Mei Lin Liu ◽  
Ren Man Ruan ◽  
Jian Kang Wen ◽  
Dian Zuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Third Phase Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Ionic Activity Coefficients ◽  
Ubbelohde Viscometer

In this study, the viscosities and conductivities of bioleaching solution were determined by Ubbelohde viscometer and conductivity meter, respectively. The mean ionic activity coefficients, relative partial molar free energies of copper bioleaching solution at above experimental temperatures ranging from 298 K to 313 K have been calculated. Simultaneously, these characters of copper bioleaching solution were compared with and without mesophilic bacteria. The experimental data showed that the viscosities and thermodynamic properties for bioleaching solution would be crucial to minimize the third phase formation so as to increase extraction efficiency.

scholarly journals Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Saif-ur-Rehman Kashif ◽  
Sadia Ismail Shah ◽  
Fariha Arooj
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Industrial Exhaust ◽  
The City ◽  
Vehicular Exhaust

This study was conducted to estimate the contribution of vehicular exhaust gases towards ambient air quality in Lahore, Pakistan during 2017. LANDCOM-III flue gas analyzer was used for determination of vehicular exhaust pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, NO, H2S, HC) for five vehicles groups (motor bikes, Qingqi rickshaw, local cars, imported cars and public transport vans) from April to September, 2017. Major pollutants were compared with their National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for the country. Ambient air quality was monitored using Haz scanner HIM-6000 during smog formation in the city in October and November, 2017. From the study, it was concluded that except local and imported cars, all vehicles groups emit high concentration of pollutants as compared to the standard values. It is also observed that public transport vehicles i.e. Qingqi rickshaw and vans contribute more towards atmospheric pollution as compared to other vehicle groups in the city. During smog formation in the city, PM2.5 and PM10, NO, NO2 (NOx) concentration was decreased whereas concentration of O3, H2S and VOCs increased in November than October. Ozone concentration during the smog was below NEQS indicating that smog was not totally photochemical smog but mainly originated from vehicular and industrial exhaust gases.

scholarly journals How Clean Is the Air You Breathe? Air Quality During Commuting Using Various Transport Modes in Nottingham

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Bubaker Shakmak ◽  
Matthew Watkins ◽  
Amin Al-Habaibeh
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The City

AbstractAir quality has developed into a significant global issue and its negative effect on human health, wellbeing and ultimately the effect of shortening of life expectancy is becoming a pressing concern. Such concerns are most acute in cities in the UK. Although many cities, including Nottingham, are taking significant measures to enhance air quality, there was limited work focusing on the individual’s experience during commuting. This paper suggests a novel approach for measuring commuting air quality through quantifying particulate matters PM2.5 and PM10, using the city of Nottingham as a case study. Portable low-cost systems comprising of a GPS sensor and an Aeroqual pollution data logger were used to capture data and develop the sensor fusion via newly developed software. Data was collected from a variety of transport modes comprising bike, bus, car, tram and walking to provide evidence on relative particulate levels and 2D and 3D data maps were produced to communicate the relative pollution levels in a publicly accessible manner. The study found as expected particulate pollution to be higher during peak hours and typically closer to the city. However whilst the lowest particulate concentrations were found on the Tram the highest were for cyclists contrary to the literature. The project encompasses a democratic crowd sourced approach to data collection by enabling the public to gather data via their daily commute, increasing people’s awareness of the air quality in their locality. The acquired data permitted a range of comparisons considering differing times of day and zones such as the city centre and surrounding residential areas in the City council boundary.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BAGI SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN 187/IV KOTA JAMBI

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Juniar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Classroom Action Research

This study presents a research report on improving students’ Learning results on IPA through Video. The objective was to find out whether students’ learning result improved when they are taught by using Video. It was conducted using classroom action research method. The subject of the study was the Grade IV students of SDN 187/IV Kota Jambi which is located on Jln. Adi Sucipto RT 05 Kecamatan Jambi Selatan, and the number of the students were 21 persons. The instruments used were test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the on fisrt sycle was 65,4 (42,85%) and the mean on cycle two was 68,5 (37,15%) and the mean of the third cycle was 81,4 (100%). Then it can be concluded that the use of video on learning IPA can improve the students’ learning result. It is suggested that teachers should use video as one of the media to improve students’ learning result on IPA.Keywords : IPA, students’ learning result, video

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH THINK PAIR SHARE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotria Manik ◽  
Elia Masa Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Writing Tests

This study attempts to improve students’ writing achievement in recount text through Think-Pair-Share Strategy. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class VIII-1 SMPN 1 Pematangsiantar. The number of the students was 32 students, consisted of 5 males and twenty seven females. The research was conducted in two cycles and consisted of six meetings. The instruments for collecting data were writing tests as the quantitative data and diary notes, observation sheet, interview sheet and questionnaire sheet as qualitative data. Based on the writing score, students’ scores kept improving in every test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the first test as a pre-test was 57.84, for the second test as a post test I was 73.56, for the third test as a post test II was 77.56. Based on diary notes, observation sheet and questionnaire sheet, it was found that students were actively involved in writing process. The result of the research showed that Think-Pair-Share Strategy can improve students’ achievement in writing recount text.   Keywords: Think Pair Share, Writing, Recount text, Action research

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