scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils of National Capital Region, Delhi: Levels and Ecological Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 804-817
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Tripti Agarwal ◽  
Sudesh Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Irrigated Soils

This study was conducted to assess heavy metals concentrations in agricultural soils in the National Capital Region, Delhi. A total of 84 soil samples were collected from selected agricultural areas located near industries, national highways, state highways, Yamuna floodplain, residential complexes, and wastewater irrigated soils. Heavy metal concentrations, pH, and organic carbon (%) were analyzed in the collected soil samples. The average value of pH, and organic carbon (%) in the soil samples were 7.79±0.49 and 0.53±0.17 percent respectively. Average concentrations of heavy metals (mg kg-1) in the agricultural soils were found in the order of Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd with value as 14916.92, 13538.87, 277.16, 74.53, 35.34, 33.68, 22.94, 18.45, 1.88, and 0.92 . The concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Mn reported in the present study were several times higher than their concentration in Indian natural background soils. A significant potential ecological risk has been noticed in nearly all the agricultural soil samples except for the samples collected nearby residential areas. The contamination factor has shown that most of the soil samples were moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, Fe, and Cr and some soil samples were considerably to strongly contaminated with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni. Wastewater irrigated soils showed a moderate to a strong degree of accumulation of Zn, Cd, and Ni.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Sudesh Chaudhary ◽  
Tripti Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Abstract The present study was conducted to assess heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in the National Capital Region, Delhi. A total of 84 soil samples were collected from selected agricultural areas located near industries, national highways, state highways, Yamuna floodplain, residential complexes, and wastewater irrigated soils. Heavy metal concentrations (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pH, and organic carbon (%) were analyzed in the collected soil samples. The average value of pH and organic carbon in the soil samples collected were 7.79±0.49 and 0.53±0.17 percent. Average concentrations of heavy metals in soils were found to be in the order of Fe> Al>Mn> Zn> Ni>Cr> Cu>Pb> Co> Cd with value as 14916.92 mg kg -1 , 13538.87 mg kg -1 , 277.16 mg kg -1 , 74.53 mg kg -1 , 35.34 mg kg -1 , 33.68 mg kg -1 , 22.94 mg kg -1 , 18.45 mg kg -1 , 1.88 mg kg -1 , and 0.92 mg kg -1 . A very high concentration of Fe (6640.09-32650.23 mg kg -1 ), Al (5631-27209.99 mg kg -1 ), Mn (73.8-735.72 mg kg -1 ), Zn (16.45-221.88 mg kg -1 ), Ni (7.63-192.63 mg kg -1 ), and Cr (9.65-127.21 mg kg -1 ) were recorded in agricultural soil samples. The average concentrations of Mn, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were several times higher than their concentration in Indian natural background soils. A significant potential ecological risk has been noticed in nearly all the agricultural soil samples except for the samples collected nearby residential areas. The contamination factor has shown that most of the soil samples were moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, Fe, and Cr and some soil samples were considerably to strongly contaminated with Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ni. Wastewater irrigated soils showed a moderate to a strong degree of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Zn).

scholarly journals Industrial Activities and Heavy Metal Pollution: Assessment of Concentration of Zn, Cu, Cd Cr and, Pb in Soil Samples around Dangote Cement Factory Kogi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Sani Daniel Eneji ◽  
Matthew Chijioke Apeh ◽  
Enyojo Samson Okwute ◽  
Alowakennu Micheal ◽  
Kayode Ibrahim Fesomade
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geo Accumulation

This study aims at determining the concentration of heavy metal contaminants in the soil around Dangote cement factory Kogi State, Nigeria. It also seeks to understand the relationship between the heavy metals and the level of concentration with respect to distance and direction as well as the ecological risk it poses. The monitoring and assessment of soil pollution have over the years become a very important area of study due to the significant threat it poses to the food web. A total of 33 soil samples were collected in the Northern, Eastern and Western axis within a radius of 4km of Dangote cement factory at a depth of 0-15cm using a stainless steel auger. The contamination factor indices for Cr and Cu show moderate pollution across all the samples collected from different axis at a different distance from the factory. Zn also pose a moderate pollution across the samples except for WK4 and NK4 where it is in a low level of contamination. The geo-accumulation indices for Pb and Cr show unpolluted to moderately polluted across all samples at different locations expect for sample location EK4. The results of the ecological risk assessment revealed that Cd poses the highest ecological risk of all the five heavy metals investigated.

scholarly journals An Innovative Approach to Assess the Ecotoxicological Risks of Soil Exposed to Solid Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6141
Author(s):  
Despina-Maria Bordean ◽  
Luminita Pirvulescu ◽  
Mariana-Atena Poiana ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Antoanela Cozma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills ◽  
Illegal Waste

The adoption of sustainable waste management strategies is a challenge faced by most European countries, mainly due to the need to generate less waste and replace landfills with new methods of waste treatment, associated with increases in the separate collection of waste and recycling rates. This paper highlights the significance of environmental legislation regarding waste removal to protect ecosystems. The aim was to predict ecological responses to heavy metals in soil exposed to hazardous waste and to identify environmental hazards in landfills, small illegal waste dumps, and litter, in addition to identifying if heavy metal accumulation in the investigated soil samples showed a single or cumulative risk. This is an innovative method to predict the ecological risk generated by hazardous waste landfills. The assessment of ecological risks was based on the evaluation of a heavy metal soil contamination factor, pollution index of soil loadings, a geo-accumulation index for heavy metals, and potential ecological risk. The current study is also the first to attempt to identify the dimension of risk based on the type of waste deposit (landfill, small illegal waste dump, and litter) and to identify potential patterns. The geological index corresponding to cadmium Igeo(Cd) showed heavy contamination in the soil samples from the landfill and moderate contamination for those from the illegal waste dumps. These findings indicate that soil contamination is influenced by contamination time, anthropogenic processes, and a history of industrial activity, and not only by waste composition and storage. The present study shows that cadmium might be considered a latent fingerprint for waste disposal, which is correlated to the industrialization level and rehabilitation procedures.

scholarly journals Contamination Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil, in the Liwa Area (UAE)

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Taani ◽  
Yousef Nazzal ◽  
Fares M. Howari ◽  
Jibran Iqbal ◽  
Nadine Bou Orm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Metal Levels

The Liwa area is a primary food production area in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and has intensively been used for agriculture. This study investigates the pollution levels with heavy metals in agricultural soils from the Liwa area. Thirty-two soil samples were analyzed for Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, and As. Results revealed that heavy metal levels varied in the ranges 220.02–311.21, 42.39–66.92, 43.43–71.55, 32.86–52.12, 10.29–21.70, 2.83–8.84, 0.46–0.69, 0.03–0.37 mg/kg for Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, and As, respectively. All samples presented low As concentrations with an average of 0.01 mg/kg. The variations in bulk metal contents in the soil samples were related to multiple sources, including agrochemicals, atmospheric dust containing heavy metals, and traffic-related metals. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cr were highly enriched in soils, and they could originate from non-crustal sources. Based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the soil samples appeared uncontaminated with Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Co, As, Cu, uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Ni and moderately contaminated with Cd. The contamination factors suggest low contamination, except for Ni, which showed moderate contamination. The average pollution load index (PLI) revealed unpolluted to low pollution of all soil samples. The ecological risk assessment (PERI) showed that all heavy metals posed a low risk, except for Cd which exhibited a high ecological risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ground Water of Different Locations of National Capital Region, Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
J. Dinakaran ◽  
N. S. Abbas ◽  
Shvetambri Arora ◽  
Sujata Bhardwaj ◽  
Babeeta C. Kaula
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Study Sites

The quality of ground water in any region of the world entirely depends on different types of chemical constituents and their concentration levels in surrounding environment or dissolved in water. The main aim of this study was to assess some basic hydro-chemical parameters and heavy metals in ground water of National Capital Region (NCR), India. Thus, we have collected ground water samples from different sources viz., Najafargarh (NG), Bindapur (BP), Dwarka (BC and BG), Uttam Nagar (UN) and Sonipat (SP) in the NCR and analyzed electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), and Lead (Pb). The values of EC, TDS and salinity across the study sites range from 0.32 to 11.41 mS/cm, 233 to 8100 ppm and 154 to 6310 ppm respectively. Whereas, the mean level of heavy ion concentration in ground water was in the sequence of Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cu > Cd across the study sites. It has been concluded that, except for Uttam Nagar, ground water from all study sites is contaminated with heavy metals like Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb and As. Therefore, the ground water from study sites that are polluted is unfit for drinking purpose and may pose health risks.

Heavy Metals Assessment in Urban Air of National Capital Region of Delhi Using Spider Webs as Bioindicator

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upasana Bhati ◽  
Sanjay Keshari Das ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Naresh Chandra Gupta ◽  
Neetu Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
National Capital

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Katsina state Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ibrahim Yaradua ◽  
Adamu Jibrin Alhassan ◽  
Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Kabir Ibrahim Matazu ◽  
Aminu Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load

This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu).  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 20.195-38.347 ppm), followed by Zn (range: 0.528-1.134 ppm), Pb (range: 0.256-0.627 ppm), Mn (range: 0.261-0.572 ppm) and Cr (range: 0.093-0.344 ppm). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.022-0.043 ppm). For all the site sampled the heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to Muller’s classification,  soil samples from Birchi, Daura, Dutsinma, Kafur and Zango were unpolluted (class 0) while soil samples from Dabai, Funtua, Ingawa, Katsina, Malunfashi and Matazu are moderately polluted (class 1). The result for the enrichment factor has shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Fe, which shows significant enrichment for all the sites sampled all the other heavy metals show deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all soil samples the heavy metal Fe has a CF values range of 1.2861-2.3240, indicating that the Agricultural soil samples are moderately contaminated with Fe. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution, with the sampling site for Katsina displaying the highest PLI value while the sampling site of Ingawa has the lowest PLI. The Eri values for all samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk.  The results suggest that the Agricultural soils samples from Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.Key words: Agricultural soils, Heavy metals, Katsina state, Pollution load index, Contamination factor.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through the Consumption of Vegetables in the National Capital Region, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Tripti Agarwal ◽  
Sudesh Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Source ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
National Capital

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal contamination in the vegetables growing in the national capital region of India and to assess the health risk in human resulting from consumption of these vegetables. A total of 99 vegetable samples were collected from the selected study area during the winter season and were analyzed for heavy metals contamination by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of heavy metal in the vegetable samples was in the following order: Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Co. The mean concentration of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in the vegetables was 158.01 mg kg− 1dw − 1, 0.23 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 0.04 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 3.70 mg kg− 1 dw− 1 7.82 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 297.87 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 39.81 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 1.78 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, 0.52 mg kg− 1 dw− 1, and 32.21 mg kg− 1 dw− 1 for respectively. The statistical analysis supported the formation of two primary clusters Al-Fe-Pb and Cu-Zn, indicating their common source of origin. Most of the vegetable samples exceeded the permissible limit of heavy metals prescribed by the Food and agricultural organization/ World health organization (FAO/WHO) standards. The total target hazard quotient was greater than 1 for all types of vegetables, indicating appreciable health risk due to the consumption of these vegetables in the study area.

scholarly journals Comparison of heavy metals contamination and ecological risk between soils enriched with compost and chemical fertilizers in the North of Iran and ecological risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoliman Amouei ◽  
Hourieh Fallah ◽  
Hosseinali Asgharnia ◽  
Abbas Mousapour ◽  
Hadi Parsian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
The North ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
North Of Iran

Background: Nowadays, uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture is one of the reasons for the entry of heavy metals into the environment. In this study, the heavy metals contamination of the soils enriched with compost and chemical fertilizers in the North of Iran and its ecological risk assessment were evaluated. Methods: In this study, 108 soil samples were collected from agricultural soils of some places of Babol in Mazandaran province. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PG-990) was used to determine the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and zinc in the soil samples. The assessment of soil contamination was performed by the contamination factor, degree of contamination indices, and the potential ecological risk of the heavy metals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive and chi-square tests were used to compare the mean with existing standards. Significant level was considered at P<0.05. Results: The highest lead concentration (35.7 ± 9.5 mg/kg) was observed at 5-cm depth, and the maximum cadmium (1.1 ± 0.2 mg/kg) and zinc (88 ± 22.6 mg/kg) concentrations were observed at 15-cm depth. The results showed that lead, cadmium, and zinc concentrations in the agricultural soils enriched with compost fertilizers were acceptable, but agricultural soils enriched with chemical fertilizers indicated higher content than those enriched with compost fertilizers and higher than the maximum allowable concentration. The maximum contamination degree, pollution index, and potential ecological risk in the agricultural soils enriched with the chemical fertilizers were 15.77, 1.97, and 293.48, respectively, and these soils had low potential pollution and moderate ecological risks. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to use compost fertilizers for the agricultural soils enrichment.

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