scholarly journals INNOVATIVENESS OF BELARUSIAN ECONOMY THROUGH THE PRISM OF ITS COMPETITIVE POSITION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Technological Intensity

The main purpose of this study is to answer the question of how innovative Belarusian economy is. Its innovativeness has been assessed through an in-depth analysis of Belarus’ position in international trade, especially in high- and medium-high-technology goods, on the back of the assumption that any competitive advantages possessed in them testify to the economy’s high innovativeness. The analysis of the dynamics of long-term revealed comparative advantages in Belarusian foreign trade by using Balassa’s RCA methodology and covering the years 2000-2014, has shown that the country was generally characterized by low innovativeness, as evidenced by the possession of such advantages only in trade in goods of relatively low technological intensity (medium-low technology). Meanwhile, in hi-tech goods (high and medium-high technology), Belarus did not have any (or only had relatively small) long-term revealed comparative advantages. Moreover, Belarus’ competitiveness in international trade deteriorated over that period, not only regarding high and medium-high technology goods but also in foreign trade overall. This seems to be, amongst others, the consequence of low efficiency of the country’s current innovation policy.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of the Baltic States in International High-Technology Goods Trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Baltic

The aim of the article is to assess the international competitiveness of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) in high-technology goods trade. To this end, Balassa’s method of analysing revealed comparative advantages (RCA) was applied. An in-depth analysis of the dynamics of RCAs in the Baltic States’ exports between 1997 and 2014 has shown that their international competitiveness in this regard is relatively low, the direct consequence of which is the growing negative trade balance in high-technology goods. Also, during the analysed period Lithuania possessed no RCAs in trading high-technology goods, while the number of advantages for Estonia and Latvia was relatively small. Still, among the three Baltic States, Estonia was found to be most competitive in this regard, although in Latvia some progress was observed. In contrast, Lithuania not only had the lowest values of RCA, but also it did not record any improvement in the analysed period.

scholarly journals RUSSIA’S IMPACT ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF OTHER EAEU MEMBER STATES WITH RESPECT TO TRADE IN HIGH-TECH GOODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Hypothetical Situation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this article is to determine the influence of Russia (in terms of their exports to Russia) on the competitiveness of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in the international trade of high-tech goods in 2000-2016 in the context of the overall competitiveness of these countries in the international trade in this goods category. To this end, the author’s formula was used, which is a modification of the method of analysis of revealed comparative advantages in foreign trade of a given country developed by B. Balassa, while taking into account a hypothetical situation of total exclusion of exports to a country whose impact on the competitiveness of a given country is under examination. The analysis clearly shows that the influence of Russia (in terms of their exports to Russia) on the international competitiveness of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in the area of high-tech goods trade in 2000-2016 was generally positive, although it differed in terms of strength of the impact, with the strongest being the case of Belarus and the weakest being the case of Armenia. However, this did not change the overall uncompetitive position of the analysed EAEU countries in the total international trade of high-tech goods.

scholarly journals Patterns of external insertion in global value chains: a comparative analysis between Brazil and China

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-191
Author(s):  
Caroline Giusti de Araújo ◽  
Antonio Carlos Diegues
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Technological Clusters ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Intensity

ABSTRACT The international trade literature has shown the benefits of the international fragmentation of production for developing countries. However, there are considerations about the hierarchy and control in Global Value Chains (GVCs). Thus, this research aims to evaluate the Brazilian and Chinese international insertion in GVCs by proposing an index about technological sophistication in exports (qtech) by technological intensity for 2005-2015. The results pointed out that the integration in GVCs and technological sophistication have been directed towards technological clusters in which Brazil has revealed comparative advantages, while China has been moving towards technological clusters with dynamic comparative advantages.

The Development Status, Problems And Strategies Of China’s Cross-Border E-Commerce Comprehensive Pilot Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3767-3776
Author(s):  
Shuai Guan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
International Market ◽  
New Order ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Depth Analysis

As a new international trade situation, cross-border e-commerce has become a link to promote the development of foreign trade and stabilize the international industrial supply chain. China’s cross-border e-commerce has grown by more than 30% annually, which is not only a new engine to promote foreign trade growth and a new shortcut to foreign trade transformation, but also a new channel to encourage import consumption and stimulate domestic demand. At the same time, it also provides enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, with the possibility of better docking the international market and expanding the international market at lower cost. In order to cope with the new order of international trade, Chinese government has launched the initiative of setting up Cross-border E-commerce Comprehensive Pilot Areas, which have made some achievements, but also faces a series of challenges. This paper summarizes their development status and experiences first. Based on the in-depth analysis of the problems and future trends, it puts forward the development strategy to provide reference for the sustainable development of cross-border e-commerce.

scholarly journals USING COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE FUNCTION OF INCREASING THE EXPORT EFFECTS

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Vladislav Marjanovic ◽  
Maja Marjanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Republic

For many years, the Republic of Serbia has had a huge problem with balance of payment, which can be seen in chronic deficit in the current balance. Small and inadequate supply and large export demand caused by structural and economic system`s problems are the main reason for such a situation. Regardless the fact that the balance on services of the Republic of Serbia has recorded permanent surplus for years (with an exception of few years when it was in deficit due to errors of economic policy) it is not able to fill in the gaps between export and import of balance on goods, which has been chronically in deficit for decades. Because of that, the future economic policy of the Republic of Serbia should be directed to long-term solutions of problems of the balance of payment, in the sense of its sustainable deficit. This means that the increase in export should be an imperative in the long run, and restructuring of the economy in the sense of increasing the share of export-propulsive sectors is a condition sine qua non.In order for effects of export to be higher and to have positive effects on the balance of payment and the competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia, all comparative advantages of the economy should be used and their shift to competitive advantages should be speeded up. In this regard, this paper will particularly analyze the “revealed comparative advantages”. We will make an attempt to identify crucial sectors and groups, which show revealed comparative advantages, with a special focus on identifying service sectors, which traditionally record surplus in the foreign trade.

scholarly journals Long-Term Comparative Advantages of the Eurasian Economic Union Member States in International Trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
Union Member ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract On 1st January 2015 the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - a new integration block comprising initially Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia, and later that year also Armenia and Kyrgyzstan - appeared on the world map. This paper endeavors to identify the EAEU countries’ long-term international comparative advantages within four basic groups of goods according to the OECD classification of manufacturing industries based on technology intensity. The analysis, using B. Balassa’s RCA methodology and covering the years 2000-2014, indicates that these countries lack competitiveness, with none of them possessing any RCAs in the high-technology category whereas in the medium-hightechnology category - only Belarus. In contrast, all the EAEU countries fared the best in the medium-low-technology category, which is mostly attributable to the resources-based character of their economies. Surprisingly, dramatically low international competitiveness was recorded by Kazakhstan and Russia.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico de la logística del carbón en Norte de Santander

Respuestas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Rodríguez-Guevara ◽  
Adriana Mora-Urbina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Physical Distribution ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Cost

Antecedentes: La participación del carbón colombiano en el mercado internacional ha dependido y dependerá fundamentalmente de competir con precios con otros posibles proveedores internacionales, si no se cambia la estrategia a competir. Por ello uno de los factores más importantes a tener en cuenta tiene que ver con los costos de la operación logística, para el caso de Norte de Santander. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este proyecto es realizar el diagnóstico de la operación logística del carbón en Norte de Santander. Metodología: Básicamente la metodología utilizada fue la aplicación de encuestas a los principales expertos y empresarios exportadores de Carbón en Norte de Santander. Resultados: Uno de los aspectos más relevantes que mitigan la posibilidad de capturar valor en el comercio exterior, son sus altos costos en la operación logística. El problema identificado se da en la ausencia de estudios que permitan caracterizar la distribución física internacional del sector del carbón en Norte de Santander, en losMunicipios más representativos para su extracción. Conclusiones: Finalmente el proceso de internacionalización de la economía obliga a los sectores productivos, a pasar de las ventajas comparativas, a ventajas competitivas. Estas últimas son necesarias para aprovechar los mercados internacionales, sin embargo, sectores estratégicos por su potencial en reservas y características de su producto, como el sector del carbón en Norte de Santander, aún no consolidan elementos para su aprovechamiento.Abstract Background: The participation of Colombian coal in the international market has depended and will depend primarily on price to compete with other potential international suppliers, if the strategy is not changed to compete. Therefore one of the most important factors to consider has to do with the cost of logistics operation, in the case of Norte de Santander. Objective: The main objective of this project is to make the diagnosis of coal logistics operation in Northern Santander. Methods: Basically the methodology used was the application of polls leading experts and entrepreneurs exporters of coal in Norte de Santander. Results: One of the most important aspects that mitigate the possibility of capturing value in foreign trade are high costs in logistics operation. The identified problem occurs in the absence of studies to characterize the international physical distribution of coal in Norte de Santander, the most representative for extraction Municipalities sector. Conclusions: Finally the internationalization of the economy requires productive sectors, to shift from comparative advantages to competitive advantages. These are needed to tap international markets, however, strategic sectors for its potential reserves and features of your product, as the coal sector in Norte de Santander, not yet consolidated elements for their use.Palabras Clave: Carbón, Diagnóstico, Estrategia, Investigación, Logística

scholarly journals Comparative advantages of Bulgarian production and exports

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Vera Pirimova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

The present study focuses on the analysis of the competitiveness and the comparative advantages of Bulgarian production and exports. It is structured in two parts. The first part summarizes the positions of Bulgaria in the index of global competitiveness and the more important criteria related to foreign trade. In the second part some theoretical concepts for comparative competitive advantages are systematized. Out of them the indices of B. Belasa and M. Amir have been chosen and calculated and on this basis the conclusions about the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the Bulgarian production and export of certain commodities and commodity groups, manifested in 2012-2016, are drawn. Stepping on these conclusions the possibilities for expanding or restricting the export of specific commodity groups and for increasing the competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy are systematized. In this research mathematical and statistical methods are applied, mostly the index method, along with methods of analysis and synthesis.

The Comparative Advantages of Manufacturing Industry of Serbia

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
International Market ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Balassa Index

In this chapter, the authors have also pointed out to a fact that the Serbian processing industry has been encumbered by problems from the past, lack of investments, innovation and research, which has a restrictive effect on the competitiveness, inclusion on international market and adjustment to market regularities. After reading this chapter, it will be clear which sectors in Manufacturing Industry of Serbia, more precisely Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages industry have a positive comparative advantage in long-term interval, i.e. which ones are competitive on international market. Readers will find out that the Serbian Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages industry has a surplus in international trade. They will understand how could be kept track of the changes in export value of Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages industry through the Balassa index (RCA), Lafay (LFI) and the modified index of comparative advantage (Sm) and specialization in international trade, by using the Grubel Lloyd's index (GL) on international market. They will be introduced to the examples of food industry in Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Turkey, China and Croatia, and will understand specificities and the effects of implemented transformations in these countries.

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