Theoretical Grounds of the Development of Long-Term Competitive Advantages in International Trade

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Misala
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Competitive Advantages

scholarly journals INNOVATIVENESS OF BELARUSIAN ECONOMY THROUGH THE PRISM OF ITS COMPETITIVE POSITION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Technological Intensity

The main purpose of this study is to answer the question of how innovative Belarusian economy is. Its innovativeness has been assessed through an in-depth analysis of Belarus’ position in international trade, especially in high- and medium-high-technology goods, on the back of the assumption that any competitive advantages possessed in them testify to the economy’s high innovativeness. The analysis of the dynamics of long-term revealed comparative advantages in Belarusian foreign trade by using Balassa’s RCA methodology and covering the years 2000-2014, has shown that the country was generally characterized by low innovativeness, as evidenced by the possession of such advantages only in trade in goods of relatively low technological intensity (medium-low technology). Meanwhile, in hi-tech goods (high and medium-high technology), Belarus did not have any (or only had relatively small) long-term revealed comparative advantages. Moreover, Belarus’ competitiveness in international trade deteriorated over that period, not only regarding high and medium-high technology goods but also in foreign trade overall. This seems to be, amongst others, the consequence of low efficiency of the country’s current innovation policy.

scholarly journals Sustaining Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: Establishing a Conceptual Model Including COVID-19 Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5418
Author(s):  
Nashwan M. A. Saif ◽  
Jianping Ruan ◽  
Bojan Obrenovic
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Conceptual Research

The conceptual research aims to identify antecedents conducive to bilateral trade during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the relevance of bilateral trade for foreign policy and economy studies, there is a need for a renewed framework in times of extreme economic instability. As international commerce is essential for improving the country’s economy, we have examined how economic distance, population, trade percentage of GDP, exchange rate, and political changes interconnect and relate to COVID-19, influencing trade flows. This conceptual paper illustrates the likely impact of COVID-19 on international trade by exploring pandemics’ effects on standard trading parameters such as GDP, distance, policy stability, and population. We model the resulting shock as a multifaceted variable reflected in capital underutilization, manufacturing output decline, international trade costs inflation, production costs inflation, decrease in demand for certain services and shift from everyday needs towards activities that exclude the proximity between people, e.g., proclivity towards virtual market products. The sudden decrease in GDP and bilateral trade, as well as FDI, is amplified by further development of pandemics’ long-term consequences. We take COVID-19 to be a technological, financial, and policy shock significantly influencing international trade and economic development and argue that it will have a varying impact on diverse sectors and economies. The paper offers preliminary insight into the pandemic-related economics that are unfolding and deduce recommendations on positive changes in trading policy to fully leverage on arising trading opportunities and point to potential research directions.

Green Practices Implementation as Prerequisite to Sustain Firm Competitive Advantages

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Kardison Lumbanbatu ◽  
Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Green Management ◽  
Marketing Performance

Encompassing firms to apply green policy in a holistic management practices are strongly required in order to maintain competitive advantages and experience long-term marketing performance. This current empirical research is aimed to fill the lack of empirical findings and empirical studies on firm's innovative concept. Green-based product innovation, green management practices and green corporate image are presented as the antecedents and postulated as the sources of sustaining firm competitive advantages. A questionnaire-based survey was deployed to collect data from Large Scale Enterprises in Indonesia with Top Management, Operational and Marketing Managers served as respondents. 500 questionnaires were mailed and 388 were valid for further analysis. Data was analyzed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS statistical software. Statistical findings demonstrated that green-based product innovation, green management practices and green corporate image significantly has a positive affect to sustain firm competitive advantages which is led to enhance long term marketing performance. However, green-based product innovation plays insignificant direct relationship on long term marketing performance. This study discusses some managerial implications for enterprises and recommendations on a basis of green implementation.

To examine the relationships between supplier development practices and supplier-buyer relationship practices from the supplier’s perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarang Joshi ◽  
Manoj Kharat ◽  
Rakesh Raut ◽  
Sachin Kamble ◽  
Sheetal Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Supplier Development ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relationship Improvement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between supplier development practices (SDPs) and supplier-buyer relationship practices from the supplier’s perspective (SBRSP), and seek to understand how specific SDPs may impact a buyer’s operational performance as well as supplier-buyer relationship practices. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey of 512 respondents from the different manufacturing firms in India and applied structural equation modelling to test a structural model that proposes the impacts of various efforts of SDPs on a buyer’s performance as well as SBRSP. Findings The study concludes that SDPs and SBRSP together improve the relationship between a buyer and supplier, and this improved relationship leads to competitive advantages (CAs) followed by profitability. Results indicate that supplier perspective of buyer-supplier relationship can be improved under the condition of SDPs and SBRSP together. SDPs are driven by productive measure and competitive pressure, whereas customer uncertainty is found to be statistically insignificant. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out in North Maharashtra Industrial Zone of India, where the auto sector and machine/components manufacturing firms have been established for a considerable period of time. Results of the study are limited to manufacturing organizations predominantly focussing on the automobile sector and machine/components manufacturing firms. Practical implications This study provides significant insights into the specific impact of various SDPs and SBRSP for both academics and practitioners. SDPs along with SBRSP practices lead to improvement in the relationship leading to CAs. SBRSP suggests that trust, long-term commitments and the supplier’s perspective are important practices for relationship improvement. Originality/value The current study attempts to identify what are the success factors for the supplier-buyer relationship from the supplier’s perspective and SDPs and how the supplier-buyer relationship can be improved under the condition of SDPs and SBRSP. Hence, the aim is to develop a more thorough understanding of the outcomes of a supplier-buyer relationship improvement from both buyer’s and supplier’s perspective, under the conditions of supplier development to achieve CAs leading to profitability. Furthermore, the study analyses the effect of the improved supplier-buyer relationship for achieving CAs leading to profitability.

تدفقات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وأثره على البطالة في العراق للمدة (2004-2017) دراسة تحليلية باستخدام التكامل المشترك المتزامن

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
خالد عواد ◽  
مهند عبد ◽  
بلال اسعد
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to show the impact of foreign investment inflows into Iraq on changes in unemployment after 2004, in light of the emergence of ideas of globalization in various aspects and the convergence of distances between countries due to the development of knowledge and scientific means of communication and by the policies of economic liberalization and international trade. A long - term equilibrium relationship between foreign investment flows and unemployment, and that changes in unemployment rates explain the change in FDI flows.

scholarly journals Effects of experimental nitrogen deposition on peatland carbon pools and fluxes: a modelling analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wu ◽  
C. Blodau ◽  
T. R. Moore ◽  
J. Bubier ◽  
S. Juutinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
N Content ◽  
Modelling Analysis

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) pollution of peatlands alters their carbon (C) balances, yet long-term effects and controls are poorly understood. We applied the model PEATBOG to explore impacts of long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization on C cycling in an ombrotrophic bog. Simulations of summer gross ecosystem production (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were evaluated against 8 years of observations and extrapolated for 80 years to identify potential effects of N fertilization and factors influencing model behaviour. The model successfully simulated moss decline and raised GEP, ER and NEE on fertilized plots. GEP was systematically overestimated in the model compared to the field data due to factors that can be related to differences in vegetation distribution (e.g. shrubs vs. graminoid vegetation) and to high tolerance of vascular plants to N deposition in the model. Model performance regarding the 8-year response of GEP and NEE to N input was improved by introducing an N content threshold shifting the response of photosynthetic capacity (GEPmax) to N content in shrubs and graminoids from positive to negative at high N contents. Such changes also eliminated the competitive advantages of vascular species and led to resilience of mosses in the long-term. Regardless of the large changes of C fluxes over the short-term, the simulated GEP, ER and NEE after 80 years depended on whether a graminoid- or shrub-dominated system evolved. When the peatland remained shrub–Sphagnum-dominated, it shifted to a C source after only 10 years of fertilization at 6.4 g N m−2 yr−1, whereas this was not the case when it became graminoid-dominated. The modelling results thus highlight the importance of ecosystem adaptation and reaction of plant functional types to N deposition, when predicting the future C balance of N-polluted cool temperate bogs.

scholarly journals Quality management in higher education sphere: methodological aspect

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Batechko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Higher Education Quality ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Education Quality Assurance

In the article the problem of education quality management was considered in the context of general scientific methodology. The modern tendencies of implementation of higher education quality and quality management in particular, were highlighted. It is shown that the practice of implementation of quality management systems, such as the Total Quality Management, positively affects the organizational, market and financial strategies for the formation of long-term competitive advantages in higher education sphere. The modern interpretation of the essence and basic principles of education quality management was revealed. The methodological substantiation of the phenomenon of education quality management in the context of general scientific approaches was carried out: systemic, synergistic and acmeological. Such an approach makes it possible to substantiate the quality management as a complex, open system characterized by nonlinearity of transformations, allows to predict its development, proceeding from the development of each individual to the whole system as a whole. It is proved that methodological substantiation of quality management on the basis of general scientific approaches can become the foundation on the basis of which the national system of education quality assurance will develop its own model, inherent only to it, taking into account the system of public administration in the field of Ukraine’s higher education, educational policy, academic traditions.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS BASED ON THE KEY COMPETENCIES OF AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
S. B. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Engineering Enterprise

The factors influencing the possibility of the theory of key competencies adaptation within the traditional ideas of the resource approach to ensure the long-term competitiveness of companies have been considered. For this purpose, the review of features of application of key competencies during the formation of strategies of the industrial companies of mature sectors of industries has been carried out, in which thanks to action of evolutionary mechanisms of technological and organizational development there are objective preconditions for creation of steady competitive advantages on their basis. The necessity of development of methodological approaches to the formation of company’s competitive strategy in the sector of electrical production based on the formation of organizational-economic mechanism of adaptation to external influences and internal changes to manage the development of key competencies as factors of sustainable competitive advantage in the future and the formation of long-term effective business development model of the enterprise, has been substantiated.

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