scholarly journals CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF MELTING SNOW – A CASE STUDY OF THE SHUMEN REGION, BULGARIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1121-1123
Author(s):  
Teodora Koynova ◽  
Asya Dragoeva ◽  
Vanya Koleva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The presence of atmospheric pollutants is regularly screened in Bulgaria. However, studies on the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of air contaminants are scarce. Snow collects pollutants from the air. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of melted snow samples from Shumen region (Bulgaria) on mitotic cells using the A. cepa test.Samples were taken from three open spaces: 1) the city of Shumen, 2) a meadow on the Shumen plateau and 3) agricultural land located about 9.5 km northeast of the town of Shumen.The samples from the Shumen city and Shumen plateau indicated the presence of water soluble cytotoxic compounds. The lack of cytotoxicity in the sample from the agricultural land was established. This proves an anthropogenic origin of cytotoxic pollutions at the other two places. These results could serve as warning signals for health preventive programs regarding air quality in Shumen and the Nature Park Shumen plateau during the winter.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Analysis of Depopulation in Rural Areas of the Balkans: Case Study of the Municipality of Niksic, Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3328
Author(s):  
Biljana Mickovic ◽  
Dragica Mijanovic ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Goran Skataric ◽  
Branislav Dudic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
The City

This paper analyses demographic trends and population decline of the rural area surrounding Niksic, Montenegro, from the second half of the 20th century to the first two decades of the 21st century. After World War II, industry in Niksic began to develop strongly. A large number of state enterprises started to operate, and the consequent industrialisation and improved living conditions triggered a wave of migration from the surrounding rural areas to Niksic. The paper describes the depopulation of rural areas and the causes and consequences of migration within the Municipality of Niksic based on an analysis of population movement and density, the rural and urban populations, and the age structure of the population. Transformations of the economy after 1990 indicate that the neglect of agriculture and the destruction of agricultural land are mistakes that will prove difficult to correct. The results of our research reveal that, today, revitalisation of the countryside is only possible if non-agricultural activities are brought to the area centres and the quality of life is improved in the villages, which would reduce unemployment in the city. A solid traffic infrastructure between individual settlements and their connection with the city is also necessary. Between 2003 and 2011, the agricultural population increased by 1.2%, which gives hope because agriculture is now being recognised as significant, and a movement for changing the inherited negative perception of it is being created. This research is addressed to the state and municipal administrations of the region with the message to implement responsible and timely measures to revitalise the countryside and stop the extinction of the villages.

scholarly journals Land-Use Dynamics in Transport-Impacted Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Martin–Vrútky, Slovakia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Jana Nozdrovická ◽  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Imrich Jakab ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Past Conditions

The paper evaluates landscape development, land-use changes, and transport infrastructure variations in the city of Martin and the town of Vrútky, Slovakia, over the past 70 years. It focuses on analyses of the landscape structures characterizing the study area in several time periods (1949, 1970, 1993, 2003); the past conditions are then compared with the relevant current structure (2018). Special attention is paid to the evolution of the landscape elements forming the transport infrastructure. The development and progressive changes in traffic intensities are presented in view of the resulting impact on the formation of the landscape structure. The research data confirm the importance of transport as a force determining landscape changes, and they indicate that while railroad accessibility embodied a crucial factor up to the 1970s, the more recent decades were characterized by a gradual shift to road transport.

scholarly journals Protected Areas as Recreational Zones of the City – Case Study of Medvednica Nature Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
Vuk Tvrtko Opačić ◽  
◽  
Dolores Curić ◽  
Marija Jandras ◽  
Krunoslav Kutle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
The City

Waste analysis and characterisation study of a hill station: A case study of Baguio City, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1102-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino N Lunag ◽  
Jeffrey Z Duran ◽  
Eugene D Buyucan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Waste Sample ◽  
Hill Station ◽  
Waste Diversion ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

A waste analysis and characterisation study requires urgent measures to regulate and to solve the piling up of garbage worldwide; this is an essential factor towards the projection of a feasible and environmentally acceptable solution. Baguio City is a favourite holiday destination during summer in the Philippines; initially designed as a hill station for 25,000 people, its population has now risen to 345,400, which doubles and even triples during peak seasons. As such, this study was conducted to determine the levels of waste generation and assess the current diversion method of its municipal solid waste to prevent the town from further deteriorating into unsustainable urbanisation. The results revealed that the total waste generated is 402,776.38 kg per day, wherein the average per capita waste generation for domestic sources is 0.4193 kg per day. Solid waste is composed of biodegradables (41.67%), recyclables (33.78%), residuals (24.15%) and special wastes (0.40%), with the average moisture level of the solid waste sample at 57.462%. With tourists contributing 19.69% of those wastes during peak events, the only recoverable wastes were biodegradables and recyclables, which have a diversion percentage of 23.28%. The study recommends to the city of Baguio to have its own engineered sanitary landfill, simulated GIS-based collection system and expanded waste recovery facility, to increase waste-diversion percentages and to decrease its expenditure for hauling, collecting, storing and transporting its solid waste, in order to adhere to its mission of creating a sustainable and enabling environment.

scholarly journals Between the layers of the palimpsest: Historical geographical research of changes in functions of small water reservoirs on the case study of the town of Čáslav (Czechia)

Geografie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-418
Author(s):  
Jindřich Frajer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Central European ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Small Water ◽  
City Population ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Small water reservoirs have represented an important water feature of the Central European landscape since the Middle Ages. In our study, we focused on researching the historical functions of those reservoirs and their changes through time. We recorded 169 mentions to the functions of selected ponds in the selected four historical reservoirs around the town of Čáslav (Central Bohemia Region), using a combination of written, cartographic, and iconographic archival sources. Fish-related production functions were most frequently mentioned. However, others were also important mainly for the development of the town – the accumulation of water for the needs of mills and industry, and the supply of the city population through the historical aquifers from these reservoirs. They often served as recreational areas for residents. Our research pointed to the multifunctionality of small water reservoirs and the fact that the change of the main functions was mainly related to the change in the owner of the reservoir.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution Of Atmospheric Pollutants Through Biomonitoring In Tree Bark Using X-Ray Fluorescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Martins Gurgatz ◽  
Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira ◽  
Gisele Antoniaconi ◽  
Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Huergo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tree Barks ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Visual Correlation ◽  
The City

Several studies have shown that tree barks can absorb air contaminants, therefore, trees can be used as biomonitors to identify the distribution of atmospheric pollutants. The city of Paranaguá, located at the coast of the Paraná State in Brazil, hosts the largest bulk cargo port in Latin America and an elevated number of fertilizer processing industries. In this study we used tree barks coupled to X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis to biomonitor the distribution of air pollutants in the city of Paranaguá. We identified a visual correlation between the level of the elements K and Cl, with high levels detected near fertilizer warehouses. A relation between Fe levels and position of railways and train stations were also clear. The low levels of the elements Zn, Al, Ba and Mg detected in a traffic restricted zone confirm the use of these elements as markers of vehicles traffic and validate the approach of using tree barks for air pollution biomonitoring.  

scholarly journals PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORDING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF TOWN SCALE MODELS – THE CASE OF THE PLAN-RELIEF OF STRASBOURG

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Macher ◽  
P. Grussenmeyer ◽  
T. Landes ◽  
G. Halin ◽  
C. Chevrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The French collection of Plan-Reliefs, scale models of fortified towns, constitutes a precious testimony of the history of France. The aim of the URBANIA project is the valorisation and the diffusion of this Heritage through the creation of virtual models. The town scale model of Strasbourg at 1/600 currently exhibited in the Historical Museum of Strasbourg was selected as a case study. In this paper, the photogrammetric recording of this scale model is first presented. The acquisition protocol as well as the data post-processing are detailed. Then, the modelling of the city and more specially building blocks is investigated. Based on point clouds of the scale model, the extraction of roof elements is considered. It deals first with the segmentation of the point cloud into building blocks. Then, for each block, points belonging to roofs are identified and the extraction of chimney point clouds as well as roof ridges and roof planes is performed. Finally, the 3D parametric modelling of the building blocks is studied by considering roof polygons and polylines describing chimneys as input. In a future works section, the semantically enrichment and the potential usage scenarios of the scale model are envisaged.

scholarly journals Geoecological problems of civil engineering in the riverside zone (case study of the Volga riverside zone)

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Darya Vasilieva ◽  
Margarita Baranova ◽  
Yuriy Kholopov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Geological Hazards ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The City

In the context of widespread urbanization an increase in the area of built-up areas is taking place. At the same time land plots previously occupied by industrial enterprises, forest and agricultural land, etc. are used for construction. Development of new territories can lead to the activation of exogenous geological processes and the increase of environmental problems associated with geological hazards (karst, erosion, landslides, subsidence, waterlogging and flooding of land, etc.). The aim of the article is to study the influence of civil construction on the geoecological condition of the territory by the example of the bank zone of the Volga river within the city of Samara.

scholarly journals Storm Water Sustainable Solutions in New Cairo Using Landscape Elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Germin El-Gohary ◽  
Omar Alshnawi ◽  
Sherouk Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
The Social ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
The City

Sustainability is one of the most important requirements and standards that is taken into consideration when establishing or developing a project. It is necessary to pay sufficient attention to urban planning and study. This involves a structured form of the city and the establishment of its own cities, connecting them with different communities, providing all social and economic services for the population as well as improving the performance of the city in accordance with international standards of urban planning.Storm water is the water that remains after rain, melted snow or floods. The effects of storm water is devastating on the environment, the economy and the social environment, especially in cities. In New Cairo, this problem is still ongoing with no implemented solution and receiving insufficient attention. New Cairo has faced the risk of flooding and major traffic disruptions in most of its main roads in 2018.In this research, an attempt is made to arrive at a merger between the elements of the Landscape and the infrastructure to find sustainable solutions. This solution can limit or prevent the existence of storm water problems and discusses the possibility of developing existing cities that have problems.This will be done through analysis, study of the problem, analysis of the case study and the soil, study the elements of the Landscape. Take in consideration that the data is up to date and the solution is possible to implement to solve the problem.

Exploiting excavation archives: Herculaneum from 1927 to 1961 as a case-study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Nicolas Monteix
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Perception ◽  
The Past ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Wooden Furniture ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Source Of Information

“Questi giornali di scavo di Ercolano sono una miseria di forma e di sostanza”“The only source of information for most of the finds of the site [Pompeii] remains the pages of the Giornali degli Scavi”With the multiplication of excavations, archaeological research (and even rescue archaeology) increasingly faces sites previously explored and thereby has to deal with documentation made with different methods and of different scopes than those of today. Beyond the historiographical issues and differences in ways of describing the past as viewed from the present, such an archival documentation is generally fragmentary, often scattered between various institutions or in private archives. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a debate on an important issue: how might we best make use of previous material, from archival documents to publications?Herculaneum can exemplify the main processes one might face while studying a site excavated in the past. Initially explored through tunnels, it was excavated in open-area excavations in four periods (1828-55; 1869-75; 1927-61; 1996-98). Most of the city as we know it was uncovered by A. Maiuri (1886-1963) while he was Soprintendente and director of the Museum of Naples (1924-61). He managed to pass himself off as the only excavator of Herculaneum, and such a view was consolidated by the (incomplete) publication of his excavations in 1958. Up until the late 1990s, anything written about Herculaneum relied on his synthesis, with only a few re-interpretations based on observations made on a site that had been restored and presented by him. S. Mols was the first to use other sources to understand better the context of the wooden furniture discovered throughout the town, namely the daybooks (Giornale degli scavi di Ercolano [henceforth GSE]) composed during the excavation. Since then, slowly but surely, many of those involved in the study of Herculaneum started using those diaries, hoping to have a more complete and less subjective perception of the excavation — at least, one less influenced by Maiuri.

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