A Long-Standing Problem: A Review on the Solid Waste Management in the Philippines

Solid waste management is considered a pressing global issue calling for an immediate response from the government and its people. The Philippines has a continuously rising amount of waste and is expected to further increase in the succeeding years. As reviewed, associated problems with solid waste management in the country include an increasing amount of solid waste, weak law implementation, scarcity of sanitary landfills, and improper disposal. The ultimate solution existing in the country is the RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which highlights the practices of segregation, proper disposal, and waste diversion. The importance of envisioning a trash-free Philippines and encouraging people’s participation and awareness is also emphasized. Another possible solution to solid waste management is valorization which can also address other environmental problems such as the depletion of natural resources. These solutions enumerated will only be possible with the presence of good governance, active participation of the people of the country, and the cooperation of all constituents and agencies in the Philippines.

Sorting It out: Food Waste Separation in Large New Zealand Hotels: Barriers and Incentives

<p>Food waste presents a resource management challenge for New Zealand communities, businesses and governance institutions. The energy, labour, soil, water and myriad other inputs used to grow, manufacture, distribute and prepare food are lost with each kilogram that is thrown away. Numerous technologies enable the energy and nutrient potential within food waste to be recovered. Systems of this type are most efficacious when food is separated from other waste streams at source. This research demonstrates that New Zealand‟s existing waste related legislation has the potential to foster market conditions favourable to food waste recovery initiatives and technologies. However, the suite of policy instruments currently actuated provides weak stimulus for the adoption, innovation or expansion of food waste diversion ventures amongst stakeholders. Current legislation does little to incentivise food waste separation within hotels. Many hotel operators are reliant upon third party provision of waste collection, recovery and or disposal services. Exceptions include operators for whom onsite food waste processing systems or arrangements with individual farmers (who collect waste at low cost) are viable. Within this thesis, food waste, the New Zealand tourism product and the environment‟s capacity to assimilate waste are conceptualised as common pool resources requiring interconnected management regimes.</p>

Sorting It out: Food Waste Separation in Large New Zealand Hotels: Barriers and Incentives

<p>Food waste presents a resource management challenge for New Zealand communities, businesses and governance institutions. The energy, labour, soil, water and myriad other inputs used to grow, manufacture, distribute and prepare food are lost with each kilogram that is thrown away. Numerous technologies enable the energy and nutrient potential within food waste to be recovered. Systems of this type are most efficacious when food is separated from other waste streams at source. This research demonstrates that New Zealand‟s existing waste related legislation has the potential to foster market conditions favourable to food waste recovery initiatives and technologies. However, the suite of policy instruments currently actuated provides weak stimulus for the adoption, innovation or expansion of food waste diversion ventures amongst stakeholders. Current legislation does little to incentivise food waste separation within hotels. Many hotel operators are reliant upon third party provision of waste collection, recovery and or disposal services. Exceptions include operators for whom onsite food waste processing systems or arrangements with individual farmers (who collect waste at low cost) are viable. Within this thesis, food waste, the New Zealand tourism product and the environment‟s capacity to assimilate waste are conceptualised as common pool resources requiring interconnected management regimes.</p>

Quantifying economic activity in the informal recycling sector in South Africa

Informal waste reclaimers are a key part of South Africa’s recycling economy, being responsible for around 51% of all paper and packaging waste collected in South Africa in 2017. Active in the waste and recycling landscape for more than three decades, their activity predates the earliest voluntary paper and packaging Extended Producer Responsibility schemes. However, these voluntary schemes have been instrumental in scaling South Africa’s recycling economy. Investment by brand owners, retailers, converters and recyclers has helped develop local end-use markets, creating a demand for paper and packaging recyclables and a resultant increase in their collection. An analysis of tonnage and price data shows that the mean estimate of money paid by the private sector to the informal waste sector through the purchase of recyclables at intermediaries such as buy-back centres, was ZAR625 million in 2012, increasing to ZAR872 million in 2017. This private sector ‘investment’ in the local recycling economy has led to direct and indirect job creation and improved livelihoods, particularly for a large, well-established and effective informal waste sector, and has indirectly funded municipal waste diversion strategies, saving municipalities in both the collection and disposal of waste.

Composting as wise waste diversion technique

There are several MSW management approaches, but the most effective are source reduction, recycling, and reuse called (3R), which can prevent or divert materials from the waste stream. Source reduction involves altering the design, manufacture, or use of products and materials to reduce the amount and toxicity of what gets thrown away. The other approaches are recycling and reuse processes, in which inorganic part can be separated to achieve recycled products while, organic waste or green waste can be decomposed to produce usable substance called compost. This alternative approach for handling organic waste turned as wise waste alternative for achieving environmental friendly end product which would reduce waste burden from landfills and creates sustainable environment. Generally, the paper discusses process and importance of organic composting as an alternative approach in reducing and diverting the organic waste burden from the traditional waste disposal methods like, landfill or incineration and analyses its advantages towards the municipalities and local communities in adopting organic waste diversion approach to achieve natural soil conditioner called Compost.

Composting as wise waste diversion technique

There are several MSW management approaches, but the most effective are source reduction, recycling, and reuse called (3R), which can prevent or divert materials from the waste stream. Source reduction involves altering the design, manufacture, or use of products and materials to reduce the amount and toxicity of what gets thrown away. The other approaches are recycling and reuse processes, in which inorganic part can be separated to achieve recycled products while, organic waste or green waste can be decomposed to produce usable substance called compost. This alternative approach for handling organic waste turned as wise waste alternative for achieving environmental friendly end product which would reduce waste burden from landfills and creates sustainable environment. Generally, the paper discusses process and importance of organic composting as an alternative approach in reducing and diverting the organic waste burden from the traditional waste disposal methods like, landfill or incineration and analyses its advantages towards the municipalities and local communities in adopting organic waste diversion approach to achieve natural soil conditioner called Compost.

E-waste and its sustainable management

This project paper addresses the problem of e-waste in a local and global context. It examines the origins of the issue, processing methods, and related environmental implications. The worst processing methods, have had devastating impacts on both the physical environment and human organizations. The more widely accepted methods of e-waste processing--recycling--are often exclusive of systematic reuse and do not recognize the initial inputs invested in the equipment. To address the lack of regulation around e-waste disposal and the shortcomings of conventional recycling, a management system for the reuse and refurbishment of discarded IT equipment is proposed that is based on the operations at Computation Ltd., a computer recycling company. This system is recognized as an end-of-pipe solution that optimizes various types of waste diversion to include reuse where possible. Future research should focus on green design alternatives and incentives that encourage greater reuse of electronic products.

E-waste and its sustainable management

This project paper addresses the problem of e-waste in a local and global context. It examines the origins of the issue, processing methods, and related environmental implications. The worst processing methods, have had devastating impacts on both the physical environment and human organizations. The more widely accepted methods of e-waste processing--recycling--are often exclusive of systematic reuse and do not recognize the initial inputs invested in the equipment. To address the lack of regulation around e-waste disposal and the shortcomings of conventional recycling, a management system for the reuse and refurbishment of discarded IT equipment is proposed that is based on the operations at Computation Ltd., a computer recycling company. This system is recognized as an end-of-pipe solution that optimizes various types of waste diversion to include reuse where possible. Future research should focus on green design alternatives and incentives that encourage greater reuse of electronic products.

Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics: Recycling Potential and Waste Diversion Rate in Bali Province, Indonesia

This research was conducted to evaluate waste management in Bali Province through the waste recycling potential and waste diversion rate. These values describe how much waste can be recycled and diverted from landfills. Based on observations and data analysis, Bali’s total waste amounts to 2,253,542.03 kg d-1 or equivalent to 822,542.84 tonnes yr-1 from 9 (nine) cities/regencies with a population of 4,183,072 in 2019. Bali Province’s waste at the source is dominated by organic waste with 65% wet weight (ww) of the total waste generated, consisting of food waste and wood/leaf waste. It is also dominated by plastic waste with 15.70% ww and paper waste with 8.92% ww. The material flow analysis results in 53.02% ww of waste, or equivalent to 436,137.41 tonnes yr-1, which ended up in the landfill. Meanwhile, 13.36% ww or equivalent to 109,896.80 tonnes yr-1 is sold outside Bali, while 26.94% or equivalent to 221,583.37 tonnes yr-1 is unmanaged. Waste reduction by recycling in Bali’s landfill only reaches 20.38% of its potential; in comparison, the waste that can be diverted from landfills only reached 11.79% ww of the total generated waste. The reality is still very far from the 2025 government target of 30% reduction waste target and its diversion rate potential of 77.35% ww of the total waste generation.