COWS AND GOATS AS SENTINELS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD (Pb) BURDEN IN ZARIA, NIGERIA

Blood lead levels (BLLs) is considered as a good indicator of current body burden of the toxic metal. Assessment of BLLs of white Fulani cattle(Bos primigenius indicus)and red Sokoto goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) grazed freely on open pastures in Zaria was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry using Shimadzu Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion to evaluate the potential effects of the metal on the animals, the toxicological implication of consuming this major source of animal protein by humans and most importantly as an indirect measure of the lead pollution status of Zaria ecological geochemical environment. The blood lead levels of Bos primigenius indicus ranged from a minimum of 0.62 mg/l to a maximum of 2.28 mg/l with a mean value of 1.36±0.48 mg/l. On the other hand, blood lead levels of Capra aegagrus hircus ranged between 0.26 mg/l and 1.56 mg/l with a mean value of 0.89±0.43mg/l. The BLLs of both cows and goats were found to exceed the allowable limit for the elements in blood of food animals indicating that cows and goats grazed freely on open pastures in Zaria metropolis are not safe for human consumption. Routine monitoring of the heavy metal in plant and animal products is therefore recommended to safeguard human health. Most importantly, the study indicates the presence of elevated levels of environmental lead in Zaria ecological geochemical environment.

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Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82435-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Man Fung Tsoi ◽

Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽

Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽

Bernard Man Yung Cheung

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Lead Exposure ◽

Blood Lead Level ◽

Lead Level ◽

Blood Lead ◽

The United States ◽

Study Data ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Environmental Lead ◽

Lead Levels

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.

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Question Regarding Need for Treatment

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.56.4.621b ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 621-622

Author(s):

Arthur W. Kaemmer ◽

Byron R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Mass Screening ◽

Lead Poisoning ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Environmental Lead ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood Lead Levels

Dr. Greensher and his colleagues are to be congratulated for bringing to the readers' attention a most unusual source of lead poisoning. Inasmuch as many localities are initiating city-wide lead screening programs, it is obvious that pediatricians in this country will be seeing many children with abnormally elevated blood lead levels, and in many cases diligent efforts such as this will have to be undertaken to determine the exact source of the environmental lead. biggest problems with mass screening programs for lead poisoning are well outlined by Moriarty's article.2

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INCIDENCE OF HIGH BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN CHICAGO CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.44.5.661 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 661-667

Author(s):

Lorry A. Blanksma ◽

Henrietta K. Sachs ◽

Edward F. Murray ◽

Morgn J. O'Connell

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Lead Poisoning ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Screening Program ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Poisoning In Children

The Chicago Board of Health in October 1986 began a mass-screening program using a blood lead test to detect lead poisoning in children. Atomic absorption spectroscopy made it possible to screen 5,000 specimens in 1 month, and to test a total of 68,744 children in 2 years. The incidence of high blood lead values was variable and seasonal it was lowest in November through January and highest in June. Control children exhibited the same seasonal variation in lead levels as did the children at-risk for lead poisoning. As a result of this program, 1,154 children were treated with chelates for lead poisoning in 1967 and 1968 at the Lead Poisoning Clinic, and the incidence of high blood lead levels among children living in the same areas declined from 8.5% in 1967 to 3.8% in 1968.

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Lead Levels in Cord Blood

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.49.4.606 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 606-608

Author(s):

Paul Harris ◽

Marshall R. Holley

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Lead Poisoning ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Mean Value ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Normal Blood ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Lead Levels ◽

The Mean

Blood lead levels were determined on 24 mothers during labor and on the blood of their newborn offspring. The mean value for the mother's blood lead was 13.2 µg/100 gm (range 10 to 20) and for the cord blood 12.3 (range 10 to 20) µg/100 gm whole blood. These levels are lower than "normal" blood lead standards usually accepted in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood lead poisoning.

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The Public Minimization of the Risks Associated With Environmental Lead Exposure and Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children, Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health ◽

10.1080/19338240903338189 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 45-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mark Patrick Taylor ◽

Carolyn Schniering

Keyword(s):

Lead Exposure ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

The Public ◽

Environmental Lead ◽

Mount Isa ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Environmental Lead Exposure ◽

Elevated Blood Lead Levels

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ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BLOOD LEAD LEVELS OF FRENCH CHILDREN AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD CONENTRATIONS: PROPOSITIONS OF RISK BASED ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD CONCENTRATIONS LEVELS FOR POLICY MAKING

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2011.00444 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Youssef Oulhote ◽

Alain Le Tertre ◽

Anne Etchevers ◽

Barbara Le Bot ◽

Jean Paul Lucas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Policy Making ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Environmental Lead ◽

Lead Levels

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Predicting the Children's Blood Lead Level in a Lead and Zinc Smelting Area Based on IEUBK Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.687 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1092-1093 ◽

pp. 687-691

Author(s):

Fei Chen ◽

Hong Guang Cheng ◽

Xiang Fen Cui

Keyword(s):

Lead Concentration ◽

Lead Level ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Concentration ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Prediction Ability ◽

Environmental Lead ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Zinc Smelting ◽

Lead Levels

According to environmental lead exposure data and dietary survey data of lead and zinc smelting area,blood lead levels of children (2~7years old) in study area were predicted with IEUBK model. The children's blood lead concentration predicted value was compared with the corresponding measured value,by comparing the differences, measured the prediction ability of model. The results showed that predicted value and measured value of 2~7 years old children's blood lead concentration in A village were higher than the other villages, they were 33.5μg/dL,30.8μg/dL, respectively; predicted value and measured value of 2~7 years old children's blood lead concentration in I village were the lowest among all villages,they were14.5μg/dL,13.1μg/dL, respectively.By paired T-test showed that the predicted value were higher than the measured value about 1.4~3.4μg/dL,model calculation results slightly overestimated the children's blood lead level.But in general, the predicted value and measured value had a good consistency,through the model prediction could better reflect the children's blood lead levels in the study area.

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