scholarly journals El desempleo juvenil: un estudio comparado Brasil España

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Garrido ◽  
Sabrina Cavalcanti Barros ◽  
Sonia Maria Guedes Gondim

RESUMEN: En esta investigación se realizó un estudio comparado entre una muestra de jóvenes brasileños y españoles en las que se analizó la relación entre estatus de empleo (empleados versus desempleados) y bienestar psicológico. Se constata una asociación entre desempleo juvenil y deterioro en la salud mental, tanto en la muestra española como en la muestra brasileña. Las diferencias observadas son mayores en el caso de los jóvenes desempleados que en el caso de las jóvenes desempleadas, quienes parecen beneficiarse menos, desde el punto de vista del bienestar psicológico del hecho de tener un empleo. Estas diferencias podrían deberse a la sobrecarga de roles que experimentan las jóvenes, si bien este es un factor que debe ser analizado en futuras investigaciones.Palabras claves: desempleo juvenil; bienestar psicológico; salud mental; estudio transnacional.ABSTRACT: In this research, a comparative study was conducted among a sample of young Brazilians and Spaniards in which the relationship between employment status (employed versus unemployed) and psychological well-being was analyzed. There is an association between youth unemployment and deterioration in mental health, both in the Spanish sample and in the Brazilian sample. The differences observed are greater in the case of unemployed young men than in the case of unemployed young women, who seem to benefit less, from the point of view of the psychological well-being, of having a job. These differences could be due to the overload of roles that young women experience, although this is a factor that should be analyzed in future research.Keywords: youth unemployment; psychological well-being; mental health; transnational study.

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Pedro Jesús Ruiz Montero ◽  
Antonio Baena-Extremera

El propósito de este estudio descriptivo es evaluar el grado de influencia que la práctica de actividad física aeróbica ejerce sobre el bienestar psicológico, la salud mental y su repercusión en los estados de ánimo. Se ha utilizado una muestra formada por 63 mujeres participantes del programa de Actividad Física para mayores de la provincia de Málaga, con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 79 años y que pertenecen a tres poblaciones inferiores a 3.000 habitantes, en una comarca denominada «Sierra de las Nieves». Las participantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico estandarizado y el Profile of Moods States, POMS, en una versión reducida de 30 ítems agrupados en cuatro factores: tensión (8 ítems), vigor (8 ítems), fatiga (7 ítems) y amistad (7 ítems). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los cuatro estados de ánimo evaluados no están asociados con las variables edad y motivos de práctica física, mientras que si está asociada la antigüedad de práctica de actividad física con el vigor y la variable enfermedad con la tensión.Palabra clave: Actividad física; ánimo; salud mental; personas mayores; mujer.Abstract: The intention of this descriptive study is to evaluate the degree of influence that the practice of aerobic physical activity exerts on the psychological well-being, the mental health and its repercussion in the moods. A sample formed by 63 participant women of the program of Physical Activity for elderly people has been used of the province of Malaga, with ages between the 60 and 79 years and that belongs to three inferior populations to 3,000 inhabitants, in a denominated region «Sierra de las Nieves». The participants complimented a sociodemografic questionnaire standardized and Profile of Moods States, POMS, in group a reduced version of 30 items in four factors: tension (8 ítems), vigor (8 ítems), fatigue (7 ítems) and friendship (7 ítems). The results obtained show that the four evaluated moods are not associate with the variables age and practice for physical reasons, whereas if the antiquity of practice of physical activity with the vigor and the variable disease is associate with the tension. Key words: Physical activity; mood; mental health; elderly people; woman.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Diego García Álvarez ◽  
Juan Diego Hernández Lalinde ◽  
María José Soler ◽  
Rubia Cobo Rendón ◽  
Jhon Franklin Espinosa Castro

  La adolescencia es una etapa del ciclo vital que implica grandes cambios en todas las facetas de la vida. En dicha etapa, la persona está expuesta a múltiples factores de riesgo y de protección que pueden incidir en su salud, por lo que estudiar el constructo del bienestar se hace necesario para comprender a mayor profundidad la salud mental en este periodo. A pesar de lo anterior, se ha observado en el contexto latinoamericano una ausencia importante de instrumentos diseñados para tal fin, de modo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de bienestar psicológico adolescente diseñada por Soler, sustentada en la teoría PERMA de Seligman y presentar alternativas a la estructura factorial original. Se realizó una investigación instrumental en la que participaron 779 adolescentes de Montevideo, muestra que fue dividida aleatoriamente en dos partes para efectuar una validación cruzada. En la muestra de entrenamiento (n=390) se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio que reveló opciones de cuatro y cinco dimensiones. Posteriormente, se evaluaron cuatro modelos en la muestra de prueba (n=389) mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, destacándose dos estructuras pentadimensionales, la original (35 ítems) y la abreviada (20 ítems). En ambas se encontraron correlaciones positivas con bienestar, autoestima y autoeficacia, y negativas con síntomas depresivos y malestar psicológico; sin embargo, la validez convergente y discriminante del modelo abreviado fue superior. La consistencia interna de cada factor varió desde inaceptable hasta excelente, aunque en promedio puede considerarse adecuada. Se concluye que la escala formulada por Soler en su versión abreviada posee mejores propiedades psicométricas que la original, constituyéndose en un instrumento válido y confiable que puede ser administrado en la población adolescente montevideana para evaluar el bienestar psicológico multidimensional. Abstract. Adolescence is a stage in the life cycle that involves great changes in all facets of life. In this stage, the person is exposed to multiple risk and protective factors that can affect their health, so studying the construct of well-being is necessary to understand more deeply the mental health in this period. Despite the above, an important absence of instruments designed for this purpose has been observed in the Latin American context, so the aim of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adolescent psychological well-being scale designed by Soler, based on Seligman's PERMA theory, and to present alternatives to the original factor structure. An instrumental investigation was carried out in which 779 adolescents from Montevideo participated, a sample that was randomly divided into two parts to carry out a cross-validation. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out in the training sample (n = 390), which revealed four and five dimensional options. Subsequently, four models were evaluated in the test sample (n=389) by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, highlighting two pentadimensional structures, the original (35 items) and the abbreviated (20 items). In both, positive correlations were found with well-being, self-esteem and self-efficacy, and negative correlations with depressive symptoms and psychological distress; however, the convergent and discriminant validity of the abbreviated model was superior. The internal consistency of each factor ranged from unacceptable to excellent, although on average it can be considered adequate. It is concluded that the scale formulated by Soler in its abbreviated version has better psychometric properties than the original one, constituting a valid and reliable instrument that can be administered in the Montevidean adolescent population to assess psychological well-being.


2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Marissa S. Edwards ◽  
Angela J. Martin ◽  
Neal M. Ashkanasy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (05) ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
María Camila Cabargas Fernández

En este estudio se pretende describir el bienestar psicológico y la motivación de hockystas amateurs que estudian/trabajan y deben cumplir con una rutina de alto rendimiento para representar a Chile en el hockey césped. Para ello se indagó en el bienestar psicológico desde la perspectiva de Ryff, y en la motivación desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (TAD) de Deci y Ryan. Tras la compleja realidad a la que se enfrentan diariamente los deportistas de la muestra, es que surge el interés por conocer las variables psicológicas mencionadas anteriormente. Teniendo en cuenta que pudieran estar relacionadas a través de las diferentes dimensiones que las componen. Por lo tanto, al potenciar algunas de estas dimensiones se estaría influyendo tanto en el bienestar psicológico como en la motivación de los deportistas, lo que nos ayudaría a describir como es el bienestar psicológico y la motivación de estos. This study aims to describe psychological wellbeing and motivation in amateur hockey players who study/work and must obey to a high performance routine to represent Chile in field hockey. Wellbeing approaches made by Ryff were considered for this research, as well as self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan) to investigate motivation. After the complex reality this amateur hockey players face every day, it becomes interesting to study the psychological variables mentioned above. Believing that they could be related through different dimensions that compose them. Therefore, when you maximize the dimensions of both theories, it would be directly influencing the psychological well-being and motivation of athletes, this could help us to describe psychological well-being and motivation of them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
Natascha Merten ◽  
Amy Schultz ◽  
Matthew Walsh ◽  
Suzanne van Landingham ◽  
Paul Peppard ◽  
...  

Abstract Hearing and vision impairment are highly prevalent chronic conditions and are associated with poorer mental health and well-being. Mental health problems may be exacerbated by COVID-19-related lockdown measures and limitations of in-person contacts may affect those with sensory impairments more severely. We aimed to determine whether hearing and/or visual impairment were associated with worse mental health and psychological well-being during lockdown measures in Spring/Summer 2020 in Wisconsin. We included 1341 (64% women, aged 20-92 years) Survey of the Health of Wisconsin participants of a COVID-19 survey (May-June, 2020). We assessed self-reported current mental health and psychological well-being and vision and hearing impairment. Logistic regression models with vision and hearing impairments as determinants and multiple mental health and well-being outcomes were used and adjusted for age, gender, race, education, heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In preliminary analyses, we found associations of vision impairment with increased odds of generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval=1.32-3.29) and depression (2.57; 1.58-4.11). Individuals with a vision impairment were more likely to be taking medication for depression (1.75; 1.13-2.68), report being lonely (1.65; 1.00-2.64) and report hopelessness (1.45; 1.01-2.08). Individuals with a hearing impairment were more likely to be taking depression medications (1.72; 1.07-2.73) and to report being lonely (1.80; 1.05-2.98). Sensory impairment was not associated with stress levels or sense of purpose in life. Individuals with sensory impairment may represent a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should determine underlying reasons and interventions to mitigate this populations’ disadvantages.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Kheng Siang Ted Ng ◽  
Shu Cheng Wong ◽  
Glenn Wong ◽  
Ee Heok Kua ◽  
Anis Larbi ◽  
...  

Abstract Despite increasing emphasis on assessing the mental health of older adults, there has been inconclusive evidence on whether depression and psychological well-being (PWB) are fundamentally distinct constructs or representations of the opposite ends of the mental health spectrum. To instantiate either hypothesis, investigation of the associations between mental health scales and biomarkers have been proposed. First, we assessed depressive symptoms and PWB in community-dwelling older adults (N=59, mean age=67) using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Ryff’s Scale of PWB (comprising six sub-scales). We measured a wide range of immune markers employing ELISA and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to aggregate and derived biomarker factor scores. Lastly, multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the associations between the scales and the derived biomarker factor scores, controlling for covariates. PCA extracted six biomarker factors. Biomarker factor score 1 was significantly associated with PWB (β=-0.029, p=0.035) and the PWB sub-scale, self-acceptance (β=-0.089, p=0.047), while biomarker factor score 4 was significantly associated with the PWB sub-scale, purpose in life (β=-0.087, p=0.025). On the other hand, biomarker factor 6 was significantly associated with SDS (β=-0.070, p=0.008). There were mutually- exclusive associations between the scales with biomarker factor scores, supporting the hypothesis of distinct constructs. Our findings expanded the biomarkers of depression and PWB, deepening understanding of the biological underpinnings of depressive symptoms and PWB. These findings have implications in field work, since researchers could not infer one construct from the other, the examination of both constructs are essential.


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