Poisons affecting the skin

All homes contain substances capable of causing serious injury if they come into contact with the skin. These substances include detergents, acids and alkalis found in many cleaning products, and petroleum distillates, such as white spirit and petrol. Asphalt used in road surfacing can also cause local effects, particularly if it is still hot when contact occurs. The risk of these chemicals having an effect on the skin is increased if decontamination is delayed. The method of decontamination will depend on the substance involved, but in many cases simple bathing is sufficient. Removal of oily or greasy substances may require the use of a commercial degreaser and sticky material may need to be softened with oil or fat to allow removal. Decontamination after contact with corrosive substances may require prolonged and repeated water irrigation to ensure thorough removal. Another potential source of dermal injury in pets is exposure to psoralen-containing plants such as hogweed, Heracleum spp. in combination with ultraviolet light, which can result in erythema, blistering and dermatitis. In this case, management is supportive with an avoidance of sunlight.

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Poisons affecting the skin

The Veterinary Nurse ◽

10.12968/vetn.2021.12.4.176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 176-180

Author(s):

Nicola Bates

Keyword(s):

Case Management ◽

White Spirit ◽

Local Effects ◽

Potential Source ◽

Cleaning Products ◽

Petroleum Distillates ◽

Serious Injury

All homes contain substances capable of causing serious injury if they come into contact with the skin. These substances include detergents, acids and alkalis found in many cleaning products, and petroleum distillates such as white spirit and petrol. Asphalt used in road surfacing can also cause local effects, particularly if it is still hot when contact occurs. The risk of effects on the skin from these chemicals is increased if decontamination in delayed. The method of decontamination will depend on the substance involved but in many cases simple bathing is sufficient. Removal of oily or greasy substances may require the use of a commercial degreaser and sticky material may need to be softened with oil or fat to facilitate removal. Decontamination after contact with corrosive substances may require prolonged and repeated water irrigation to ensure thorough removal. Another potential source of dermal injury in pets is exposure to psoralen-containing plants (such as hogweed, Heracleum spp.) in combination with ultraviolent light (sunlight) which can result in erythema, blistering and dermatitis. In this case, management is supportive with avoidance of sunlight.

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Petroleum Distillates/White Spirit/Kerosene

Handbook of Poisoning in Dogs and Cats ◽

10.1002/9780470699010.ch12 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 52-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

White Spirit ◽

Petroleum Distillates

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The Use of Styrenes as Embedding Media for Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066498 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 488-489

Author(s):

Edward D. De-Lamater ◽

Eric Johnson ◽

Thad Schoen ◽

Cecil Whitaker

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Tension ◽

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide ◽

Methyl Ethyl ◽

Styrene Polymerization ◽

Radical Initiation ◽

Tertiary Butyl ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Free Radical Initiation

Monomeric styrenes are demonstrated as excellent embedding media for electron microscopy. Monomeric styrene has extremely low viscosity and low surface tension (less than 1) affording extremely rapid penetration into the specimen. Spurr's Medium based on ERL-4206 (J.Ultra. Research 26, 31-43, 1969) is viscous, requiring gradual infiltration with increasing concentrations. Styrenes are soluble in alcohol and acetone thus fitting well into the usual dehydration procedures. Infiltration with styrene may be done directly following complete dehydration without dilution.Monomeric styrenes are usually inhibited from polymerization by a catechol, in this case, tertiary butyl catechol. Styrene polymerization is activated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone peroxide, a liquid, and probably acts by overcoming the inhibition of the catechol, acting as a source of free radical initiation.Polymerization is carried out either by a temperature of 60°C. or under ultraviolet light with wave lengths of 3400-4000 Engstroms; polymerization stops on removal from the ultraviolet light or heat and is therefore controlled by the length of exposure.

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Resolution in photoelectron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100086593 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 458-459

Author(s):

G. F. Rempfer

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electric Field ◽

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Uniform Field ◽

Virtual Image ◽

Lens System ◽

Photoemission Electron Microscopy ◽

Planar Electrode ◽

Electron Lens ◽

Photoemission Electron

In photoelectron microscopy (PEM), also called photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), the image is formed by electrons which have been liberated from the specimen by ultraviolet light. The electrons are accelerated by an electric field before being imaged by an electron lens system. The specimen is supported on a planar electrode (or the electrode itself may be the specimen), and the accelerating field is applied between the specimen, which serves as the cathode, and an anode. The accelerating field is essentially uniform except for microfields near the surface of the specimen and a diverging field near the anode aperture. The uniform field forms a virtual image of the specimen (virtual specimen) at unit lateral magnification, approximately twice as far from the anode as is the specimen. The diverging field at the anode aperture in turn forms a virtual image of the virtual specimen at magnification 2/3, at a distance from the anode of 4/3 the specimen distance. This demagnified virtual image is the object for the objective stage of the lens system.

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Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095017 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 350-351

Author(s):

K. Shankar Narayan ◽

Kailash C. Gupta ◽

Tohru Okigaki

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Chinese Hamster ◽

Cell Types ◽

Differential Sensitivity ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

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How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100132649 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1602-1603

Author(s):

Philippe Fragu

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Biological Applications ◽

The Past ◽

Potential Source ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Chemical Integrity ◽

Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

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Assessing the Use of Age-Equivalent Scores in Clinical Management

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2301.06 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 6-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Carol W. Lawrence

Keyword(s):

Case Management ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Management Decisions ◽

Language Deficits

Speech-language evaluation reports from many institutions present age-equivalent scores as the evidence for speech-language deficits. Yet, the value and interpretation of this measurement criterion requires clinical scrutiny. This article reviews the concept and derivation of age-equivalent scores and presents arguments against their use in case management decisions.

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