Survey of smoking cessation services and pregnant women's views on use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy

Introduction: Women who continue to smoke during pregnancy are at risk of smoking-related diseases, maternity complications and expose the foetus to risks of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The number of women smoking at the time of delivery is estimated at 13.5% in England and 15.8% in the West Midlands. However, the prevalence can be elevated in certain areas, such as north Solihull.Aims: This research consults past, current and non-users of specialist smoking cessation services and reports pregnant women's views of smoking cessation delivery and potential service developments.Methods: Focus groups were conducted with 19 participants with experience of prenatal smoking.Findings: Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The main themes included: (1) improving access to clear, sensitive information on smoking and pregnancy; (2) perceptions of existing services; (3) improving current services: the right delivery and the right person; and (4) encouraging participation of pregnant smokers.Conclusions: In this area, pregnant smokers wanted easily-accessible, empathetic, non-judgemental and flexible support more than incentives or rewards to quit smoking. They also stated a preference for group cessation support as they believed that peer support would be advantageous.

Download Full-text

Smoking habits of UK military personnel on deployment: Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 166 (6) ◽

pp. 396-400

Author(s):

J F Williams ◽

M Fuller ◽

M B Smith

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Data Collection ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Smoking Cessation Services ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Number Of Individuals

IntroductionChanges of environment brought about by deployments are often attributed to an increase in smoking of service personnel. Electronic cigarettes are recognised as being a viable aid to quitting smoking but are currently banned from sale in Oman and were therefore banned during exercise SAIF SAREEA 3 (SS3). This paper sought to establish whether smoking increased on this exercise and for what reasons. Also, if deployed smoking cessation services are likely to be used, if available.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to deployed troops at various locations in theatre for data collection.ResultsSmoking prevalence increased by 5.2% (29) in the deployed population by the end of the exercise. The largest increase was seen in those smoking 20 cigarettes a day or more, rising by 269.8% (73) with a mean increase of 9 cigarettes per day. During the exercise the number of personnel using electronic cigarettes decreased and individuals’ rate of electronic cigarette use also decreased. Those who smoked less during the exercise did mainly through choice (56.8%). 50% (280) of all individuals who increased smoking habits during the exercise did so out of boredom.ConclusionsDuring exercise SS3 the number of individuals who smoked and the quantity they smoked increased. The ban on electronic cigarettes in Oman and while on exercise potentially had an effect on the increased smoking habits. There is an argument to include smoking cessation material in medical modules to prevent ex-smokers from restarting, continue to aid those quitting and potentially lessen severity of increasing smoking habits while deployed.

Download Full-text

Midwives' recommendation of electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation strategy in pregnancy

British Journal of Midwifery ◽

10.12968/bjom.2021.29.1.37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Amy Broadfield ◽

Keivan Ahmadi ◽

Helen Ayre

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Stop Smoking Services ◽

Narrative Literature Review ◽

In Pregnancy

Introduction Electronic cigarettes have been described as a public health crisis. Approximately 10.6% of pregnant women smoke conventional cigarettes at the time of delivery, but the prevalence of e-cigarette use during pregnancy is unknown. Objectives To assess the extent of midwives' current knowledge and attitudes on electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation strategy during pregnancy. Methods Electronic databases were searched. These were supplemented by manual searches, which were completed to include reports from Public Health England and the Royal College of Midwives. Results A total of 22 papers were identified, reviewed and are presented as a narrative literature review. Topics such as epidemiology, organisational stances, opinions of smoking cessation in pregnancy and opinions from stop smoking services were explored. There have been conflicting ideas regarding the use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy and women who have recently given birth. Conclusions Whilst the current literature regarding electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation strategy during pregnancy is well explored, there is no literature that investigates the attitudes of midwives and how this may affect their recommendation of e-cigarettes. The results of this study could serve as a point of reference for future clinical research, as well as clinical practice, by bringing to light the knowledge and attitudes midwives have regarding electronic cigarette use in pregnancy, and may be able to suggest some changes to improve the current practices.

Download Full-text

Medicaid Offers Smoking Cessation Services for Pregnant Women

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e559562009-004 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Olson

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Smoking Cessation Services

Download Full-text

Smoking cessation in pregnancy: An observational study

Clinical Health Promotion - Research and Best Practice for patients staff and community ◽

10.29102/clinhp.15007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Pauline Kent ◽

Mette Jensen ◽

Rachel Reilly ◽

Amy McGowan ◽

Leanne Dineen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Observational Study ◽

In Pregnancy

Download Full-text

Beliefs, Practices, and Self-efficacy of US Physicians Regarding Smoking Cessation and Electronic Cigarettes: A National Survey

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntw194 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 197-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Andrew S. Nickels ◽

David O. Warner ◽

Sarah Michelle Jenkins ◽

Jon Tilburt ◽

J. Taylor Hays

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

National Survey ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Electronic Cigarettes

Download Full-text

Efficacy of electronic cigarettes for tobacco smoking cessation: An adapted systematic review

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

T O'Dowd

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Smoking Reduction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Worldwide smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by tobacco smokers as an aid to smoking cessation; however, their efficacy remains uncertain. Methods Electronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature sources were searched. The aim was to examine randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, published since the 2016 Cochrane review on this topic, that assessed the efficacy of ECs in achieving smoking cessation among current smokers. Results Two RCTs and five cohort studies, including a total of 16,460 participants, were eligible for inclusion. One RCT found sustained 1-year abstinence of 18.0% in the EC group versus 9.9% in the nicotine replacement therapy group (RR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.58; P < 0.001). The second RCT did not find a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between EC users and non-users (RR 0.71). Of the five included cohort studies, four reported statistically significant RRs. Two found a positive association (RRs of 1.45 and 1.84) between EC use and smoking cessation but two studies showed EC use was associated with reduced smoking cessation (RRs of 0.25 and 0.35). Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies the data were deemed unsuitable for pooling into a meta-analysis. All trials assessing smoking reduction reported higher rates of reduction among EC users. No serious adverse events were reported with EC use. Follow-up periods of included trials ranged from one to four years, with an average of 1.6 years. Conclusions There is limited, low-quality evidence that ECs are an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction. The overall quality of evidence is low as it is based on a small number of studies with inconsistent and imprecise results. Due to the short follow-up periods of the included trials, the long-term safety of ECs is unclear from this review. Key messages Limited evidence that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation intervention. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the efficacy of ECs for smoking cessation.

Download Full-text

Effects of active referral combined with a small financial incentive on smoking cessation: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e038351

Author(s):

Xue Weng ◽

Man Ping Wang ◽

Ho Cheung William Li ◽

Yee Tak Derek Cheung ◽

Ching Yin Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Financial Incentive ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Smoking Cessation Services ◽

Randomised Controlled

IntroductionEvidence-based smoking cessation treatments are effective but underutilised, accentuating the need for novel approaches to increase use. This trial investigates the effects of active referral combined with a financial incentive to use smoking cessation services on smoking abstinence among community smokers.Methods and analysisThis ongoing study is a two-arm, assessor-blinded, pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial with follow‐ups at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after randomisation. We aim to enrol 1134 daily smokers from 70 community sites (clusters) in Hong Kong. All participants receive Ask, Warn, Advise, Refer, Do-it-again (AWARD) guided advice and a self-help booklet at baseline. Additionally, participants in the intervention group receive an offer of referral to smoking cessation services at baseline and a small financial incentive (HK$300≈US$38) contingent on using any of such services within 3 months. The primary outcomes are bioverified abstinence (exhaled carbon monoxide <4 ppm and salivary cotinine <10 ng/mL) at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes include self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence, smoking reduction rate, quit attempts and the use of smoking cessation services at 3 and 6 months. Intention-to-treat approach and regression models will be used in primary analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (IRB reference number: UW 18-318). The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, and the key findings will be presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT03565796.

Download Full-text

Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karolien Adriaens ◽

Eline Belmans ◽

Dinska Van Gucht ◽

Frank Baeyens

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽

Cessation Treatment ◽

Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Background This interventional-cohort study tried to answer if people who smoke and choose an e-cigarette in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders are achieving smoking abstinence and how they compare to clients who opt for commonly recommended (or no) aids (nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation medication). Methods Participants were recruited by tobacco counselors. They followed smoking cessation treatment (in group) for 2 months. At several times during treatment and 7 months after quit date, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires and to perform eCO measurements. Results One third of all participants (n = 244) achieved smoking abstinence 7 months after the quit date, with e-cigarette users having higher chances to be smoking abstinent at the final session compared to NRT users. Point prevalence abstinence rates across all follow-up measurements, however, as well as continuous and prolonged smoking abstinence, were similar in e-cigarette users and in clients having chosen a commonly recommended (or no) smoking cessation aid. No differences were obtained between smoking cessation aids with respect to product use and experiences. Conclusions People who smoke and choose e-cigarettes in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors show similar if not higher smoking cessation rates compared to those choosing other evidence-based (or no) smoking cessation aids.

Download Full-text