Disaster at Buffalo Creek

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Erikson
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Middle Fork ◽  
Buffalo Creek ◽  
The Individual

This chapter focuses on the Buffalo Creek flood in West Virginia that occurred on February 26, 1972. Almost everyone along Buffalo Creek depended on coal mining for a living. The creek is formed by three narrow forks meeting at the top of the hollow. The middle of these forks, known as Middle Fork, had been for many years the site of an enormous bank of mine waste. The waste was there because it solved two important disposal problems for the Buffalo Mining Company. This chapter describes the events that led to the Buffalo Creek disaster and its aftermath. It also considers the individual and collective trauma caused by the flood. Finally, it presents the story of a survivor named “Wilbur.”

scholarly journals FROM ORANJE NASSAU TO PULAU LAUT : THE INVEST OF COAL MINING IN SOUTHEAST KALIMANTAN FROM 1845 TO 1931

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Mansyur -
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

European Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century brought great changes not only in Europe itself but also in other parts of the world including Indonesia which was used to be a country of Dutch colony. The invention of steam-powered ships triggered the Dutch to use steam-powered vessels as the alteration of yachts, wind-powered ships, in the 19th century. At the beginning, the steam-powered ships used rotating wheels in the left and right side; however, the ships finally used ordinary windmills or propellers. The decrease and the lack of this production was getting worsened the competition of other producer countries in world market and the unstable coal market and in crisis year in 1930, Pulau Laut Mining Company production dropped so that it was closed down in the same year.

scholarly journals ANALISA RISIKO DAN KEUNTUNGAN INVESTASI SAHAM BATU BARA DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (Tahun 2010-2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
Risk And Benefit ◽  
Level Of Risk

This research was motivated by the increasing value of the production and consumption of coal from year to year, but is not offset by an increase in new investment in this sector. Each selection of investment decisions certainly linked to the degree of risk and benefit ratio, in order to know how much future investment results that will be obtained with the level of risk to a minimum. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of risk and benefit ratio of shares in a coal mining company listed on the Stock Exchange during the study period 2010-2014. Calculation of the level of risk in this study was measured by VaR (Value at Risk) and the profit rate is measured with RAROC (Risk Adjusted Return on Capital). The results of this study indicate that the coal mining stocks are a potential value loss (high risk low return). The highest VaR value during the study period experienced by PKPK of 0.64300 or 64.30% in 2010. The market value of the highest RAROC during the observation period by ITMG in 2010 amounted to 0.4304 or 43%.

Coal-Mining in the Seventeenth Century

1925 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Moller
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Individual Consumer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Forest Lands

The history of coal-mining in the seventeenth century covers what may be termed the first chapter in the great story of English coal. In less than a century a seemingly insignificant and experimental industry developed into one of considerable importance. Coal had been used locally before this period; but an industry, as such, did not arise till a decline in the country's supply of wood stimulated new activities. It is possible that the introduction of coal might have been indefinitely postponed, had not years of ruthless felling of timber and neglect of forest lands, coincident with an increasing demand for wood for other than domestic purposes, caused a shortage of fuel. To the Elizabethan the decay of woods had an even wider significance. The demands of the Navy, the extension of the Empire and the discovery of new countries all laid a claim on timber. Its preservation became a matter of national concern. That the individual consumer should have possessed this degree of circumspection, and acted accordingly, was hardly to be expected; but the national needs were brought home to him through an increase in the price of wood. The use of coal became a matter of necessity rather than of choice.

Horror, Trauma, and George A. Romero’s Martin (1978)

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Adam Lowenstein
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Fantastic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Event Based

Abstract This essay analyzes how George A. Romero, in his underrated psychological vampire film Martin, translates individual trauma (slow, process-based, unrecognized) into collective trauma (sudden, event-based, recognized) through a vocabulary of horror. The language of trauma spoken by Martin is not the one we expect from the horror film, with its traditional investments in fantastic spectacle. Instead, it is a language that combines horror’s fantastic vocabulary and documentary’s realist vocabulary in ways that undermine our attempts to distinguish between the two modes. Romero’s vision urges us to see catastrophe where we are accustomed to seeing only the mundane, and collective trauma where we routinely see only individual trauma. In Martin’s version of horror, the economic decline of Braddock, Pennsylvania, is paired with trauma connected to the Vietnam War and immigration. The film moves between these coordinates to revisualize the distinctions that divide the fantastic from the real as well as the individual from the collective.

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