A possible source of raw material for ceramics from the area of the towns Yambol and Elhovo – preliminary results

The application of geological methods of investigation to archeological objects gives the necessary information about the source of materials (rocks, clays, etc.) for preparation of different tools during the Prehistoric time. Using XRF analyses of clays from natural outcrops along the valley of the Tundzha River and of ceramic vessels from the area of the towns of Yambol and Elhovo we found out that these vessels were prepared from clays from this region.

SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ANCIENT GEORGIA

The article provides an overview of the history of origin and development of sport and physical education throughout the centuries. It highlights the global factors that contributed to the origination of sport and physical education, including such issues, as: human beings’ ability to withstand harsh natural environment and obtain their livelihood; development of necessary skills related to creation and use of martial weapons, and military training in the Middle Ages, etc. The aforesaid circumstances created favorable conditions in the prehistoric time for the development and introduction of various mass games. Those games/competitions oftentimes were of ritualistic nature. Some irrefutable facts substantiating the emergence/existence of sport and physical education in various regions across the globe are presented in the article. Against this background, the significant part of it is devoted to the discussion of the circumstances related to the sport and physical education issues in the ancient and medieval Georgian reality. It has been noted that, when dealing with numerous enemies from various countries, throughout the centuries the Georgian nation had employed diverse physical training systems, ensuring revitalization and toughening up of the society, and thus safeguarding the country’s security against the enemy onslaught. The end-text of the article focuses on the medieval Georgia and the sport and physical education-related activities of those times.

A Study on the Wound Healing Properties of Medicago sativa

There are lots of herbal plants are using for various treatment, food remedy etc from the prehistoric time. India has taken a great part to garage lots of herbal plants. 3-12 years lifespan containing and cool climate growing Medicago sativa is one of them good rank holder herbal plant. After studying the chemical constituents of M. sativa, it contains vitamin C, vitamin K, genistein which have great wound healing activity as well as it can cure kidney pain, cough, sore muscle, asthma etc. But it cannot take those people who are suffering breast cancer, ovarian cancer etc. At last, after overall study, Medicago sativa has great reflection on human and animals. Keywords: Medicago sativa, wound healing, vitamin C, vitamin K, genistein, food remedy.

A Succinct Exploration on Bilwa (Aegle marmelos) Plant – A Literature Review

Aegle marmelos (L) Correa (family: Rutaceae) is used to treat a wide range of ailments. This plant has been around since prehistoric time. As it produces a number of alkaloids, all aspects of the plant, including fruits, leaves, bark, stem, and root, are used to treat variety of diseases. Antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties are some of the most important medicinal properties of Bilwa. Fruit-derived compounds have been shown to have biological promise in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, gastric ulcers, and hyperlipidaemia. Many experiments have been conducted on its medical properties and uses which demonstrate its importance in today's environment. The anatomy, distribution, dietary action, Ayurveda applications, and pharmacological properties of this plant is outlined in this review manuscript.

A 5,000-year vegetation and fire history for tierra firme forests in the Medio Putumayo-Algodón watersheds, northeastern Peru

This paper addresses an important debate in Amazonian studies; namely, the scale, intensity, and nature of human modification of the forests in prehistory. Phytolith and charcoal analysis of terrestrial soils underneath mature tierra firme (nonflooded, nonriverine) forests in the remote Medio Putumayo-Algodón watersheds, northeastern Peru, provide a vegetation and fire history spanning at least the past 5,000 y. A tree inventory carried out in the region enables calibration of ancient phytolith records with standing vegetation and estimates of palm species densities on the landscape through time. Phytolith records show no evidence for forest clearing or agriculture with major annual seed and root crops. Frequencies of important economic palms such as Oenocarpus, Euterpe, Bactris, and Astrocaryum spp., some of which contain hyperdominant species in the modern flora, do not increase through prehistoric time. This indicates pre-Columbian occupations, if documented in the region with future research, did not significantly increase the abundance of those species through management or cultivation. Phytoliths from other arboreal and woody species similarly reflect a stable forest structure and diversity throughout the records. Charcoal 14C dates evidence local forest burning between ca. 2,800 and 1,400 y ago. Our data support previous research indicating that considerable areas of some Amazonian tierra firme forests were not significantly impacted by human activities during the prehistoric era. Rather, it appears that over the last 5,000 y, indigenous populations in this region coexisted with, and helped maintain, large expanses of relatively unmodified forest, as they continue to do today.

Latvju dainu atbalsis Veltas Sniķeres lirikā

The research “Echoes of Latvian Dainas in the Lyrics of Velta Sniķere” examines motifs and fragments of Latvian folk songs in the poetry by Sniķere. Several poems that directly reveal the montage of folk songs are selected as research objects. Linguistic, semantic, hermeneutical and historical as well as literary methods were used in poetry analysis. The research emphasizes the importance of Latvian folklore in the process of Latvian exile literature, the genesis of modern lyrics, and the philosophical conception of the poet. Latvian folk songs in the lyrics of Sniķere are mainly perceived as a source of ancient knowledge and as a path to the Indo-European first language, prehistoric time, which is understood only in a poetic state. Often, the montage of Latvian folk songs or their fragments in the lyrics of Sniķere is revealed as a reflexive reverence that creates a semantic fracture and opposition between profane and sacred view. The insertion of a song in the poem alters the rhythmic and phonetic sound: a free and sometimes dissonant article is replaced by a harmonic trochee, while an internationalism saturated language is replaced by a simple, phonetically effective language composed of alliterations and assonances. The montage of folk songs in a poem is justified by the necessity to restore the Latvian identity in exile, to restore the memory of ancient, mythical knowledge, to represent the understanding of beauty and other moral-ethical values and to show the thought activity. Common mythical images in the lyrics of Sniķere are snake, wind, gold, silver, stone etc. The Latvian folk song symbolism and lifestyle of the poet are organically synthesized with the insights of Indian philosophy.

Revisiting Brenda Almond’s view of Human Bonds

In the prehistoric time, there was an inclination of human beings to protect their existence by living in societies. They confine themselves in the society because of having their qualities of mutual love and amity. The general tendencies of human beings are to develop bonds. These bonds happen in various ways. Society cannot survive without bonds. Bonds have significance in philosophical discussion. In the history of contemporary philosophy, applied philosophy is one of the several other aspects. Applied philosophy deals with Human rights, Euthanasia, Feminism, Abortion, Animal rights, Bonds etc. Brenda Almond, a leading figure in applied philosophy, has offered arguments in favor of her viewpoint regarding the importance of human bonds. In this paper, Almond‟s view on the nature and significance of bond has been analyzed. However, bond has also been studied from ethical perspective in this paper. And finally, it is claimed that marriage and cosmopolitanism make bonds stronger. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#61-62; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2017 P 147-164

PENGKAJIAN KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG TANAH GAMBUT DIDAERAH PENGEMBANGAN IRIGASI DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Piles and pile foundations have been in use since prehistoric time. The commonest function of piles is to transfer a load that cannot be adequately supported at shallow depths to a depth where adequate support becomes available. When a pile passes through poor material and its tip penetrates a small distance into a stratum of good bearing capacity it is called a bearing pile. When piles are installed in a deep stratum of limited supporting ability and these piles developed their carrying capacity by friction on the sides of the pile, they are called friction piles. Many times the load carrying of piles results from a combination of point resistance and skin friction. The load taken by a single pile can be determined by static load test. The allowable load is obtained by applying a factor of safety to the failure load. Although it is expensive, a static load test is the only reliable means of determining allowable load on a friction pile. In this case,“Cerucuk” are widely used in foundation engineering to increase bearing capacity of the foundation andreduce the settlement. Keywords : Pile foundation, bearing capacity, skin friction.