A Study on Improvement of Constant Repulsive Force Characteristic

Scanned probe microscopes (SPM) have been widely used for studying the structure of a variety material surfaces and thin films. Interpretation of SPM images, however, remains a debatable subject at best. Unlike electron microscopes (EMs) where diffraction patterns and images regularly provide data on lattice spacings and angles within 1-2% and ∽1° accuracy, our experience indicates that lattice distances and angles in raw SPM images can be off by as much as 10% and ∽6°, respectively. Because SPM images can be affected by processes like the coupling between fast and slow scan direction, hysteresis of piezoelectric scanner, thermal drift, anisotropic tip and sample interaction, etc., the causes for such a large discrepancy maybe complex even though manufacturers suggest that the correction can be done through only instrument calibration.We show here that scanning repulsive force microscope (SFM or AFM) images of freshly cleaved mica, a substrate material used for thin film studies as well as for SFM instrument calibration, are distorted compared with the lattice structure expected for mica.

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The study for constant force characteristic of C-shaped superelastic SMA

International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics ◽

10.3233/jae-209443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1-4) ◽

pp. 1253-1259

Author(s):

Minghui Wang ◽

Hongliu Yu

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory Alloys ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Medical Device ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Force Characteristic ◽

Constant Force ◽

Curve Shape ◽

Artificial Sphincter ◽

Round Bar

Clamping devices with constant force or pressure are desired in medical device, such as hemostatic forceps and the artificial sphincter, to prevent soft tissues from injures due to overloading. It is easily obtained by stretching an SMA wire. However, studies with SMA bending round bar have seldom been reported before. This paper studied constant force characteristic of C-shaped round bar with shape memory alloys. Optimization designs of the components were carried out with computational simulation. Numerical results show that the phenomenon of constant force strongly depends on contour curve shape and geometric dimensions of the C-shaped round bar of SMA component.

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The Weight Reduction of Charged Capacitors, Charge-Mass Interaction, and Einstein's Unification

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v7i3.1586 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1959-1969 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Y. Lo

Keyword(s):

General Relativity ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Gravitational Force ◽

Gravitational Energy ◽

Repulsive Force ◽

Mass Force ◽

Charge Mass ◽

Energy Stress ◽

Current Mass ◽

Photonic Energy

The Biefeld-Brown (B-B) effect consists of two parts: 1) the initial thrust is due to the electric potential that moves the electrons to the positive post; and 2) the subsequent lift is due to the separate concentration of the positive and the negative charges. The weight reduction of a charged capacitor is due to a repulsive charge-mass interaction, which is normally cancelled by the attractive current-mass interaction. In a charged capacitor, some electrons initially moving in the orbits become statically concentrated and thus a net repulsive force is exhibited. Based on observations, it is concluded that a repulsive charge-mass interaction is proportional to the charge density square and diminishes faster than the attractive gravitational force, and that the current-mass force is perpendicular to the current. This charge-mass interaction is crucial to establish the unification of electromagnetism and gravitation. To confirm general relativity further, experimental verification of the details of this mass-charge repulsive force is recommended. Moreover, general relativity implies that the photons must include gravitational energy and this explains that experiments show that the photonic energy is equivalent to mass although the electromagnetic energy-stress tensor is traceless. In general relativity,it is crucial to understandnon-linear mathematics and that the Einstein equation has no bounded dynamic solutions. However, due to following Einstein's errors, theorists failed in understanding these and ignored experimental facts on repulsive gravitation. Since the charge-mass interaction occurs in many areas of physics, Einstein's unification is potentially another revolution in physics. Moreover, the existence of a repulsive gravitation implies the necessity of re-justifying anew the speculation of black holes.

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Determination of the Repulsive Force of High-Coercivity Permanent Magnets in the Axial Bearing of a Pump

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10556-021-00863-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Ya. Krasil’nikov ◽

A. A. Krasil’nikov ◽

D. V. Taranov

Keyword(s):

Permanent Magnets ◽

Repulsive Force ◽

High Coercivity

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Analysis of vibration response and machining quality of hybrid robot based UD-CFRP trimming

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture ◽

10.1177/0954405420986093 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440542098609

Author(s):

Yan Zhang ◽

Hao Li ◽

Xuda Qin ◽

Jie liu ◽

Zhuojie Hou

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Vibration Response ◽

Industrial Robots ◽

Force Characteristic ◽

Surface Waviness ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Machining Quality ◽

3D Surface Roughness ◽

Machined Surface Quality ◽

Vibration Responses

To fulfill the demands of higher precision, better quality, and more flexibility, the usage of high-performance industrial robots is rapidly increased in aerospace industry. Considering the anisotropic and inhomogeneous characteristics of composite materials, this study focuses mainly on dynamic response investigation of a newly designed hybrid robot (named as TriMule) in CFRP trimming process and its influence on the machined quality. First, combined with the cutting force characteristic, the vibration responses of tool center point (TCP) under the dynamic excitation were obtained. The influences of robotic TCP vibration on machined surface quality with different fiber orientations, including surface waviness, cavity, 3D surface roughness, and depth of affected zone, are first studied by comparing hybrid robot and machine tool. From experiment results, it can be concluded the proposed TCP vibration response model has sufficient prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, it is found that larger robotic vibration response is accompanied by higher surface waviness, bigger surface cavity, and greater affected zone. Results also showed that the fiber orientation and milling style are two essential factors that affect robot vibration and machining quality during CFRP trimming.

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