scholarly journals Supermicroscopy and arterio-venolization for digit replantation in young children after traumatic amputation: Two case reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 5394-5400
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ze-Min Wang ◽  
Jing-Hui Yao
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Traumatic Amputation

scholarly journals Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Very Young Children: First Case Reports on Stability and Developmental Considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michael S. Scheeringa ◽  
Lauren C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
First Case

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is purported to start in early childhood but concerns about attenuation of anxiety symptoms over time and the development of emerging cognitive and emotional processing capabilities pose multiple challenges for accurate detection. This paper presents the first known case reports of very young children with GAD to examine these developmental challenges at the item level. Three children, five-to-six years of age, were assessed with the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment twice in a test-retest reliability study. One case appeared to show attenuation of the worries during the test-retest period based on caregiver report but not when followed over two years. The other two cases showed stability of the full complement of diagnostic criteria. The cases were useful for demonstrating that the current diagnostic criteria appear adequate for this developmental period. The challenges of accurate assessment of young children that might cause missed diagnoses are discussed. Future research on the underlying dysregulation of negative emotionality and long-term follow-ups are needed to better understand the etiology, treatment, and course of GAD in this age group.

DOES PERTUSSIS VACCINE CAUSE PERMANENT BRAIN DAMAGE? UNITED KINGDOM COURT RULES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. A54-A54
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage

1. The preliminary issue to be determined by the court is, can pertussis vaccine cause permanent brain damage in young children? The question relates to pertussis vaccine manufactured in the United Kingdom and applies to all children whether or not they were neurologically normal before vaccination. The burden of proof rests on the Plaintiff and the standard of proof is that of the balance of probability. It must be shown that it is more likely than not that the vaccine can cause permanent brain damage. 2. The medical and expert opinion is deeply divided on the issue. 3. The question is not answered by showing that there is a respectable and responsible body of medical opinion that the vaccine can, albeit rarely, cause permanent brain damage, or that this view is/may be more widely held than the contrary. 4. Similarly the advice contained in the contra-indications against pertussis vaccination . . . cannot be relied upon as though it were evidence . . . that the vaccine in fact causes permanent brain damage. 5. Reports of . . . encephalopathy resulting in . . . brain damage or death where the onset occurs shortly after DTP vaccination, raises the hypothesis that the vaccine may cause brain damage or death. It does not prove the hypothesis. Such reports do not take account of events occurring by chance, for which no explanation can be found. What they do establish is that encephalopathy resulting occasionally in permanent brain damage or death does sometimes occur in close temporal proximity to pertussis vaccination. 6. I have reviewed the evidence and reasoning of the Plaintiffs and Defendants' expert witnesses . . . . I have found myself more impressed both by the cogency and quality of the evidence and reasoning of the experts called on behalf of the Defendants. 7. When I embarked on consideration of the preliminary issue, I was impressed by the case reports and what was evidently a widely held belief that the vaccination could, albeit rarely, cause permanent brain damage. I was ready to accept that this belief was well founded. But over the weeks that I have listened to and examined the evidence and arguments, I have become more and more doubtful that this is so. I have now come to the clear conclusion that the Plaintiff fails to satisfy me on the balance of probability that pertussis vaccine can cause permanent brain damage in young children. It is possible it does, the contrary cannot be proved. But in the result the Plaintiff's claim must fail.

scholarly journals Bone marrow elements in cerebrospinal fluid: Review of literature with a case study

CytoJournal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Ann Thomas ◽  
Felicia Tze Yee Goh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Of Literature

Presence of bone marrow elements in cerebrospinal fluid is rare. Journal publications on this topic are few and majority of them were written over a decade ago mostly as case reports in young children or the elderly. The increased cellularity and presence of myeloid precursors can be a pitfall and may be misdiagnosed as leukemia or lymphoma or central nervous system infection, when the specimen is actually not representative. With the intention to create awareness of potential pitfalls and avoid erroneous diagnoses, as well as adding on to the current photo archive of bone marrow elements in CSF, we present a recent case of bone marrow contaminants in the CSF of a 16-year-old girl.

Acute Ethanol Intoxication in a Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-840
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Dickerman ◽  
William Bishop ◽  
James F. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Acute Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Acute Alcoholism

Acute alcoholism is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. The signs and symptoms of acute ethanol intoxication and the metabolic fate of ethanol in the body are well known.1 There are a few case reports of alcohol-induced hypoglycemia in young children2 and also case reports of withdrawal symptoms in infants of alcoholic mothers.3 Yet there is very little in the literature on the course, treatment, and prognosis of children with acute poisoning due to accidental alcohol ingestion. This report is designed to call attention to this entity, to describe a case whose blood alcoholic level was, as far as we know, the highest recorded in the pediatric literature in a survivor, to Suggest a mode of therapy, and, hopefully, to awaken pediatricians to thew possibility of ethanol intoxication in young children.

Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Reaction in Two Children following Discontinuation of Sedation with Midazolam

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baziel G.M. van Engelen ◽  
Jules S. Gimbrere ◽  
Leo H. Booy
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Withdrawal Reaction ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Abrupt Discontinuation ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal

OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of recurrent benzodiazepine withdrawal reactions in two very young children following discontinuation of sedation with midazolam. CASE SUMMARY: A 15-month-old boy with apneic episodes was sedated with midazolam for 12 days with constant infusion. Half a day after discontinuation of the midazolam the boy became restless, tachycardic, and hyperpyrexia. When midazolam was readministered, all symptoms disappeared. Four days later midazolam was again discontinued and within 12 hours the same signs and symptoms reappeared. Midazolam infusion was restarted, and the signs and symptoms disappeared for the second time. After thoracotomy, a 14-day-old boy received intravenous midazolam for sedation for 29 days. Within 12 hours after discontinuation of midazolam he became restless, developed a bulging stomach secondary to aerophagia, and was vomiting. Midazolam therapy was reinstituted and continued for another 2 months by constant infusion. Thereafter, the boy was successfully weaned from artificial ventilation in 5 days under sedation with midazolam. About 12 hours after discontinuation of midazolam the boy became restless, tachycardic, again developed a bulging stomach because of aerophagia, and vomited. When the child was sedated with clorazepate by continuous infusion, the signs and symptoms disappeared. DISCUSSION: Case reports describing benzodiazepine withdrawal reaction upon discontinuation of midazolam were reviewed and compared. The symptoms observed in the children we present resemble those mentioned in the three children and two adults reported previously. Unique in the very young children in this article is the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms, which most likely are the result of air being swallowed secondary to severe agitation. CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam withdrawal reactions in adults and children, particularly in an intensive care unit, can be significant. Considerable caution must be taken with relatively long-term administration and abrupt discontinuation of midazolam.

scholarly journals Risk of hypoglycemia induced by pivalate-conjugated antibiotics in young children: a population-based retrospective study in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatebe Yasuhisa ◽  
Toshihiro Koyama ◽  
Naoko Mikami ◽  
Yoshihisa Kitamura ◽  
Toshiaki Sendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Pharmacy Claims ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Statistical Classification

AbstractInfection is a common cause for an outpatient visit for young children. Pivalate-conjugated antibiotics (PCAs) are often used for these patients in Japan. However, a few case reports have shown that PCAs can provoke hypoglycemia in children, but no larger study has shown that PCAs increase the risk of hypoglycemia. The current study was performed as a retrospective review of children aged 1 month to 5 years old with at least once prescription of PCAs or other beta-lactam antibiotics from January 2011 to December 2013, using a medical and pharmacy claims database. Hypoglycemia was defined based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision code or prescription of 10% or 20% glucose injection, and the incidence of hypoglycemic events was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the risk of hypoglycemia with PCAs compared with control antibiotics. The study cohort contained 179,594 eligible patients (male: 52.2%, mean age: 3.2 years). The numbers of prescriptions were 454,153 and 417,287 for PCAs and control antibiotics, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that PCAs were associated with hypoglycemia (adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.24, P < 0.01), and the risk of hypoglycemia was also significantly increased with use of PCAs for ≤7 days (adjusted OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24, P < 0.01). These results suggest that prescription of PCAs to young children should be avoided, even for a short time period.

Unexpected Death Due to Acute Airway Obstruction in Daycare Centers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Roger W. Byard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
Sudden Collapse ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Sudden collapse due to acute upper aerodigestive tract obstruction in infants and young children is most often caused by ingested food or toy parts.1,2 Although attention has been previously drawn to the different pattern of food asphyxiation in children compared with adults,2 the following two cases taken from the autopsy files of the Adelaide Children's Hospital over a 20-year period demonstrate particular risk factors associated with young children eating in daycare centers. CASE REPORTS Case 1 A 19-month-old healthy boy was eating a sausage happily in a daycare center when last observed by a caretaker who was then absent for several minutes.

Intoxication from Accidental Marijuana Ingestion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-850
Author(s):  
DIANA WEINBERG ◽  
ARTHUR LANDE ◽  
NANCY HILTON ◽  
DAVID L. KERNS
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Ataxic Gait ◽  
White Girl ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Short Time

The increasing availability and use of marijuana in children, adolescents, and adults have been well documented in recent years. Adverse reactions have been described in adults who absorb the drug via inhalation or by oral and intravenous routes.1-5 To our knowledge, no cases of oral intoxication in very young children have been reported in the pediatric literature. We describe the adverse effects experienced by three children after an accidental oral ingestion of marijuana. CASE REPORTS Case 1 J.H., a 3-year-old previously healthy, white girl, was noted by her baby-sitter to be behaving abnormally a short time after lunch. Approximately two hours later, her mother observed the child to have an ataxic gait and a voracious appetite.

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