Impacts of Divorce on the Behavior and Adjustment Problems, Parenting Styles, and Attachment Styles of Children

Introduction: In trying to understand the cycle between family dysfunction, childhood trauma and abuse and criminal behaviour, most studies have focused individually on different aspects of family dysfunction. Aim: To assess the family dysfunction and childhood abuse and trauma in offenders. Methodology: The research design used was cross-sectional research design. Sample size: Thirty adults with criminal back ground were selected from the prison. Purposive sampling was used for selecting the sample. Tools: Tools were used individually to assess family dysfunction, parenting styles, attachment styles and childhood abuse and trauma. The tools were Self-Report Family Inventory, Parental Authority Questionnaire, The Relationship’s Questionnaire and The Childhood Traumatic Events Scale. Results: Eighty percent of offenders have undergone childhood abuse and trauma. The predominant attachment style among male offenders was found to be dismissing avoidant attachment style. The predominant attachment style among female offenders was found to be secure attachment style. Among male and female offenders, the predominant parenting style of their parents was found to be authoritative parenting style. Majority of the offenders have reported their family system as problematic. Implication: The study throws light on family dysfunction in offenders and would be beneficial in a future rehabilitation model which could include therapeutic work to resolve childhood distress and trauma.

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Perceived parenting styles and primary attachment styles of single and children living with both parents

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.626 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mehr-un-Nisa Idrees ◽

Syeda Mehreen Zahra ◽

Fatima Naeem

Keyword(s):

Parenting Styles ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Private School ◽

Child Protection ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Single Parent ◽

Authoritative Parenting ◽

Role Of Parents

Abstract Objective: The study investigates the association between perceived primary parenting styles and attachment styles between single parent children and children living with both parents. Methods: A correlational research study was carried out on a sample of 200 children, 100single parent children (Boys=50; Girls=50) taken from single parent families living in child protection and welfare bureau and 100 children living with both parents (Boys=50; Girls=50) enrolled in different grades taken from a private school of Lahore, through purposive sampling strategy. The study was carried out at Lahore Garrison University from September 2017 to march 2017.After obtaining permission from authorities, children were given Parental Authority Questionnaireand the Urdu version of Inventory of Parental and Peer attachment. Results:The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between permissive parenting styles with mother’scommunication (*p<.05); authoritarian parenting style has negative correlation with parental communication, and trust(***p<.001). Authoritative parenting has significant positive relationship with trust (***p<.001), and communication with parents (***p<.001), negative relationship between authoritative parenting with feeling alienated from parents (*p<.01). The resultsof t-test also revealed that single parent children perceive their parents as authoritarian (***p<.001) and had more alienated attachment with parents (***p<.001), whereas children living with both parents had more trust (***p<.001) and had better communication with their parents (***p<.001). Conclusion: Current research is insightful in understanding the role of parents and different parenting styles in building up strong parent child attachment. Continuous...

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Rejection sensitivity levels with respect to attachment styles, gender, and parenting styles: A study with Turkish students

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2009.37.1.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Atilgan Erozkan

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

University Students ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Rejection Sensitivity ◽

Female Students ◽

Authoritarian Parenting ◽

The Relationship ◽

Analyze Data

The effects of attachment styles of a group of university students on their rejection sensitivity levels in relation to gender, and parenting styles were investigated. Instruments used were the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996), and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994). To analyze data, F statistics, t test, regression analysis, and correlation analysis were employed. Rejection sensitivity levels of female students who had fearful attachment styles and of students who experienced authoritarian parenting styles were found to be significantly higher than those of others. Effect of attachment styles on rejection sensitivity and relationship between rejection sensitivity and attachment styles were both found to be significant.

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Role of parenting styles in internalizing, externalizing, and adjustment problems in children

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2020.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 73-84

Author(s):

Jaime Humberto Moreno Méndez ◽

José Pedro Espada Sánchez ◽

María Inmaculada Gómez Becerra

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Adjustment Problems ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Adjustment Test

Introduction. Different studies have reported the relationship of parenting styles with adjustment problems in children. However, it has not been specified which aspects of parenting styles play a central role in the manifestation of such psychological problems. Objective. To increase the knowledge about the role of which parental educational styles are associated with internalizing, externalizing, and adjustment problems in Colombian children. Method. Through structural equations, the fit of the proposed model was verified. Participants were 422 parents and children aged between 8 and 12 years, enrolled in public schools in Bogota, Colombia. The Parental Educational Styles Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Parent Format and Self-assessment Multifactorial Adjustment test were applied. Results. Family dynamics and parental practices have effects on internalizing, externalizing, and general maladjustment problems. Parental roles and practices show indirect effects on general maladjustment through externalizing problems. Discussion and conclusion. The models tested show that conflicts at home, parental overload, impulsivity, permissive, ambiguous/non-consistent styles, and dysfunctional reaction to disobedience play a role in the manifestation of internalizing, externalizing, and adjustment problems in children.

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The neurobiology of attachment and the influence of psychotherapy: a literature review

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S285-S285

Author(s):

Graziella Romano ◽

Daniela Patrascu ◽

Priyanka Tharian ◽

William Burbridge-James

Keyword(s):

Intergenerational Transmission ◽

Therapeutic Relationship ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Intergenerational Transmission Of Trauma ◽

The Past ◽

Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽

Transmission Of Trauma

AimsTo review the existing scientific literature on the neurobiology of caregiver-infant attachment and the effects of psychotherapy on neurobiological structures. We hypothesised that the therapeutic relationship is a new attachment relationship that can model and re-map neural networks involved in emotional self-regulation.Understanding attachment is relevant to working with women and families in the perinatal period and has an impact on treatment outcomes. Evolutionary perspectives show that the infant's attachment to the caregiver is important for survival, development of self and relational patterns. Mother's attachment predicts the infant caregiving behaviour in perinatal period and psychotherapeutic interventions at this time have a role in modifying the risk of intergenerational transmission of trauma and further pathological attachment styles.MethodWe performed a MEDLINE search focussing on the past 10 years. Keywords used were attachment, neurobiology and psychotherapy. We included original studies and existing reviews looking at all types of formal psychotherapy used and focussing on human research. Exclusion criteria were non psychotherapeutic interventions and attachment based on couples only.ResultThere has been an increasing focus in the literature on studying the neurobiology of attachment in caregivers and infants both in healthy cases and in psychopathology over the past decade. Existing studies concentrate on care givers, there is growing evidence on the effects of attachment styles on the infant's brain, mostly from animal studies. Some authors looked at the effects of parental childhood trauma on later parenting styles and intergenerational transmission of trauma. A few studies highlighted neurobiological changes as a result of psychotherapeutic interventions in various psychiatric disorders.ConclusionThere is growing evidence on the neurobiology of attachment focussing on specific neurotransmitters and brain pathways. The modulating effect of psychotherapy has also been studied, albeit with more focus on recovery from psychiatric illness. The literature on neurobiological changes with psychotherapy remains scarce and heterogeneous and further research may be needed in the neurobiology of therapeutic relationship itself as there is increasing recognition that this may be the agent of change, with evidence in the role of linking cortical structures to subcortical limbic systems.

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Familial Experiences: The Translation in Adults' Future Romantic Relationships

Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse ◽

10.29173/cjfy29763 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 32-40

Author(s):

Maria Encila

Keyword(s):

Romantic Relationships ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Intimate Relationships ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Family Relations ◽

Child Attachment ◽

Social Settings ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

And Gender

This paper explores the different ways in which familial experiences can impact an adult’s future intimate relationships. There are multiple factors such as parent-child attachment styles, parenting styles, personal background (race, ethnicity, religion, culture) and gender that influence their approach and attitude towards intimate relationships. Current research suggests that positive upbringing and familial experiences positively reflect adult children’s future intimate relationships. On the contrary, unpleasant familial experiences can negatively impact one’s social competency, jeopardizing their ability to maintain and establish relationships with others. I will discuss the multidimensional factors traced from the quality of family relations and how that translates to adult children’s intimate relationships. Family serves as children’s initial sense of emotional bond, moulding their competence in various social settings and ability to establish relationships with others.

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Parenting goal pursuit is linked to emotional well-being, relationship quality, and responsiveness

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407517747417 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 879-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bonnie M. Le ◽

Emily A. Impett

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Relationship Quality ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Daily Experience ◽

Development Goals ◽

Parenting Goals

The aim of the current research was to identify the goals underlying parental care and how they are linked to parents’ sense of emotional well-being, relationship quality, and responsiveness to their child’s needs. We examined the link between parenting goals and outcomes through surveying parents cross-sectionally (Studies 1 to 3), in a 10-day daily experience study (Study 4), and by conducting an internal meta-analysis of all four studies ( N total = 1,906). In Studies 1 and 2, parents were found to pursue four unique goals as captured by a new scale called the Parenting Goals Scale (PGS). The PGS measures the four goals of child love and security, child development, parent image, and child acceptance. In Study 3, each of the four goals was found to be meaningfully related to, while also being distinct from, other individual differences in parenting styles, other-focused orientations, self-focused orientations, and attachment styles. In a 10-day daily experience study (Study 4) as well as an internal meta-analysis across all four studies, each goal was found to be uniquely related to parents’ emotional well-being, relationship quality with their child, and feelings of responsiveness to their child’s needs. Daily and chronic pursuit of child love and security goals predicted greater emotional well-being, relationship quality, and responsiveness. In contrast, daily and chronic pursuit of parent image goals predicted poorer emotional well-being, relationship quality, and responsiveness, especially at the chronic level. Child development goals predicted poorer emotional well-being and relationship quality, especially at the chronic level. And finally, child acceptance goals predicted more positive emotions in daily life only. These associations largely held after controlling for parents’ reports of children’s mood and care difficulty. The current findings contribute to a growing body of research focused on understanding the joys and frustrations of parenting.

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