scholarly journals Molecular Cloning of MYMV Genome and Infectivity of Yellow Mosaic Virus in Green Gram Using Different Viral Transmission Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478
Author(s):  
Ashwini Talakayala ◽  
Veerapaneni Bindu Prathyusha ◽  
Dhanasekar Divya ◽  
Srinivas Ankanagari ◽  
Mallikarjuna Garladinne
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Plant Expression Vector ◽  
Bipartite Genome ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) causes massive crop losses in green gram. MYMV is a member of begomovirus with bipartite genome comprising DNA-A and DNA-B components, which is transmitted by whiteflies. Cloning and preparation of infectious clone is very much essential for screening germplasm or transgenic material of pulse crops since viruliferous whiteflies may not be available throughout the year. In the current work, we have amplified rolling circle mediated viral genome of MYMV using Φ29 DNA polymerase. The amplified products was digested and cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA2301.The cloned constructs was then transformed into Agrobacterium LBA4404 through freeze thaw method. Further, three viral transmission techniques including mechanical rubbing, Agroinfiltration and Agroinoculation, were employed for assessing the mosaic symptoms in green gram. The molecular confirmation through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that the yellow mosaic symptoms were formed due to infectivity of MYMV in the green gram.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS OF GREEN GRAM [VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK ] IN BUNDELKHAND ZONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
J.K. BABELE ◽  
R.K.S. TOMAR
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is one of the most vicious diseases of green gram and has been renowned in India for more than five decades. The economic losses due to this virus account up to 85% in green gram which is spreading faster towards newer areas. A field experiment was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra during kharif seasons at the farmers’ fields in villages Sitapur, Datia district of BundelKhand zone to evaluate the five integrated pest management module including conventional farmers’ practices against green gram sucking pest (white fly) and YMV. Among the test modules, Module 3 (Resistant variety TJM 3+ Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL @ 5 ml/kg seeds +2 sprays of Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL @ 0.5 ml/l water) found as the most effective treatments with more than 91.58 percent mean reduction in nymphal population of whiteflies and below 2 percent incidence of YMV followed by Module 2 (Module 1 +2 sprays of Neem oil (5% Azadirachtin) @ 3.0 ml/l), Module 4 (Module 1 + 2 sprays of Triazophos 40 % EC @ 1.5 ml/l), Module 1(Resistant variety TJM 3+ Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL @ 5 ml/kg seeds). All the IPM modules were found significantly superior over the conventional farmers’ practices in reducing the incidence of YMV in black gram. Higher mean yield of 9.35 q/ha in Module 3 followed by Module 2, Module 4, and Module 1 were recorded in the IPM fields against 6.75 q/ha in farmers’ practise fields. Module 3 obtained maximum return with higher benefit cost ratio followed by Module 2, Module 4, and Module 1.

Identification of stable sources of resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
Nagaraj ◽  
S Basavaraj ◽  
A.S. Padmaja ◽  
N Nagaraju ◽  
S Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cent Disease

AbstractYellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is one of the most destructive biotic production constraints in mungbean. Development and introduction of resistant cultivars are considered as the most economical and eco-friendly option to manage YMD, for which availability of stable sources of resistance is a pre-requisite. A set of 14 mungbean genotypes including a susceptible check were evaluated for responses to YMD under natural infection across three seasons and under challenged inoculation in glasshouse for one season. None of the genotypes were immune to YMD and produced different degrees of response to MYMV in terms of yellow mosaic symptoms (YMS). Based on the delayed appearance of initial YMS, and lower estimates of per cent disease index and area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) in response to natural infection and challenged inoculation, five genotypes namely AVMU 1698, AVMU 1699, AVMU 16100, AVMU 16101 and KPS 2 were identified as resistant to YMD. Failure of detection of MYMV through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using MYMV coat protein gene-specific primer and successful detection of the same through rolling circle amplification-PCR suggested latent infection of MYMV in resistant genotypes. The resistance response of the five genotypes could be attributed to enhanced activities of enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and increased concentration of total phenols. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to breed mungbean for resistance to YMD.

Search for Vigna species conferring resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic virus in mungbean

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sudha ◽  
A. Karthikeyan ◽  
V. G. Shobhana ◽  
P. Nagarajan ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Vigna Species ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is a disastrous pathogen of mungbean. It is widespread in most of southern India and no complete resistance has been identified among its commercial cultivars. Two isolates of MYMV, representing its diversity, were used to assess and characterize the susceptibility reaction of all the three species of Vigna. The seeds were agroinoculated with the virus and the presence of the viral DNA was confirmed after 12 d by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis after which the plants were monitored for the expression of symptoms. All of the 20 accessions of Vigna radiata and ten accessions of Vigna mungo were systemically infected with MYMV, and they all produced typical symptoms. On the other hand, the 24 accessions of Vigna umbellata were found to be resistant to both the isolates. For additional affirmation, three representative accessions of V. radiata and V. mungo and all the accessions of V. umbellata were agroinoculated, and quantitative RT-PCR was performed for the quantitative detection of the MYMV. The mRNA transcripts of MYMV were detected in V. radiata and V. mungo plants but not in the V. umbellata plants. Researching the molecular basis of the resistance in V. umbellate against MYMV might definitely be very constructive for developing resistant varieties of mungbean on a commercial scale. This genetic quality offering resistance to MYMV could also be incorporated into V. radiata/V. mungo by means of interspecific crosses.

scholarly journals Screening for Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance in Green Gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
K. R. Reshmi Raj ◽  
B. Baisakh ◽  
S. K. Tripathy ◽  
Devraj Lenka ◽  
B. Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Identification and Confirmation of Resistance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Derivatives to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Madhumitha ◽  
K. Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
M. Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Whitefly Transmission ◽  
Access Period ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Interspecific Derivatives

Background: Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) is found to be one of the prime viral diseases of mungbean in Tamil Nadu state. Screening for MYMV resistance in field condition always remains a hassle for breeding society. The peculiar MYMV symptoms often failed in the field due to some factors such as environmental changes, whitefly genotypes, host factors etc. With the above perspective, the present study aimed to screen the mung bean derivatives against MYMV through a novel in vitro agroinoculation technique and further substantiation through whitefly transmission.Methods: Four interspecific derivatives (VGGRU 1, VGGRU 2, VGGRU 3 and VGGRU 4) generated by making crosses between mungbean VRM (Gg) 1 and rice bean (TNAU RED) along with the susceptible check VRM (Gg) 1 were agroinoculated with the MYMV infectious clone VA 239 (KA30 DNA A + KA27 DNA) and are further substantiated through whitefly transmission studies from the artificially reared whiteflies. Result: The agroinoculation results revealed that among the four interspecific derivatives, VGGRU 1 was found to be completely resistant to MYMV. The substantiation of the obtained result through whitefly transmission also revealed that 24 h Acquisition Access Period (AAP) and 24 h Inoculation Access Period (IAP) with Bemisia tabaci able to cause 65% infectivity in susceptible plant VRM (Gg) 1 and zero infectivity in VGGRU 1 and the results were PCR confirmed for the presence of viral DNA.

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV): a threat to green gram (Vigna radiata) production in Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karthikeyan ◽  
V.G. Shobhana ◽  
M. Sudha ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
N. Senthil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

scholarly journals Breeding for Enhancing Legumovirus Resistance in Mungbean: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Aditya Pratap ◽  
Rakesh Pandey ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Bipartite Begomoviruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Vigna Species ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) affects several types of leguminous crops, including the Vigna species, which comprises a number of commercially important pulse crops. YMD is characterized by the formation of a bright yellow mosaic pattern on the leaves; in severe forms, this pattern can also be seen on stems and pods. This disease leads to tremendous yield losses, even up to 100%, in addition to deterioration in seed quality. Symptoms of this disease are similar among affected plants; YMD is not limited to mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and also affects other collateral and alternate hosts. In the last decade, rapid advancements in molecular detection techniques have been made, leading to an improved understanding of YMD-causing viruses. Three distinct bipartite begomoviruses, namely, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV), Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), and Horsegram Yellow Mosaic Virus (HgYMV), are known to cause YMD in Vigna spp. Vigna crops serve as an excellent protein source for vegetarians worldwide; moreover, they aid in improving soil health by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria. The loss in the yield of these short-duration crops due to YMD, thus, needs to be checked. This review highlights the discoveries that have been made regarding various aspects of YMD affecting mungbean, including the determination of YMD-causing viruses and strategies used to develop high-yielding YMD-resistant mungbean varieties that harness the potential of related Vigna species through the use of different omics approaches.

scholarly journals PCNA Interacts with Indian Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Rep and Downregulates Rep Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 11890-11903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Bagewadi ◽  
Shoajiang Chen ◽  
Sunil K. Lal ◽  
Nirupam Roy Choudhury ◽  
Sunil K. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Rolling Circle Replication ◽  
Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Bipartite Genome

ABSTRACT Proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a conserved plant protein as well as an important replication factor, is induced in response to geminivirus infection in the resting cells of the phloem tissues. The biochemical role of PCNA in rolling circle replication (RCR) of geminivirus DNA has not been explored in detail. The initiation of RCR of the bipartite genome of a geminivirus, Indian mung bean yellow mosaic virus (IMYMV), is mainly controlled by viral protein Rep (or AL1 or AC1). The role of host PCNA in RCR of IMYMV was revealed by studying the physical and functional interactions between recombinant PCNA and recombinant IMYMV Rep. Pea nuclear PCNA as well as recombinant pea PCNA showed binding to recombinant Rep in experiments involving both affinity chromatography and yeast two-hybrid approaches. The contacting amino acid residues of PCNA seemed to be present throughout a wide region of the trimeric protein, while those of Rep appeared to be localized only in the middle part of the protein. The site-specific nicking-closing activity and the ATPase function of IMYMV Rep were impaired by PCNA. These observations lead to interesting speculations about the control of viral RCR and dynamic profiles of protein-protein interactions at the RCR origin of the geminiviruses.

​RCA-based Detection of Begomoviruses in Weed Ggenera Associated with Legumes in Southern Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Pandey ◽  
T.R. Girish ◽  
S. Basavaraj ◽  
A.S. Padmaja ◽  
N. Nagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Disease ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Legume Crops

Background: Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by begomoviruses transmitted through the insect vector Bemisia tabaci poses a serious threat to the production of legume crops. Methods: Season-long surveys were carried out for YMD occurrence in six different legume crops and associated natural weeds both symptomatic and asymptomatic across the districts of southern Karnataka, India. The samples were analyzed through RCA PCR using specific primer pairs. Result: Up to 94.1 per cent YMD incidence was recorded and nine weed species were commonly found associated with legume crops. The weeds viz., Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina benghalensis and Euphorbia geniculata were abundantly found in the surveyed regions. The weeds were both symptomatic and asymptomatic. Rolling circle amplification coupled polymerase chain reaction method was employed to detect yellow mosaic virus in asymptomatic weeds. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of PCR amplified products of weeds and symptomatic legumes revealed a close clustering of the weed samples with horsegram yellow mosaic virus, legume yellow mosaic virus and mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Overall, our data suggests the role of weed species associated with legume crops as alternative/collateral hosts of begomoviruses and their role in the epidemiology of yellow mosaic disease.

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