scholarly journals Comparison of Urinary Calculi Size Between Bone and Soft Tissue Window in Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Silpa Thampi ◽  
Irshad Cheriya Parambil ◽  
Lakshmikanth Halegubbi Karegowda ◽  
Priyanka Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Axial Diameter ◽  
Bone Window ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography is an important technique for imaging the urinary calculi using cross sectional images. The size and site of the calculi are significant aspect that are necessary for treatment. Therefore, present study aims to compare diameters of calculi measured using bone and soft tissue window settings in CT and also determinesmost frequent site for occurrence of calculi in urinary system. This is a retrospective study including total of 126 patients (91 males, 35 females, age range: 20-50 years). The patients who had undergone non contrast enhanced computed tomography of Kidney Ureter and Bladder (NCCT KUB) and diagnosed with urinary calculi were included in study. For each calculus found on CT image, two diameters such as maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter was measured on coronal plane using soft tissue and bone window settings. Site of calculi was also noted.To compare diameters measured using soft tissue and bone window settings Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used.Mean of maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter of the calculi measured by soft tissue and bone window settings in CT was 0.74±0.5, 0.82 ±1.8 and 0.79 ± 0.5 ,0.67 ± 0.49 respectively. It was found that there was significant difference in diameters of calculi measured using soft tissue and bone window setting (p<0.0001). The study concludes that there was mean difference of0.08 cms and 0.12 cms for maximum axial diameter and perpendicular diameter respectively measured using soft tissue and bone window settings in CT. Calculi in kidneys was most common site in our study population.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reproducibility of Facial Measurements of Digital Photographs and Wrapped Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Photographs

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽  
Abeer Abdulkareem Al-mashraqi ◽  
Rayid Hussain Alnami ◽  
Nawaf Mohammad Ashqar ◽  
Omar Hassan Alamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Gonial Angle

The study sought to assess whether the soft tissue facial profile measurements of direct Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized facial photographs are accurate compared to the standardized digital photographs. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with an age range of 18–30 years, who were indicated for CBCT, were enrolled. Two facial photographs were taken per patient: standardized and random (non-standardized). The non-standardized ones were wrapped with the CBCT images. The most used soft tissue facial profile landmarks/parameters (linear and angular) were measured on direct soft tissue three-dimensional (3D) images and on the photographs wrapped over the 3D-CBCT images, and then compared to the standardized photographs. The reliability analysis was performed using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and depicted graphically using Bland–Altman plots. Most of the linear and angular measurements showed high reliability (0.91 to 0.998). Nevertheless, four soft tissue measurements were unreliable; namely, posterior gonial angle (0.085 and 0.11 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), mandibular plane angle (0.006 and 0.0016 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), posterior facial height (0.63 and 0.62 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively) and total soft tissue facial convexity (0.52 for both wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively). The soft tissue facial profile measurements from either the direct 3D-CBCT images or the wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized frontal photographs were accurate, and can be used to analyze most of the soft tissue facial profile measurements.

scholarly journals Soft tissue masses: distribution of entities and rate of malignancy in small lesions

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix G. Gassert ◽  
Florian T. Gassert ◽  
Katja Specht ◽  
Carolin Knebel ◽  
Ulrich Lenze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Malignancy Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soft Tissue Masses

Abstract Background Small soft tissue masses are often falsely assumed to be benign and resected with failure to achieve tumor-free margins. Therefore, this study retrospectively investigated the distribution of histopathologic diagnosis to be encountered in small soft tissue tumors (≤ 5 cm) in a large series of a tertiary referral center. Methods Patients with a soft tissue mass (STM) with a maximum diameter of 5 cm presenting at our institution over a period of 10 years, who had undergone preoperative Magnetic resonance imaging and consequent biopsy or/and surgical resection, were included in this study. A final histopathological diagnosis was available in all cases. The maximum tumor diameter was determined on MR images by one radiologist. Moreover, tumor localization (head/neck, trunk, upper extremity, lower extremity, hand, foot) and depth (superficial / deep to fascia) were assessed. Results In total, histopathologic results and MR images of 1753 patients were reviewed. Eight hundred seventy patients (49.63%) showed a STM ≤ 5 cm and were therefore included in this study (46.79 +/− 18.08 years, 464 women). Mean maximum diameter of the assessed STMs was 2.88 cm. Of 870 analyzed lesions ≤ 5 cm, 170 (19.54%) were classified as superficial and 700 (80.46%) as deep. The malignancy rate of all lesions ≤ 5 cm was at 22.41% (superficial: 23.53% / deep: 22.14%). The malignancy rate dropped to 16.49% (20.79% / 15.32%) when assessing lesions ≤ 3 cm (p = 0.007) and to 15.0% (18.18% / 13.79%) when assessing lesions ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.006). Overall, lipoma was the most common benign lesion of superficial STMs (29.41%) and tenosynovial giant cell tumor was the most common benign lesion of deep STMs (23.29%). Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was the most common malignant diagnosis among both, superficial (5.29%) and deep (3.57%) STMs. Conclusions The rate of malignancy decreased significantly with tumor size in both, superficial and deep STMs. The distribution of entities was different between superficial and deep STMs, yet there was no significant difference found in the malignancy rate.

scholarly journals Incidental Detection of Adrenal Myelolipoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Nabi ◽  
Danish Rafiq ◽  
Fatema N. Authoy ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Sofi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Adrenal Myelolipoma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cect Scan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Introduction. Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare tumor that is benign in nature, usually asymptomatic, unilateral, and nonsecreting. It is composed of variable mixture of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements and develops within the adrenal gland. With the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography, the incidental detection of these tumors is increasing in frequency.Case Presentation. We report a case of adrenal myelolipoma in a 63-year-old Kashmiri male, who presented with pain in the right upper abdomen. Physical examination was unremarkable. Ultrasound abdomen showed the presence of a hyperechoic mass in the right suprarenal region with undefined margins. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of abdomen revealed a well-defined, round lesion in the right suprarenal region with heterogeneous attenuation suggesting the possibility of myelolipoma. The patient was subjected to right adrenalectomy and his postoperative course was uneventful. The histopathological evaluation of the mass confirmed the initial diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma.Conclusion. Although mostly discovered as an “incidentaloma”, the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma warrants thorough diagnostic study. Imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and CT scans as well as biochemical studies are useful for indicating the best treatment taking into account the size of the mass and possible hormone production. Surgical resection is advocated through extraperitoneal approach as it minimizes postoperative complications and leads to quicker recovery.

The Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis in Patients with Primary Gout: A Cross-sectional Study Using Helical Computed Tomography

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1958-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
TORU SHIMIZU ◽  
HIROSHI HORI
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Primary Gout ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Objective.To investigate the prevalence of nephrolithiasis in gouty patients by computed tomography (CT) imaging and to compare it with the “prevalence” of urolithiasis calculated from histories of urinary tract calculus.Methods.The kidneys of 383 male patients with primary gout were examined using an unenhanced 2-row helical CT detector, imaging at 2 mm collimation and a helical pitch of 3. The urolithiasis history of the 383 patients was investigated by inquiry. Patients’ ages, body mass index, and laboratory data from a 1-hour clearance test were determined.Results.CT scans confirmed nephrolithiasis in 103 (26.9%, 95% confidence interval 22.5%–31.6%) of the 383 gouty patients, and history of urinary calculus was positive in 65 (17.0%, 95% confidence interval 13.4%–21.1%) of the 383. However, 64 (62%) of the 103 stone-formers identified by CT had no history of urolithiasis. There was a significant difference between the ages of the 103 stone-formers identified by CT and the 65 stone-formers identified from the history.Conclusion.The prevalence of nephrolithiasis obtained using CT was 26.9% in the 383 patients with primary gout. Our results imply that we cannot determine an accurate prevalence of urolithiasis from a patient’s history. Most of the “prevalence” reported in the past may not correspond to a statistically justifiable one, but instead to the “cumulative incidence” during the contraction period of gout. Thus, the prevalence of nephrolithiasis confirmed by a cross-sectional method and the “prevalence” of urolithiasis calculated from patients’ calculus histories should be clearly distinguished.

scholarly journals Findings of Non-enhanced Abdominal Computed Tomography for Pain Management of Acute Renal Colic Patients in the Emergency Department

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Acute Renal Colic ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Study Objectives: To identify non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) findings related to repeated requirement of painkiller, hospitalization and revisits within 5 days of discharge among acute renal colic patients. Patients and methods: A retrospective observational study was performed for all patients (age > 18 years) with acute renal colic who visited the emergency department (ED) between 2012 and 2015. NECT findings of acute ureterolithiasis (size, location, hydronephroureter, perinephric infiltrations and soft-tissue rim sign) were analysed for their relationships to repeated administration of painkiller, hospitalization and ED revisit. Results: Of total 862 patients enrolled, 305 (35.4%) required repeated administration of pain medication. In the NECT findings, hydronephroureter was more prevalent in the repeated administration of painkiller group (61.3% vs. 53.7%), but did not show independent relationship. Sixty-eight (7.9%) were hospitalized and 44 (5.1%) returned to the ED. The significant findings associated with hospitalization were hydronephroureter (OR [Odd Ratio] 1.92, 95%CI [Confidence Intervals] 1.04–3.54) and mid (5–7 mm) / large-size (> 7mm) ureteral stones (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.49–4.76 and OR 4.78, 95% CI 1.80–12.70). The soft-tissue rim signs (OR 2.16, 95%CI 1.07–4.37) and proximal/mid location of stones (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.26–8.20 and OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.19–5.37) were independently associated with ED revisit. Conclusions: Among the NECT findings of acute ureterolithiasis, hydronephroureter and stones > 5 mm in size were independently associated with the need of hospitalization. The soft-tissue rim sign and proximal/mid location of stones were independently associated with ED revisit within 5 days.

Nodule Size Effect on Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Jia-wei LI ◽  
Cai Chang ◽  
Jia-ying Chen ◽  
Zhao-ting Shi ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group D

Background: To compare the abilities of ultrasonography (US) and Computed Tomography (CT) to identify calcifications and to predict probability of malignancy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) and Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods: We reviewed 1008 cases of PTC/PTMC with calcifications reported by pre-operative US, CT, or post-operative pathology. The size of the thyroid nodule was obtained from the US report and the maximum diameter (d) was documented. According to the nodule size (d), the PTC and PTMC groups were each divided into two subgroups, as follows: large PTC group (d ≥ 2 cm), small PTC group (1 cm < d < 2 cm), large PTMC group (0.6 cm ≤ d ≤ 1 cm), and small PTMC group (d < 0.6 cm). Results: In the 1008 patients, the ratio of females to males was 2.29 and the mean age was 40.9 years (standard deviation: 11.7 years). Of the 1008 records, 92.8% were found to have calcifications according to the US report, while 50.4% showed calcifications according to the CT report. This difference between US and CT reports was statistically significant (p < 0.0005). The percentages of US reports showing calcifications were similar for all four PTC and PTMC subgroups (93.7%, 94.3%, 92.1%, and 85.1%, respectively; p = 0.052), while the percentages of CT reports showing calcifications were significantly different among the PTC and PTMC subgroups (62.3%, 52.2%, 45.4%, and 31.3%, respectively; p < 0.0005). As for the prediction of malignancy, US was superior to CT in all four subgroups (large PTC group: 97.1% vs. 54.1%, small PTC group: 94.8% vs. 42.9%, large PTMC group: 97.2% vs. 32.0%, small PTMC group: 95.5% vs. 14.9%; p < 0.0005 for all pairwise comparisons). No significant difference was observed in terms of the ability of US to predict the malignancy of PTC versus PTMC (p = 0.31), while CT showed significant superiority in diagnosing PTC versus PTMC (p < 0.0005). The predictive value of CT for PTC declined as the nodule size decreased (p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). Conclusion: Our results showed that US detected calcifications and predicted the malignancy of all nodule sizes of thyroid papillary carcinoma equally well, while the performance of CT declined with the reduction of nodule size.

scholarly journals Comparison of ureteric stone size, on bone window versus standard soft-tissue window settings, on multi-detector non-contrast computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Uddin Soomro ◽  
M. Hammad Ather ◽  
Basit Salam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ureteric Stone ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Bone Window

scholarly journals TOMOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CRANIUM AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CRANIAL HALO USE IN ADULTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
TIAGO FERREIRA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
HOMAR TOLEDO CHARAFEDDINE ◽  
FERNANDO FLORES DE ARAÚJO ◽  
ALEXANDRE FOGAÇA CRISTANTE ◽  
RAPHAEL MARTUS MARCON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parietal Bones

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate using tomographic study the thickness of the cranial board at the insertions points of the cranial halo pins in adults Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of Computed Tomography (CT) scans of adult patients' crania. The study included adults between 20 and 50 years without cranial abnormalities. We excluded any exam with cranial abnormalities Results: We analyzed 50 CT scans, including 27 men and 23 women, at the original insertion points and alternative points (1 and 2 cm above the frontal and parietal bones). The average values were 7.4333 mm in the frontal bone and 6.0290 mm in the parietal bone Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the classical and alternative points, making room for alternative fixings and safer introduction of the pins, if necessary. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.

scholarly journals Assessment of Labial Alveolar Bone Thickness in Maxillary Central Incisor using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Shaili Pradhan ◽  
Rejina Shrestha ◽  
Ranjita Shrestha Gorkhali ◽  
Pramod Kumar Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: The maxillary anterior region is becoming a major concern due to its aesthetic relevance. The buccal bone thickness is important for implant placement, orthodontic treatment and restorative treatment. Objective: To assess the thickness of alveolar bone in the maxillary central incisor using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Dental Surgery, Bir Hospital where CBCT of 53 samples from July 2019 till December 2019, the archived CBCT images was assessed retrospectively. The thickness of the labial bone in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the tooth root was measured at a distance of 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The measurement was taken thrice and the mean measurement was considered. Results: The labial alveolar bone thickness in maxillary central incisor was found to be 0.55±0.27 mm at a distance of 2 mm from the CEJ. Only 2 (3.8%) of the samples had an alveolar thickness of >1 mm. No statistically significant difference was found with respect to gender and age. Conclusion: The average thickness of the labial alveolar bone in maxillary central incisor using cone beam computed tomography was found to be thin. 

scholarly journals Coagulopathy-related soft tissue hematoma: a comparison between computed tomography findings and clinical severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 205846012092326
Author(s):  
Manabu Nakayama ◽  
Kenichi Kato ◽  
Kunihiro Yoshioka ◽  
Hirotaka Sato
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background Despite increases in the incidence of coagulopathy-related soft-tissue hematoma (CRSH), the relationship between computed tomography (CT) features and clinical severity remains unclear. Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the correlation between CT findings and clinical outcomes in CRSH. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data of patients diagnosed with CRSH between March 2011 and March 2018. CRSH was morphologically classified according to the presence or absence of the fluid level pattern and was also divided into groups with or without extravasation as per CT findings. These CT findings were compared with the patients’ vital signs and laboratory investigation results. Results A total of 47 patients with CRSH were examined. Fluid level and non-fluid level patterns were observed in 28 (60%) and 19 (40%) patients, respectively. Anticoagulant therapy and extravasation were significantly correlated with the fluid level pattern. However, other clinicolaboratory outcomes, including shock index, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and coagulation factors, showed no significant difference between the two patterns. In the comparison of hematomas with and without extravasation, none of the clinicolaboratory outcomes except for anticoagulant therapy showed significant differences. Conclusion CRSH with a fluid level pattern is significantly associated with extravasation. However, extravasation, which is generally suggestive of active bleeding, does not seem to be related to clinical severity in CRSH.

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