scholarly journals Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Hydroxamic Acids from Terminalia Catappa L. Kernel Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2370-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedy Suhendra ◽  
Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽  
Emmy Yuanita ◽  
Muhammad Nazili
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Optimal Reaction Condition ◽  
One Step ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Fatty hydroxamic acids (FHA) have been successfully synthesized from Terminalia catappa L. (local name: ketapang) kernel oil by a one-step lipase catalyzed reaction. The use of immobilized lipase as a catalyst to synthesize FHA has several advantages such as a simple purification of product and environmentally friendly. In addition, it also allows the reaction to be carried out under mild conditions, which reduces the reaction’s side products. The optimal reaction condition obtains were 40°C temperature reaction for 25 h with the ratio of ketapang seeds oil (g): hydroxilamin (mmol) is 1 : 2.861 mmol and the ratio of lipase enzyme (g): ketapang kernel oil (g) is 0,015: 1. Amount of hydroxamic group in 1 gr of sample is 2.46 mol. Qualitative test of FHAs was carried out by color test and FTIR. Complex colors of the FHA with copper (II) and iron (III) are green and dark red, respectively. For FTIR analysis of FHAs group, various peak appeared such as C=O amide (1685 cm-1), O-H (3434 cm-1), N-H (3261,09 and 1568,64 cm-1) and C-N (939,91 cm-1).

scholarly journals Sintesis Asam-Asam Lemak Hidroksamik dari Minyak Kelapa Menggunakan Lipase sebagai Katalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Dedy Suhendra ◽  
Erin Ryantin Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
One Step ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Metal Ions Extraction

Fatty hydroxamic acids (FHAs) have been successfully synthesized from coconut oil by a one-step lipase catalyzed reaction. FHAs are theacids that are based on fatty acids. Their hydrophobicity can be use for some applications such as surfactant and metal ions extraction fromaqueous media. This paper describes enzymatic synthesis of FHAs from coconut oil by reacting hydroxylamine with the substrate catalyzedby a lipase. The lipase used was Lipozyme, a commercially lipase of Mucor meihe fixed on a polymer anion exchange resin. The use ofimmobilized lipase as the catalyst for the preparation reaction provides an easy isolation of the enzyme from the products and othercomponents in the reaction mixture. In addition, it also allows the reaction to be carried out under mild conditions, which reduces thereaction’s side products. The optimum preparation conditions obtained were as follows; the reaction temperature was 30 oC, the reactiontime was 30 h, the ratio of coconut oil : lipozyme (g : g) was 29.5, and the ratio of hydroxylamine : coconut oil (mmol : mmol) was 6. Thesolvent used was hexane. The purified products were characterized by qualitative test, such as FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC.

Direct Synthesis of 3,5-Dinitropyrazole Catalyzed by Newly Sulfated Nanosolid Superacid TiO2/ SO

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1296-1301
Author(s):  
Li Min Xi ◽  
Xin Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
Acid Base Titration ◽  
Optimal Reaction Condition ◽  
Superacid Catalyst ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Xrd And Tem

The newly sulfated nanosolid superacid TiO2/SO4 prepared by sol-gel method was broadly characterized by acid base titration, XRD and TEM, which identified that the superfine solid TiO2/SO4 showing good dispersibility with average size of 27 nm belongs to kind of crystalline nanoparticles. With the help of the catalyst TiO2/SO4, the optimal reaction condition for direct transformation of pyrazole and nitrosonitric acid into 3, 5-Dinitropyrazole was n (pyrazol)=0.10 mol, m (TiO2/SO4 )＝1.5g, V(n-octannol)＝90mL, and V(nitrosonitric acid)＝50mL. Moreover, the optimal yield of the catalytic reaction reached up to 59.4% when the reaction time is 7 hours. The nanosolid superacid catalyst is still of high activity after regenerating eight times by calcination at 600。C.

scholarly journals Flame-Retardant and Smoke Suppression Properties of Nano MgAl-LDH Coating on Bamboo Prepared by an In Situ Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Yao ◽  
Chungui Du ◽  
Yating Hua ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Rui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Step Method ◽  
In Situ Reaction ◽  
One Step ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Optimal Reaction

In recent years, bamboo has been widely used for building materials and household goods. However, bamboo is flammable, so a flame-retardant treatment for bamboo is urgently needed. In this work, nano MgAl-layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) coated on bamboo, which was called MgAl-LB, was synthesized by an in situ one-step method. To determine the optimal in situ time, the effects of different reaction times on LDH growth on the bamboo surface and the flame retardancy of the MgAl-LBs were investigated. The SEM observations show that LDH growth on the surface of bamboo was basically saturated when the in situ reaction time was 24 h. Abrasion experiments show that MgAl-LDH coating has good abrasion resistance. The fire performance of the MgAl-LBs was evaluated by cone calorimeter tests, which indicated that the THR and TSP of the MgAl-LBs were significantly lower than those of untreated bamboo. Taking into account the energy consumption problem, determining the reaction time of 24 h is the optimal reaction time. Compared with untreated bamboo, the THR and TSP of MgAl-LB prepared at 24 h decreased by 33.3% and 88.9%, respectively.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of GdVO4:Eu 3+ Phosphors by Optimizing its Preparation Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1360-1364
Author(s):  
Ying Lin Yan ◽  
Yun Hua Xu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Zhen Xing Luan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Photo Luminescence ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Hydrothermal Temperature ◽  
Red Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Eu3+ -doped GdVO4 powders have been synthesized via a novel hydrothermal method using commercially available Gd2O3, NH4VO3 and Eu2O3 as the reacting precursors. The influences of several important parameters, such as hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and pH value, of the experiment were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and photo-luminescence spectroscopy (PL). The experimental results showed that the optimal reaction condition was processed at 180°C for 12 h and adjusted pH value to 4. The morphology of products was uniform pseudo-octahedron with a little conglomeration. All the phosphors exhibit the characteristic dominant red emission of Eu3+ ion (5D0 → 7F2) at 618nm.

Design an immobilized lipase enzyme for biodiesel production

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 063101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenthorai Raman Jegannathan ◽  
Leong Jun-Yee ◽  
Eng-Seng Chan ◽  
Pogaku Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Lipase Enzyme

scholarly journals Synthesis of Poly(L-lactide) via Solvothermal Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Fang ◽  
Rongrong Qi ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
Gongwen Juan ◽  
Suangwu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Effect Of Solvents ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Optimal Reaction Condition ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Ubbelohde Viscometer

Poly(L-lactide) was obtained from the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide through a solvothermal process. Tin (II) chloride (SnC12) was used as the catalyst for the polymerization reaction. The focus of this paper was on the effect of solvents, catalyst usage, temperature, time, and antioxidants on the ring-opening reaction in the solvothermal synthesis. Ubbelohde viscometer, FTIR, GPC, and DSC were used to characterize the products. It is found that the optimal reaction condition for the highest molecular weight of PLA is at160∘Cfor 10 hour with 0.4% SnCl2in 10 mL toluene as solvent, and the high crystallinity can be obtained. The addition of antioxidant prior to the polymerization is conducive to obtaining high molecular weight and augmentTm,TcandXcvalues of PLA.

Process Research of 1-(3,4-Dichloropheny)-3-Methyl-Pyrazolone-5-one Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Qun Yu ◽  
You Bin Mo ◽  
Yan Fang Liao ◽  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Zhi Peng He
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride ◽  
New Process ◽  
Optimal Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Chromatographic Purity

The new process of 1-(3,4-dichloropheny)-3-methyl-pyrazolone-5-one (34DCPMP) synthesis had been discovered, which using 3,4-dichloro phenylhydrazine hydrochloride(DCPH) and ethyl acetoacetate as the raw material , The product was obtained by the route during cyclization in aqueous medium. The structure of products was confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and IR. The effects of factors on the yield of products were investigated. It was found that the yield of 34DCPMP can reach 98.7% under the optimal reaction condition of n(34DCPH):n(ethyl acetoacetate) with 1:1.1, n(34DCPH):n(Na2SO3) with 1.3:1 at 80°C, and pH 7.5 for 3h. The chromatographic purity can be higher than 98.2%.

Application of Immobilized Lipase Enzyme for the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinidhi Desikan ◽  
Rekha Kannan ◽  
Krishnan Narayanan ◽  
D.J. Mukesh Kumar ◽  
P.T. Kalaichelv
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Lipase Enzyme

Two-Step Preparation of Bio-Diesel from the Used Bleaching Clay

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1774-1777
Author(s):  
Su Xi Wu ◽  
Shuai Hang Yan ◽  
Hui Cai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Optimal Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimal Reaction

with the shortage of the raw material oil for producing bio-diesel in China, the oil, recovered from the used bleaching clay which often be discarded by vegetable oil factory, was used to prepare bio-diesel in this trial. Two-step catalyzed process was adopted to produce biodiesel from the oil. The effect of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, alkaline catalyst quantity, reaction temperature and reaction time on the preesterification and transesterification reaction was investigated through orthogonal experiments. Thus the optimal reaction condition came out. Firstly, the optimal pre-esterification condition, under which the end acid value of the product was minimum (i.e. 1.88 mgKOH/g),was to react for 40 h at 60°C,with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and by adding alkali catalyst 4% based on the oil weight. Secondly，the optimal transesterification condition, under which the maximum yield of bio-diesel can reach up to 98.2%, was to react for 2.5 h at 60°C,with the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 7:1, and by adding catalyst 1.25% based on the oil weight.

“Statistical Optimization of Bio Diesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Pva -Alginate Immobilized Lipase Enzyme as Bio Catalyst”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeranna S. Hombalimath ◽  
Shameen Sultana M. Sultana ◽  
Sharanappa A. A. A ◽  
Anil R. Shet R. Shet ◽  
Laxmikant. R. patil R. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Statistical Optimization ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Diesel Production
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