scholarly journals Effect of Sucrose Levels in Artificial Diet on Larval Growth of Cryptomeria Bark Borer, Semanotus japonicus (Lacordaire) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Semanotus Japonicus

Rearing of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on artificial diet and its use in resistance screening

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Balaji M. Panchal ◽  
Manvendra S. Kachole
Keyword(s):  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Acacia Leucophloea

Chilo partellus is considered to be among the most damaging pests of sorghum crop throughout the world. Insects are reared in the laboratory on artificial diets for various purposes, namely for biological control, host and non‐host plant resistance and development of new artificial diets. The growth and development of Sorghum bicolor, C. partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on six host plants and non host plants (five plant gum extracts and six tuber extracts PIs) was compared in the laboratory. Insect larval growth was significantly faster on 30% casein with 70% Zea mays in artificial diet. There was a significant variation in  larval mortality, malformed pupae andpupal weights. 80% larval mortality was observed in Acacia leucophloea PIs containing diet, and 70 and 60% larval mortality in Ipomoea batatas and Mangifera indica PI‐containing diet fed, respectively.

​Early Weaning of Asian Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kumar ◽  
P.K. Pradhan ◽  
V. Mohindra ◽  
V.K. Tiwari ◽  
N.K. Chadha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Artemia Nauplii

Background: Heteropneustes fossilis commonly known as stinging catfish is a popular indigenous fish of the Indian sub-continent. The species has a high consumer demand because of its tender flesh, low fat and high iron content, and is recommended for anaemic patients. Although the species has high consumer preference and potential for commercial aquaculture but, high mortality of larvae and difficulties in accepting compound diet during larviculture are some of the major bottlenecks. Keeping this in mind, the present study was designed to determine the earliest age at which stinging catfish can be weaned to an artificial diet. The information generated from the present study would be very helpful in improving survival during larval rearing. Methods: The larvae were randomly distributed @ 60 larvae/ tank in 21 circular FRP tanks containing 30 L water each and the feeding experiment started at 2 dph. Seven different feeding strategies depending on the type of food (zooplankton, Artemia nauplii, or microdiet) and the age at which those food items were provided to larvae, were evaluated. Result: The results indicated that larvae survival in the groups weaned after 5 days post hatch (dph) was similar to that of those fed solely with Artemia nauplii and zooplankton, although growth of larvae in the weaned groups was less. As larval growth can be compensated at later stages of the rearing process, therefore, larval survival is considered as one of the most important parameters for evaluating the weaning success. Based on the present findings, it is suggested to rear stinging catfish larvae with zooplankton without dependence upon costly Artemia nauplii, and larvae may be weaned to artificial diet after 5 dph. The findings would be very helpful for improving larval rearing of this indigenous catfish species in Indian rural areas.

Introgression of a disrupted cadherin gene enables susceptibleHelicoverpa armigerato obtain resistance toBacillus thuringiensistoxin Cry1Ac

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Yang ◽  
Y.-J. Yang ◽  
W.-Y. Gao ◽  
J.-J. Guo ◽  
Y.-H. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Recessive Resistance ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Net Replacement

AbstractA disrupted allele (r1) of a cadherin gene (Ha_BtR) is genetically associated with incompletely recessive resistance toBacillus thuringiensistoxin Cry1Ac in a Cry1Ac-selected strain (GYBT) ofHelicoverpa armigera. Ther1allele ofHa_BtRwas introgressed into a susceptible SCD strain by crossing the GYBT strain to the SCD strain, followed by repeated backcrossing to the SCD strain and molecular marker assisted family selection. The introgressed strain (designated as SCD-r1, carrying homozygousr1allele) obtained 438-fold resistance to Cry1Ac, >41-fold resistance to Cry1Aa and 31-fold resistance Cry1Ab compared with the SCD strain; however, there was no significant difference in susceptibility to Cry2Aa between the integrated and parent strains. It confirms that the loss of function mutation ofHa_BtRalone can confer medium to high levels of resistance to the three Cry1A toxins inH. armigera. Reciprocal crosses between the SCD and SCD-r1 strains showed that resistance to Cry1Ac in the SCD-r1 strain was completely recessive. Life tables of the SCD and SCD-r1 strains on artificial diet in the laboratory were constructed, and results showed that the net replacement rate (R0) did not differ between the strains. The toxicity of two chemical insecticides, fenvalerate and monocrotophos, against the SCD-r1 strain was not significantly different from that to the SCD strain. However, larval development time of the SCD-r1 strain was significantly longer than that of the SCD strain, indicating a fitness cost of slower larval growth is associated withHa_BtRdisruption inH. armigera.

scholarly journals A Generalist Feeding on Brassicaceae: It Does Not Get Any Better with Selection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Jacinta M. Zalucki ◽  
David G. Heckel ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Suyog Kuwar ◽  
Daniel G. Vassão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Generalist Insect ◽  
Rate Development

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) are ostensibly defended in part against generalist insect herbivores by toxic isothiocyanates formed when protoxic glucosinolates are hydrolysed. Based on an analysis of published host records, feeding on Brassicas is widespread by both specialist and generalists in the Lepidoptera. The polyphagous noctuid moth Helicoverpa armigera is recorded as a pest on some Brassicas and we attempted to improve performance by artificial selection to, in part, determine if this contributes to pest status. Assays on cabbage and kale versus an artificial diet showed no difference in larval growth rate, development times and pupal weights between the parental and the selected strain after 2, 21 and 29 rounds of selection, nor in behaviour assays after 50 generations. There were large differences between the two Brassicas: performance was better on kale than cabbage, although both were comparable to records for other crop hosts, on which the species is a major pest. We discuss what determines “pest” status.

scholarly journals Characterization of Corn Root Factors to Improve Artificial Diet for Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man P Huynh ◽  
Elisa J Bernklau ◽  
Thomas A Coudron ◽  
Kent S Shelby ◽  
Louis B Bjostad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Root ◽  
Corn Roots

Abstract The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is an important economic pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in North America and Europe. Previous efforts to formulate an artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae highlighted an important role of corn root powder, which had a significant positive impact on several larval developmental traits. Unfortunately, this ingredient is not available for purchase. Toward the goal of developing an artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae with all ingredients readily accessible, we conducted research to isolate essential growth factors for larval development from corn root powder to improve the performance of diet without corn root powder. For all experiments, multiple life history parameters (survival, weight, and molting) were recorded from 15-d diet bioassays. Corn roots may contain factors that assist in larval growth, but some of these factors were not fully extracted by methanol and remained in the extracted root. Methanolic extracts significantly increased molting to second instar, but did not significantly increase survival, dry weight, or molting to third instar, suggesting the primary corn root substituents affecting these factors cannot be extracted or other extraction methods may be required to extract the essential factors from corn roots. We showed that whole corn root powder was best when used in combination with all the other nutrient sources in the published western corn rootworm formulation. Corn root powder made from proprietary seed and Viking seed has similar value.

Larval Behavior and Protective Implications for Sea Scallops and Surf Clams within the Middle Atlantic Bight: Part Two, Variability of Physical Environment and Larval Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Larval Behavior ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Sea Scallops

Larval growth and settlement rates are important larval behaviors for larval protections. The variability of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions for 2006-2012 and in the future with potential climate changes was studied using the coupling ROMS-IMBs, and new temperature and current indexes. Forty-four experimental cases were conducted for larval growth patterns and release mechanisms, showing the spatial, seasonal, annual, and climatic variations of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions, demonstrating that the slight different larval temperature-adaption and larval release strategies made difference in larval growth-settlement rates, and displaying that larval growth and settlement rates highly depended upon physical conditions and were vulnerable to climate changes.

Spatial ecology and growth in early life stages of bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Chesapeake Bay (USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
TD Auth ◽  
T Arula ◽  
ED Houde ◽  
RJ Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
Bay Anchovy

The bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli is the most abundant fish in Chesapeake Bay (USA) and is a vital link between plankton and piscivores within the trophic structure of this large estuarine ecosystem. Baywide distributions and abundances of bay anchovy eggs and larvae, and larval growth, were analyzed in a 5 yr program to evaluate temporal and spatial variability based on research surveys in the 1995-1999 spawning seasons. Effects of environmental variability and abundance of zooplankton that serve as prey for larval bay anchovy were analyzed. In the years of these surveys, 97.6% of eggs and 98.8% of larvae occurred in the polyhaline lower bay. Median egg and larval abundances differed more than 10-fold for surveys conducted in the 5 yr and were highest in the lower bay. Within years, median larval abundance (ind. m-2) in the lower bay was generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than upper-bay abundance. Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen explained 12% of the spatial and temporal variability in egg abundances and accounted for 27% of the variability in larval abundances. The mean, baywide growth rate for larvae over the 5 yr period was 0.75 ± 0.01 mm d-1, and was best explained by zooplankton concentration and feeding incidence. Among years, mean growth rates ranged from 0.68 (in 1999) to 0.81 (in 1998) mm d-1 and were fastest in the upper bay. We identified environmental factors, especially salinity, that contributed to broadscale variability in egg and larval production.

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