scholarly journals Pilot-Scale Investigation of Phosphorus Removal from Swine Manure by the MAnure PHosphorus EXtraction (MAPHEX) System

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Church ◽  
Sarah K. Fishel ◽  
Michael R. Reiner ◽  
Peter J.A. Kleinman ◽  
Alexander N. Hristov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
List Type ◽  
Capital Equipment ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction

Highlights Swine manure contains nutrients and organic material that is beneficial to crops. Farmers are under increasing pressure and regulation to not apply high phosphorus manure to soils. The MAPHEX System removed greater than 96% of the phosphorus in swine manures. Both capital equipment and treatment costs were lower for swine manure than dairy manure. Abstract . Swine manure is typically in slurry form and contains nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic material that is beneficial to crops. Unfortunately, for economic and logistical reasons, manure tends to be applied to soils near where it is produced and P concentrations increase to the point that they are often in excess of crop demands. With the implication that runoff of excess P contributes to eutrophication of streams and other water bodies, farmers are experiencing increasing pressures and regulation to not apply manure to those soils. We previously reported on an invention capable of removing P from dairy manures. This pilot-scale study shows that the MAPHEX System can remove greater than 96% of the phosphorus in swine manures, and strongly suggests that, once scaled up, the essentially P free effluent could be beneficially used for fertigation without further loading the receiving soils with P. This scaling up has the potential to reduce storage volumes to allow for mitigation of overflow problems during large storms. Furthermore, this study suggests that capital equipment costs and treatment costs for swine manure would be lower than for treating dairy manure. Keywords: Chemical treatment, Manure, Phosphorus, Solid separation, Swine, Treatment systems.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Runoff from Soils Receiving Liquid Dairy and Swine Manures Amended with Mine Drainage Residual

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Church ◽  
Robert S. Hedin ◽  
Ray B. Bryant ◽  
Amy G. Wolfe ◽  
John T. Spargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Manure Slurry

HighlightsConcern over nutrient runoff from agriculture has prompted research to limit phosphorus (P) mobility.Mine drainage residuals (MDRs) can reduce phosphorus solubility in soils, sediments and liquid manure slurries.MDR amendment resulted in lower dissolved phosphorus in runoff from sites treated with dairy manure slurry, but not with swine manure slurry.This study underscores the value of testing under field conditions before making recommendations.Abstract. Concern over nutrient runoff from agriculture has prompted considerable research on amendments to limit phosphorus (P) solubility of manure slurries and P mobility following land application of the slurry. The concept of solving one industry’s problem with another industry’s problem is attractive, but successful examples are uncommon. Mine drainage residual (MDR), generated from the process of neutralizing acid discharge from coal mines, has been shown to reduce soluble P in soils, sediments and manure slurries. We therefore sought to test whether amending manure slurries with MDR was effective at reducing P in runoff once that slurry was applied to agricultural soils. A series of simulated rainfall experiments revealed that amending dairy manure slurry with MDR resulted in significantly less flow weighted dissolved P concentrations and loads in runoff. However, the same effect was not observed with runoff from soils amended with swine manure slurry, despite a greater reduction of water extractable P in swine manure slurry with MDR addition than in dairy manure slurry. This study underscores the value of testing amendments under field conditions before making manure management recommendations. Keywords: Manure, Phosphorus, Mine drainage residual, Engineered treatment, Simulated rainfall.

scholarly journals Versatility of the MAnure PHosphorus EXtraction (MAPHEX) System in Removing Phosphorus, Odor, Microbes, and Alkalinity from Dairy Manures: A Four-Farm Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Church ◽  
Alexander N. Hristov ◽  
Peter J.A. Kleinman ◽  
Sarah K. Fishel ◽  
Michael R. Reiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Animal manure contains nutrients [primarily nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] and organic material that are beneficial to crops. Unfortunately, for economic and logistics reasons, most manure tends to be applied to soils near where it is generated. Over time P concentrations in soils where dairy manure is applied builds up, often in excess of crop demands, and its potential loss in runoff poses a risk to water quality. We previously described, and have subsequently built, a full-scale version of a MAnure PHosphorus EXtraction (MAPHEX) System capable of removing greater than 90% of the P from manures. While originally designed to remove phosphorus, we postulated that the MAPHEX System was also capable of removing odor and microbes, and of concentrating alkalinity into a solid, economically transported form. In this study the MAPHEX System was shown to be highly versatile at removing greater than 90% of the phosphorus from a wide range of dairy manures. In addition, the study showed that the System is also capable of concentrating and recovering alkalinity from manures, while also removing over 80% of microbes and reducing the odor of the effluent applied to fields by half. Keywords: Alkalinity, Chemical treatment, Manure, Microbes, Odor, Phosphorus, Treatment systems, Solid separation.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Acute Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Emissions from Swine Manure during Three-Hour Agitation Using Pelletized Biochar

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Samuel C. O’Brien ◽  
Peiyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Farm Scale

The risk of inhalation exposure to elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) during the agitation of stored swine manure is high. Once or twice a year, farmers agitate manure before pump-out and application to fields. Agitation of the swine manure causes the short-term releases of highly toxic levels of H2S and NH3. In our previous pilot-scale studies, the biochar powder showed significant mitigation of H2S and NH3 emissions when it was surficially applied to manure immediately before agitation. However, fine biochar powder application poses hazards by itself and may not be practical to apply on a farm scale, especially when livestock and workers are present. We hypothesized that applying pelletized biochar to manure surfaces is just as effective as applying powder to protect farmers and animals from excessive exposure to H2S and NH3. This work reports on the lab-scale proof-of-the-concept trials with biochar pellets on the lab scale. The objective was to compare the biochar pellets and biochar powder on their effectiveness of mitigation on H2S and NH3 gases during 3-h-long swine manure agitation. Three scenarios were compared in (n = 3) trials: (i) control, (ii) 12.5 mm thick surficial application to manure surface of biochar powder, and (iii) an equivalent (by mass) dose of pelletized biochar applied to the manure surface. The biochar powder was bound with 35% (wt) water into ~5 × 10 mm (dia × length) pellets. The biochar powder was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than the biochar pellets. Still, pellets reduced total H2S and NH3 emissions by ~72% and ~68%, respectively (p = 0.001), compared with ~99% by powder (p = 0.001). The maximum H2S and NH3 concentrations were reduced from 48.1 ± 4.8 ppm and 1810 ± 850 ppm to 20.8 ± 2.95 ppm and 775 ± 182 ppm by pellets, and to 22.1 ± 16.9 ppm and 40.3 ± 57 ppm by powder, respectively. These reductions are equivalent to reducing the maximum concentrations of H2S and NH3 during the 3-h manure agitation by 57% and 57% (pellets) and 54% and 98% (powder), respectively. Treated manure properties hinted at improved nitrogen retention, yet they were not significant due to high variability. We recommend scaling up and trials on the farm-scale level using biochar pellets to assess the feasibility of application to large manure surfaces and techno-economic evaluation.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Acute Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Emissions from Swine Manure During 3-hour Agitation Using Pelletized Biochar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Samuel O'Brien ◽  
Peiyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Farm Scale

The risk of inhalation exposure to elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) during the agitation of stored swine manure is high. Once or twice a year, farmers agitate manure before pump-out and application to fields. Agitation of the swine manure causes the short-term releases of highly toxic levels of H2S and NH3. In our previous pilot-scale studies, the biochar powder had shown significant mitigation of H2S and NH3 emissions when surficially applied to manure immediately before agitation. However, fine biochar powder application poses hazards by itself and may not be practical to apply on a farm scale, especially when livestock and workers are present. We hypothesized that applying pelletized biochar to manure surface is just as effective as applying powder to protect farmers and animals from excessive exposure to H2S and NH3. This work reports on the lab-scale proof-of-the-concept trials with biochar pellets on the lab-scale. The objective was to compare the biochar pellets and biochar powder on their effectiveness of mitigation on H2S and NH3 gases during 3-hour long swine manure agitation. Three scenarios were compared in (n=3) trials (i) control, (ii) 12.5 mm thick surficial application to manure surface of biochar powder, and (iii) an equivalent (by mass) dose of pelletized biochar applied to manure surface. The biochar powder was bound with 35% (wt) water into ~5 &times; 10 mm (dia &times; length) pellets. Biochar powder was significantly (p&lt;0.05) more effective than the biochar pellets. Still, pellets reduced total H2S and NH3 emissions by ~72% and ~68%, respectively (p=0.001), compared with ~99% by powder (p=0.001). The maximum H2S &amp; NH3 concentrations were reduced from 48.1&plusmn;4.8 ppm &amp; 1,810&plusmn;850 ppm to 20.8&plusmn;2.95 ppm &amp; 775&plusmn;182 ppm by pellets, and to 22.1&plusmn;16.9 ppm &amp; 40.3&plusmn;57 ppm by powder, respectively. These reductions are equivalent to reducing the maximum concentrations of H2S and NH3 during the 3-h manure agitation by 57% and 57% (pellets) and 54% and 98% (powder), respectively. Treated manure properties hinted at improved nitrogen retention, yet not significant due to high variability. We recommend scaling-up and trials on the farm-scales using biochar pellets to assess the feasibility of application to large manure surfaces and techno-economic evaluation.

Characterization of Nutrients and Pilot Biofertilizer Production from Food Waste and Dairy Manure Digestates

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Barzee ◽  
Abdolhossein Edalati ◽  
Joshua L. Rapport ◽  
Hamed M. El-Mashad ◽  
Ruihong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Value Added Products

HighlightsN, P, Ca, and Mg were mainly localized to fine digestate solids (0.45 µm to 1 mm).50% to 60% of NH4+-N was found in digestate solids between 0.45 and 75 µm.K and Na were mainly transferred to the ultrafiltration permeate (&lt;0.45 µm).Mixing of coarse and fine solids can optimize nutrient and salt ratios in products.Abstract. Food waste and dairy manure digestates from commercial digesters were characterized in the lab for particle and nutrient distributions before pilot-scale processing (vibratory screen, ultrafiltration, sun drying) to produce solid and liquid biofertilizer products. Experimental results showed that the elemental compositions of the two digestates were different but shared similarities. The coarse solids of both digestates had lower concentrations of nutrients than the liquid fractions, which contained most of the K and Na. The dairy manure digestate had a higher amount of fine solids between 0.4  and 75 µm than the food waste digestate, but the majority of TKN was contained in the fine solids of both digestates. An optimization analysis concluded that optimal combinations of digestate fractions included over 70% coarse solids to obtain desired nutrient and salt ratios. The solid and liquid fertilizer products derived from the pilot-scale processing were similar to those expected from the lab-scale investigation. Keywords: Biofertilizer formulation, Digestate, Nutrient distribution, Pilot-scale processing, Ultrafiltration, Value-added products.

Heterotrophic Kinetic Parameter Estimation for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes Operated in Conventional and Membrane-Assisted Modes

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Eric R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Abstract Parameter estimation and wastewater characterization are crucial for modelling of the membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process. Prior to determining the values of a subset of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters used in ASM No. 2 (ASM2), the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fractions of influent wastewater at the University of British Columbia (UBC) pilot plant were characterized. It was found that the UBC wastewater contained fractions of volatile acids (SA), readily fermentable biodegradable COD (SF) and slowly biodegradable COD (XS) that fell within the ASM2 default value ranges. The contents of soluble inert COD (SI) and particulate inert COD (XI) were somewhat higher than ASM2 default values. Mixed liquor samples from pilot-scale MEBPR and conventional enhanced biological phosphorus removal (CEBPR) processes operated under parallel conditions, were then analyzed experimentally to assess the impact of operation in a membrane-assisted mode on the growth yield (YH), decay coefficient (bH) and maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophic biomass (µH). The resulting values for YH, bH and µH were slightly lower for the MEBPR train than for the CEBPR train, but the differences were not statistically significant. It is suggested that MEBPR simulation using ASM2 could be accomplished satisfactorily using parameter values determined for a conventional biological phosphorus removal process, if MEBPR parameter values are not available.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale study of vertical flow constructed wetland combined with trickling filter and ferric chloride coagulation: influence of irregular operational conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kim ◽  
M. Gautier ◽  
G. Olvera Palma ◽  
P. Molle ◽  
P. Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Saturation Level ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland

The aim of this study was to characterize the efficiency of an intensified process of vertical flow constructed wetland having the following particularities: (i) biological pretreatment by trickling filter, (ii) FeCl3 injection for dissolved phosphorus removal and (iii) succession of different levels of redox conditions along the process line. A pilot-scale set-up designed to simulate a real-scale plant was constructed and operated using real wastewater. The influences of FeCl3 injection and water saturation level within the vertical flow constructed wetland stage on treatment performances were studied. Three different water saturation levels were compared by monitoring: suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, iron, and manganese. The results confirmed the good overall efficiency of the process and the contribution of the trickling filter pretreatment to COD removal and nitrification. The effects of water saturation level and FeCl3 injection on phosphorus removal were evaluated by analysis of the correlations between the variables. Under unsaturated conditions, good nitrification and no denitrification were observed. Under partly saturated conditions, both nitrification and denitrification were obtained, along with a good retention of SSs. Finally, under saturated conditions, the performance was decreased for almost all parameters.

scholarly journals Enhanced decolorization of azo dye in a small pilot-scale anaerobic baffled reactor coupled with biocatalyzed electrolysis system (ABR–BES): A design suitable for scaling-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cui ◽  
Yu-Qi Guo ◽  
Hyung-Sool Lee ◽  
Wei-Min Wu ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Electrolysis System ◽  
Biocatalyzed Electrolysis
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