<i>Field-scale testing of mobile laboratory for mitigation of gaseous emissions from the swine farm with UV-A photocatalysis</i>

UV-A (ca. 365 nm wavelength, a.k.a. 'black light') photocatalysis has been investigated to comprehensively mitigate odor and selected air pollutants in the livestock environment. This study was conducted to confirm the performance of UV-A photocatalysis on the swine farm. The objectives of this research were to (1) scale-up of the UV-A photocatalysis treatment, (2) evaluate the mitigation of odorous gases from swine slurry pit, and (3) test different UV sources, (4) evaluate the effect of suspended particulate matter (PM), and (5) conduct preliminary economic analyses. We tested UV-A photocatalysis at a mobile laboratory-scale capable of treating ~0.2 - 0.8 m3·s-1 of barn exhaust air. The targeted gaseous emissions of barn exhaust air were significantly mitigated (p < 0.05) up to 40% reduction of measured odor; 63%, 44%, 32%, 40%, 66%, and 49% reduction of dimethyl disulfide, isobutyric acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, indole, and skatole, respectively; 40% reduction of H2S; 100% reduction of O3; and 13% reduction of N2O. The PM mitigation effect was not significant. Formaldehyde levels did not change, and a 21% generation of CO2 was observed. The percent reduction of targeted gases decreased as the airborne PM increased. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis confirmed that UV-A treatment changed the overall nuisance odor character of swine barn emissions into weaker manure odor with 'toothpaste and 'mint' notes. The smell of benzoic acid generated in UV-A treatment was likely one of the compounds responsible for the less-offensive overall odor character of the UV-treated emissions. Results are needed to inform the design of a farm-scale trial, where the interior barn walls can be treated with the photocatalyst, and foul air will be passively treated as it moves through the barn.

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The biochar dilemma

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr13359 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

A. Mukherjee ◽

R. Lal

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Soil Amendment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Application Rate ◽

Field Application ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Field Scale ◽

Short Period

Any strategy towards widespread adoption of biochar as a soil amendment is constrained by the scarcity of field-scale data on crop response, soil quality and environmental footprint. Impacts of biochar as a soil amendment over a short period based on laboratory and greenhouse studies are often inconclusive and contradictory. Yet biochar is widely advocated as a promising tool to improve soil quality, enhance C sequestration, and increase agronomic yield. While substantial reviews exist on positive aspects of biochar research, almost no review to date has compiled negative aspects of it. Although biochar science is advancing, available data indicate several areas of uncertainty. This article reviews a range of negative impacts of biochar on soil quality, crop yield, and associated financial risk. This review is important because advances in biochar research demand identification of the risks (if any) of using biochar as a soil amendment before any large-scale field application is recommended. It is the first attempt to acknowledge such issues with biochar application in soil. Thus, the aims of this review are to assess the uncertainties of using biochar as a soil amendment, and to clarify ambiguity regarding interpretation of research results. Along with several unfavourable changes in soil chemical, physical and biological properties, reduction in crop yield has been reported. Relative to controls, the yield for biochar-amended soil (application rate 0.2–20% w/w) has been reduced by 27, 11, 36, 74, and 2% for rice (Oryza sativa L.) (control 3.0 Mg ha–1), wheat (Triticum spp. L.) (control 4.6 Mg ha–1), maize (Zea mays L.) (control 4.7 Mg ha–1), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) (control 5.4 Mg ha–1), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (control 265 Mg ha–1), respectively. Additionally, compared with unamended soils, gaseous emissions from biochar-amended soils (application rate 0.005–10% w/w) have been enhanced up to 61, 152 and 14% for CO2 (control 9.7 Mg ha–1 year–1), CH4 (control 222 kg ha–1 year–1), and N2O (control 4.3 kg ha–1 year–1), respectively. Although biochar has the potential to mitigate several environmental problems, the data collated herein indicate that a systematic road-map for manufacturing classification of biochars, and cost–benefit analysis, must be developed before implementation of field-scale application.

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Design and Testing of Mobile Laboratory for Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Livestock Agriculture with Photocatalysis

10.20944/preprints202012.0608.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Myeongseong Lee ◽

Jacek A. Koziel ◽

Wyatt Murphy ◽

William Jenks ◽

Blake Fonken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Metrics ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Production Systems ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Mobile Laboratory ◽

Percent Reduction ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

And Performance ◽

On Farm

Livestock production systems generate nuisance odor and gaseous emissions affecting local communities and regional air quality. Also, there are concerns about the occupational health and safety of farm workers. Proven mitigation technologies that are consistent with the socio-economic challenges of animal farming are needed. We have been scaling up the photocatalytic treatment of emissions from lab-scale, aiming at farm-scale readiness. In this paper, we present the design, testing, and commissioning of a mobile laboratory for on-farm research and demonstration of performance in real farm conditions. The mobile lab is capable of treating up to 1.2 m3·s-1 of air with TiO2-based photocatalysis and adjustable UV-A dose based on LED lamps. We summarize the main technical requirements, constraints, approach, and performance metrics for the mobile laboratory, such as the effectiveness (measured as the percent reduction) and cost of photocatalytic treatment of air. The commissioning of all systems with standard gases resulted in ~9% and 34% reduction of NH3 and butan-1-ol, respectively. We demonstrated that as the percent reduction of standard gases increased with increased light intensity and treatment time. These results show that the mobile laboratory was ready for on-farm deployment and evaluating the effectiveness of UV treatment.

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Design and Testing of Mobile Laboratory for Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Livestock Agriculture with Photocatalysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1523

Author(s):

Myeongseong Lee ◽

Jacek A. Koziel ◽

Wyatt Murphy ◽

William S. Jenks ◽

Blake Fonken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Metrics ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Production Systems ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Mobile Laboratory ◽

Percent Reduction ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

And Performance ◽

On Farm

Livestock production systems generate nuisance odor and gaseous emissions affecting local communities and regional air quality. There are also concerns about the occupational health and safety of farmworkers. Proven mitigation technologies that are consistent with the socio-economic challenges of animal farming are needed. We have been scaling up the photocatalytic treatment of emissions from lab-scale, aiming at farm-scale readiness. In this paper, we present the design, testing, and commissioning of a mobile laboratory for on-farm research and demonstration of performance in simulated farm conditions before testing to the farm. The mobile lab is capable of treating up to 1.2 m3/s of air with titanium dioxide, TiO2-based photocatalysis, and adjustable UV-A dose based on LED lamps. We summarize the main technical requirements, constraints, approach, and performance metrics for a mobile laboratory, such as the effectiveness (measured as the percent reduction) and cost of photocatalytic treatment of air. The commissioning of all systems with standard gases resulted in ~9% and 34% reduction of ammonia (NH3) and butan-1-ol, respectively. We demonstrated the percent reduction of standard gases increased with increased light intensity and treatment time. These results show that the mobile laboratory was ready for on-farm deployment and evaluating the effectiveness of UV treatment.

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Mitigation of Odor and Gaseous Emissions from Swine Barn with UV-A and UV-C Photocatalysis

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 585

Author(s):

Myeongseong Lee ◽

Jacek A. Koziel ◽

Wyatt Murphy ◽

William S. Jenks ◽

Baitong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Scale Up ◽

Dimethyl Disulfide ◽

Isobutyric Acid ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Swine Farm ◽

Odor Character ◽

Farm Scale ◽

Economic Analyses ◽

Uv C

UV-A (ca. 365 nm wavelength, a.k.a. ‘black light’) photocatalysis has been investigated to comprehensively mitigate odor and selected air pollutants in the livestock environment. This study was conducted to confirm the performance of UV-A photocatalysis on the swine farm. The objectives of this research were to (1) scale-up of the UV-A photocatalysis treatment, (2) evaluate the mitigation of odorous gases from swine slurry pit, (3) test different UV sources, (4) evaluate the effect of particulate matter (PM) and (5) conduct preliminary economic analyses. We tested UV-A photocatalysis at a mobile laboratory-scale capable of treating ~0.2–0.8 m3·s−1 of barn exhaust air. The targeted gaseous emissions of barn exhaust air were significantly mitigated (p < 0.05) up to 40% reduction of measured odor; 63%, 44%, 32%, 40%, 66% and 49% reduction of dimethyl disulfide, isobutyric acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, indole and skatole, respectively; 40% reduction of H2S; 100% reduction of O3; and 13% reduction of N2O. The PM mitigation effect was not significant. Formaldehyde levels did not change, and a 21% generation of CO2 was observed. The percent reduction of targeted gases decreased as the airborne PM increased. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis confirmed that UV-A treatment changed the overall nuisance odor character of swine barn emissions into weaker manure odor with ‘toothpaste and ‘mint’ notes. The smell of benzoic acid generated in UV-A treatment was likely one of the compounds responsible for the less-offensive overall odor character of the UV-treated emissions. Results are needed to inform the design of a farm-scale trial, where the interior barn walls can be treated with the photocatalyst.

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Development and Application of a Mobile Laboratory for Measuring Emissions from Diesel Engines. 1. Regulated Gaseous Emissions

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es034888d ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 2182-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

David R. Cocker ◽

Sandip D. Shah ◽

Kent Johnson ◽

J. Wayne Miller ◽

Joseph M. Norbeck

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Mobile Laboratory

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Imaging and Modelling of Flows of Gold Paste Tailings During Deposition — Laboratory Study and Field Scale Predictions

Proceedings of the Twelfth International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings ◽

10.36487/acg_repo/963_4 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julio Henriquez ◽

A Vandervoort ◽

Paul Simms

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Study ◽

Field Scale

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APPLICATION OF TITANIUM OXIDE COATINGS FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy ◽

10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.131-136 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

О. Halak ◽

N. Poltorak ◽

О. Kravchuk ◽

V. Synko ◽

Y. Korol

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Rays ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Oxide Coatings ◽

Mobile Objects ◽

Hazardous Chemical ◽

Catalytic Material ◽

Air Purifier ◽

Domestic Use ◽

Purification Methods ◽

Plasma Electrolytic

Contamination of hazardous chemicals is currently considered one of the major environmental problems. The methods of purification of gaseous emissions depending on the physicochemical properties of pollutants, in particular dangerous chemical, their aggregate state, concentration in the gas environment are studied in this article. The effect of aerosol content such as dust and soot is analyzed as well as the efficiency of purification methods at different temperature intervals, methods of purification of multicomponent mixtures. The comparative characteristics of thermochemical, reagent, sorption and catalytic methods are given and the prospects of their application in filtering systems of stationary and mobile objects are evaluated. It has been proved that almost any organic compounds can be oxidized (mineralized) on the TiO2surface. In practice, any photocatalytic air purifier includes a porous TiO2 deposited carrier, which is irradiated with ultraviolet rays and through which air is purged. Photocatalysis is suitable for domestic use as it can occur at room temperature. For example, a thermocatalytic method of destroying harmful substances requires preheating the air to a temperature above 200 ° C. Photocatalysis destroys substances that penetrate even through activated carbon filters. Features of formation of oxide coatings by plasma-electrolytic oxidation of titanium alloys are considered. It is proposed to refine the design of collective defense systems on armored vehicles and stationary facilities with additional installation in the filter-absorber of the grid with the deposited layer of catalytic material, which will neutralize various types of dangerous chemicals due to photocatalytic air purification.

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Sewage sludge as a precursor of adsorbents/catalysts for environmental applications

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2007.019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Ros ◽

C. Canals-Batlle ◽

M.A. Lillo-Ródenas ◽

E. Fuente ◽

M. A. Montes-Morán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Active Species ◽

Elemental Sulphur ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Removal Experiments ◽

Catalytically Active

This paper focuses on the valorisation of solid residues obtained from the thermal treatment of sewage sludge. In particular, sewage sludge samples were collected from two waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) with different sludge line basic operations. After drying, sludges were heated up to 700 °C in appropriate ovens under diluted air (gasification) and inert (pyrolysis) atmospheres. The solids obtained, as well as the dried (raw) sludges, were characterised to determine their textural properties and chemical composition, including the speciation of their inorganic fraction. All the materials under study were employed as adsorbents/catalysts in H2S removal experiments at room temperature. It was found that, depending on the particular sludge characteristics, outstanding results can be achieved both in terms of retention capacities and selectivity. Some of the solids outperform commercially available sorbents specially designed for gaseous emissions control. In these adsorbents/catalysts, H2S is selectively oxidised to elemental sulphur most likely due to the presence of inorganic, catalytically active species. The role of the carbon-enriched part on these solids is also remarked.

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