Choice Between Fluorescent and Poultry-Specific LED Lights by Pullets and Laying Hens

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2185-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Hongwei Xin ◽  
Lilong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources

Abstract. Light plays an important role in poultry development, production performance, health, and well-being. Light technology continues to advance, and accordingly new light products are finding applications in poultry operations. However, research concerning responses of young and adult laying hens to light sources is relatively lacking. This study assessed the choice between a Dim-to-Red poultry-specific light-emitting diode (LED) light (PS-LED, correlated color temperature or CCT = 2000K) and a warm-white fluorescent light (FL, CCT = 2700K) by pullets and laying hens (W-36 breed) via preference test. Birds with different prior lighting experiences were evaluated for their light choice, including (1) pullets (14 to 16 weeks of age or WOA) reared under incandescent light (designated as PINC), (2) layers (44 to 50 WOA) under PS-LED (LLED) throughout the pullet and laying phases, and (3) layers under FL (LFL) throughout the pullet and laying phases. Each bird category consisted of 12 replicates, three birds per replicate. Each replicate involved a 6-day preference test, during which the birds could move freely between two interconnected compartments that contained PS-LED and FL, respectively. Time spent and feed intake by the birds under each light were measured and then analyzed with generalized linear mixed models. Results showed that regardless of prior lighting experience, birds in all cases showed stronger choice for FL (p = 0.001 to 0.030), as evidenced by higher proportions of time spent under it. Specifically, the proportion of time spent (mean ±SEM) under FL versus PS-LED was 58.0% ±2.9% vs. 42.0% ±2.9% for PINC, 53.7% ±1.6% vs. 46.3% ±1.6% for LLED, and 54.2% ±1.2% vs. 45.8% ±1.2% for LFL. However, the proportions of daily feed intake occurring under FL and PS-LED were comparable in all cases (p = 0.419 to 0.749). The study thus reveals that prior lighting experience of the pullets or layers did not affect their choice of FL versus PS-LED. While the birds exhibited a somewhat stronger choice for FL, this tendency did not translate into differences in the proportion of feed use under each light type. Keywords: Behavior and welfare, Computer vision, Poultry Lighting, Preference assessment.

scholarly journals Effect of the Pellet and Mash Feed Forms on the Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Nutrient Metabolism, and Intestinal Morphology of Two Laying Hen Breeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Yi Wan ◽  
Ruiyu Ma ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Lilong Chai ◽  
Renrong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Feed Form

One of the most important factors that determine feed utilization by chickens is the feed form. Although it is generally believed that pellet diets have a positive effect on chicken growth, there are some studies that have indicated no difference between pellet and mash on chickens performance. This study was conducted to assess the effects of feed form on production performance, egg quality, nutrient metabolism and intestinal morphology in two breed laying hens. Two hundred and sixteen 25-week-old Hy-Line brown (n = 108) and Hy-Line grey (n = 108) hens were selected. Each breed was randomly allocated into two treatments with 6 replications (9 birds in each replication), which were fed mash and pellet diets, respectively. Production performances were recorded daily and egg quality traits were measured every two weeks. At 42 weeks of age, one bird per replication from each experimental group was selected for metabolism determination and intestine morphology observation. Compared with mash diets, pellet diets improved laying rate (p < 0.05), ADFI (average daily feed intake, p < 0.05), egg weight, shell strength, yolk proportion and Haugh unit (p < 0.05) in both breeds and reduced the FCR (feed conversion ratio, p < 0.05) in Hy-Line grey. The apparent digestibility of DM% (dry matter) and CP% (crude protein) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both breed laying hens fed pellet than those fed mash. The apparent digestibility of P% (phosphorus) and Ca% (calcium) was higher in Hy-Line grey fed pellet and was higher in Hy-Line brown fed mash. Compared to mash diets, pellet diets increased the VH (villus height), CD (crypt depth) and VCR (ratio of villus height to crypt depth) of the small intestine of Hy-Line grey, and increased the VH and CD of duodenum and ileum of Hy-Line brown. Overall, pellet diets improved production performance and nutrition metabolism through positive changes in the laying rate, feed intake, egg albumen quality and apparent digestibility of laying hens. The current findings provided support for the advantages of feeding pellets during the peak egg laying period for the two popular laying hen strains, Hy-Line brown and Hy-Line grey.

Reliability of High-Power Light Emitting Diode Attached With Different Thermal Interface Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Guo-Quan Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Nanosilver Paste ◽  
Interconnection Material

As a solid electroluminescent source, white light emitting diode (LED) has entered a practical stage and become an alternative to replace incandescent and fluorescent light sources. However, due to the increasing integration and miniaturization of LED chips, heat flux inside the chip is also increasing, which puts the packaging into the position to meet higher requirements of heat dissipation. In this study, a new interconnection material—nanosilver paste is used for the LED chip packaging to pursue a better optical performance, since high thermal conductivity of this material can help improve the efficiency of heat dissipation for the LED chip. The bonding ability of this new die-attach material is evaluated by their bonding strength. Moreover, high-power LED modules connected with nanosilver paste, Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder, and silver epoxy are aged under hygrothermal aging and temperature cycling tests. The performances of these LED modules are tested at different aging time. The results show that LED modules sintered with nanosilver paste have the best performance and stability.

Laying hens do not have a preference for high-frequency versus low-frequency compact fluorescent light sources

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Widowski ◽  
I.J.H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Testing Chamber

To determine whether hens find the flicker of some fluorescent light aversive, the preferences of 16 light hybrid laying hens for light produced by high-frequency or low-frequency compact fluorescent lamps were tested individually in a two-room testing chamber in which each room could be illuminated by either source. The spectral distributions of the lamps and levels of illumination (ca. 14 lx) in the two rooms were carefully matched and both rooms contained feed, water, and a nesting area. Overhead video cameras recorded the position and behaviour of the birds during a 6-h test period on each of 2 d. The light sources in the rooms were switched on the second test day to balance for any preferences for chamber room.On both test days, the birds spent similar amounts of time in fluorescent light produced by high-frequency and low-frequency lamps (P > 0.10). When data from both test days were combined, the birds spent on average 48.2% of time in light from high-frequency lamps and 51.8% from low-frequency. The frequency distributions of individual activities indicated that the birds performed all activities in light produced by both types of lamps. The results indicate that the laying hens in this experiment did not exhibit a preference for high-frequency fluorescent lamps over low-frequency lamps. We conclude that at the illumination levels used in this experiment, the hens did not perceive the flicker of low-frequency light or they perceived it but did not find it aversive. Low-frequency fluorescent light does not appear to adversely affect the welfare of hens. Key words: Lighting, fluorescent, flicker, behaviour, poultry

scholarly journals Productivity and Egg Quality of Two Commercial Layer Hybrids Kept in Free-Range System

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Muhittin Tutkun ◽  
Muzaffer Denli ◽  
Ramazan Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Free Range

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance and egg quality parameters of two layer hybrids (Lohmann Brown and Atak-S) which were reared in free-range system. The experiment was carried out with a total of 300 laying hens. From 18 to 50 weeks of age Lohmann Brown (LB) and Atak-S (AS) were housed in two groups of 150 hens in a poultry house with a stocking density of 7 hens/m2. The 2 trial groups were formed from 10 repetitions each consisting of 15 hens. At the 20, 30, 40 and 50 weeks of ages, the production performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated. Mean daily feed intake and feed efficiency through the trial were 111.2 g vs 124.3 g, and 2.46 vs 2.58 respectively for LB and AS hybrids (P

scholarly journals Effects of supplementing various linoleic to α-linolenic acid ratios and vitamin A on production performance and egg characteristics of laying hens during summer months

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

In the present feeding trial, responses of laying hens, kept at high ambient temperature, to various dietary ratios of linoleic acid (LNA) to α-linolenic acid (ALA) and vitamin A levels on performance and egg characteristics were evaluated. A total of 360, 40-wk-old, Leghorn laying hens were fed on diets with various combinations of canola oil and linseed oil to achieve LNA to ALA dietary ratios of 20:1, 10:1, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, each supplemented with 3000 IU or 10000 IU vitamin A/kg of diet. The diets were fed in a 6×2 factorial Completely Randomized Design that continued for 12 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, egg production and egg quality traits were recorded during the trial. Decreasing dietary LNA to ALA ratio in the diet affected negatively (P<0.05) on body weight gain and yolk percentage in laying hens. While, feed intake, hen-day and hen-housed egg production, feed conversion ratio (FCR) per dozen of eggs and shell quality remained unaffected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments, with the exception of FCR per kg eggs, egg weight and egg-shell thickness which responded significantly (P<0.05) to various dietary treatments. Although the dietary ratio of LNA to ALA of 4:1 or less could produce eggs by the hens with desirable quantities of n-6 and n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids – that are characteristics of functional diets – the performance of laying hens in terms of body weight gain and egg-yolk percentage was slightly compromised.

Supplementation of organic minerals and its effect on production performance and egg quality of laying hens

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Organic Minerals

The present study was conducted to find the effect of different levels of organic minerals on egg production and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 45 laying hens were selected and divided into three groups with 3 replicates of 5 birds each. The control group was provided with commercial ration having inorganic minerals and the other two groups were supplemented with organic minerals at the rate of 7.5 (OM-50) and 15 mg/kg (OM-100). The experiment lasted for 5 weeks including 1 week of adaptation period. Overall feed intake was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control. Significantly lower feed intake was recorded in group OM-100. Numerically lower (better) FCR was recorded in OM-100 at all recorded stages. Significantly (P<0.05) higher egg weight, egg shell weight and egg shell thickness was found in OM-100 compared to the control. Similarly, albumin height, Haugh unit and yolk weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in M-100. It was concluded from the present results that organic minerals at the level of 50 and 100 mg/kg improved the performance and egg quality of laying hens. However, better results were found in OM-100.

Does Light Color Temperature Influence Aspects of Oviposition by the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)?

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2549-2552
Author(s):  
Patrick Klüber ◽  
Daniel Bakonyi ◽  
Holger Zorn ◽  
Martin Rühl
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Light Color

Abstract In recent years, black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), larvae have attracted increasing attention because of their high capacity for bioconversion of diverse organic material into high-quality protein and lipids. Although previous studies have focused on optimization of breeding conditions, such as the acceptance of substrates, and temperatures and moisture contents, little is known about light-dependent adult development. Artificial light sources are important to commercial H. illucens breeding, especially at latitudes with short days in autumn and winter months. We examined how 3,000, 4,000, and 6,500 K color temperatures affect aspects of oviposition. Mating occurred under all of the broad spectrum light-emitting diode panels, resulting in fertilized egg clusters. Oviposition lasted up to 15 d, while the shortest oviposition period, in the 3,000 K light treatment, was 2 d. Total oviposition performance and oviposition period were not affected by the light treatments. Oviposition peaked 1–7 d after eggs were first deposited. The time until oviposition peaked was positively correlated with increasing color temperature.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Light Sources on Neural Activity of the Paraventricular Nucleus in the Hypothalamus

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Michio Yokoyama ◽  
Hyukki Chang ◽  
Hiroshi Anzai ◽  
Morimasa Kato
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Fluorescent Lighting

Background and Objectives: Physical function is influenced by light irradiation, and interest in the influence of light irradiation on health is high. Light signals are transmitted from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) via the retinal hypothalamic tract as non-image vision. Additionally, the SCN projects a nerve to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which acts as a stress center. This study examined the influences of three different light sources on neural activity in the PVN region using two different color temperatures. Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted using twenty-eight Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (10 week old males). Three light sources were used: (1) organic light-emitting diode (OLED) lighting, (2) LED lighting, and (3) fluorescent lighting. We examined the effects of light irradiation from the three light sources using two different color temperatures (2800 K and 4000 K). Perfusion was done 60 min after light irradiation, and then the brain was removed from the mouse for an immunohistochemistry analysis. c-Fos was immunohistochemically visualized as a marker of neural activity in the PVN region. Results: The number of c-Fos-positive cells was found to be significantly lower under OLED lighting and LED lighting conditions than under fluorescent lighting at a color temperature of 2800 K, and significantly lower under OLED lighting than LED lighting conditions at a color temperature of 4000 K. Conclusions: This study reveals that different light sources and color temperatures alter the neural activity of the PVN region. These results suggest that differences in the light source or color temperature may affect the stress response.

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