scholarly journals Morpho-physical Properties of Soils of Kanamadi South Sub-watershed of Karnataka

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Ashay D. Souza ◽  
P. L. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Irs P6 Liss Iv ◽  
Water Holding

An investigation was carried out to determine the morpho-physical status of soils of Kanamadi South sub- watershed in Karnataka state of India. A detailed soil survey of Kanamadi South sub watershed was carried out using IRS P6 LISS-IV image and a total of ten pedon location  which were well distributed in Kanamadi South sub-watershed was selected. The soils were shallow to deep. Colour of pedons varied from 10 YR 2/1 (black) to 10 YR 4/3 (brown). Soil texture varied from clay to clay loam, having loose to moderately subangular to angular blocky in structure with few fine roots distributed in surface horizons. Generally, the clay content increased with depth. Consistency of soil pedons ranged from slightly hard to hard when dry, friable to firm when moist, slightly sticky to very sticky and slightly plastic to very plastic when wet. The maximum water holding capacity of soil horizons ranged from 59.65 to 79.15 per cent and generally increased down the depth. The bulk density of pedons varied from 1.17 to 1.37 Mg m-3. In general, bulk density varied with depth with lowest bulk density at surface and highest recorded in sub surface depths. The field capacity varied from 28.21% to 41.32 %.The morphological and physical properties study in area helps for resource inventorization for successful watershed planning for soil and water conservation to enhance the potential of fertility of soils and major fertility enhancement to increase the soil productivity.

Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492c-492
Author(s):  
Chris Ely ◽  
Mark A. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Water Holding

Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.

Effect of Nano, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Some Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Productivity in Saline Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Kh. A. Shaban ◽  
M. A. Esmaeil ◽  
A. K. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Kh. A. Faroh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

The influence of biochar particle size and concentration on bulk density and maximum water holding capacity of sandy vs sandy loam soil in a column experiment

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G.A. Verheijen ◽  
Anna Zhuravel ◽  
Flávio C. Silva ◽  
António Amaro ◽  
Meni Ben-Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Water Holding

Soil Physical Properties of Tied Ridges in the Sudan Savannah of Burkina Faso

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Hulugalle ◽  
M. S. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Maize Varieties

SUMMARYThe soil physical properties of tied ridges were measured in a trial, established in 1983, comparing three treatments: handhoe cultivation and planting on the flat; planting directly without any cultivation on tied ridges constructed the previous year; and handhoe cultivation and remoulding of tied ridges constructed the previous year. Two maize varieties and two management levels were used. The soil properties monitored were particle size distribution, penetro-meter resistance in the surface 20 mm, bulk density, water infiltration, soil water retention and soil temperature.Soil physical properties were affected mainly by the type of seedbed. Clay content in the surface 0.05 m was greater with tied ridging, with that in the furrows being higher than that in the ridge slopes. Daily maximum soil temperature was greatest in the flat planted plots and in the ridge slopes of the tied ridged plots. Penetrometer resistance at a soil water content of 0.05 kg kg−1 was greater in the tied ridged plots. Cumulative infiltration after 2 h was greatest with flat planting. The bulk density of ridge slopes in tied ridged plots was less than that in the furrows and in the flat planted plots. Soil water retention was greatest in the furrows of the tied ridged plots. Clay content was the major factor determining all the soil physical properties measured.

scholarly journals Potential Water Conservation Using Site-Specific Variable Rate Irrigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-888
Author(s):  
Kenneth C Stone ◽  
Philip J Bauer ◽  
Gilbert C Sigua
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Variable Rate Irrigation

Abstract. Site-specific variable-rate irrigation (VRI) systems can be used to spatially manage irrigation within sub-field-sized zones and optimize spatial water use efficiency. The goal of the research is to provide farmers and consultants a tool to evaluate the potential benefits of implementing VRI. The specific objective of this research is to evaluate the potential water savings using VRI management compared with uniform irrigation management to maintain soil water holding capacity above 50% depletion using two irrigation scenarios: 1) a standard 12.5 mm irrigation per application; and 2) an application to refill the soil profile to field capacity. A 21-year simulation study was carried out on a selected field with varying degrees of soil and topographic variability. The simulated field had 12 soil mapping units with water holding capacities in the top 0.30-m ranging from 42 to 70 mm. The 21-year simulation covering all weather conditions for each soil produced only two significantly different irrigation management zones for scenario 1, and for scenario 2 only one management zone. However, when the 21-year period was divided into periods with different ratios of rainfall to reference evapotranspiration, the simulations identified 1 to 5 management zones with significantly different irrigation requirements. These results indicate that variable rate irrigation system design and management should not be solely based on long term average weather conditions. Years with differing weather conditions should be used for potentially identifying management zones for VRI systems. Irrigation application depths between management zones ranged from 17 to 38 mm. However, when the actual soil areas of the study field were utilized to calculate the total volume of irrigation water applied, it resulted in an increase in water usage in the 2 and 4 management zones ranging from -1.2% to 5.8%. Water usage with VRI over uniform irrigation was greater by -1.6% to 6.8% in the 12.5 mm irrigations and by -1.2% to 2.2% for the field capacity irrigations Keywords: Management zones, Precision farming, Variable-rate irrigation, Water conservation.

Subsoil bulk density and organic carbon stock in relation to land use for a Western Australian Sodosol

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary Bruand ◽  
Robert J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

It has been demonstrated that the high bulk densities of clayey subsoils of Sodosols can result from a process involving shrink/swell cycles and the development of ped coatings containing topsoil material. Our objective was to study this process according to land use and to compute the amount of organic carbon introduced into the subsoil as a consequence of ped coating in the subsoil. In an area located east of Katanning, we carried out an intensive soil survey and selected 2 closely adjacent sites with similar soils but differing in their land use: a cultivated soil and a never cultivated soil in an undisturbed strip of land. Pit faces and horizontal planes of the top of the subsoil were studied. The polygonal network corresponding to the cross-section of the prismatic peds was described. The clay content and bulk density of the prisms was determined. The carbon contents of the coatings and of the sandy material rich in organic carbon that corresponded to remnants of native vegetation was measured. Results showed that the coating process has occurred under native vegetation but is more active when the land has been used for agricultural and pastoral activities, as indicated by thicker sandy-clay coatings on the vertical faces of prisms and the higher bulk densities in the subsoil. The mean bulk density was 1.71 g/cm3 at 20-25 cm depth at the undisturbed site and was 1.86 and 1.82 g/cm3 at 20-25 and 25-30 cm depth, respectively, at the cultivated site. The total soil organic carbon stock was estimated to be close to 68.9 and 61.0 Mg/ha at the undisturbed and cultivated sites, respectively. The organic carbon stock in the subsoil was 38.5 and 23.3% of the respective total stocks. One fourth of the carbon stock in the subsoil corresponded to materials rich in organic carbon that originated from roots of native vegetation. The organic carbon stock in the ped coatings was <1% of the total stock at the 2 sites. Finally, our results support the adoption of zero-till agricultural system for the soil studied to restrict subsoil densification.

scholarly journals Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Physical Properties, Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Okra-Dhaincha-broccoli Cropping Sequence

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Vishaw Vikas ◽  
Jag Paul Sharma ◽  
A. K. Mondal ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Abhijit Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Water Holding

A study was conducted at Organic Farming Research Centre of SKUAST -Jammu during 2016 to 2017 to find out the impact of organic manures on soil organic carbon, physical and crop growth parameters Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli cropping sequence. The Soil Organic Carbon was analyzed by Chromic acid wet digestion method. However, in soil physical properties Bulk density was analyzed by Core method, water holding capacity by Keen Rackzowski Method and Infiltration rate by Double Ring Method. In the experiment, soil organic carbon was found non-significant in experiment. Bulk density was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very captivating change was observed as compared to control; T8 as the lowest value treatment with value 1.26 g cm-3 was recorded. Water holding capacity was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very positive change was observed as compared to control as WHC with highest value 43.68% was noted in T8 in 2017. Infiltration rate was also found to be significant in year 2016-17 as very positive change was observed as compared to control. Significant improvement in root volume, root length was observed in Okra and same was noted in size of curd in broccoli as compared to control. The significant impact of organic manures on soil quality parameters will provide a new way to improve the soil health and productivity in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals Erosion Effect on Soil Physical Properties in Selected Farmlands in Gidan Kwano, Niger State

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The study was conducted to investigate if erosion is a major problem and to identify the effect of erosion on some physical properties on selected farmlands on four farms in Gidan kwano. It was done by observation, interview, and questionnaire and soil sample analysis. The infiltration rate, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content, particle size and aggregate stability were determined for all the sample location. The erosion fields results were compared with the results of the non-eroded fields. The results showed that farming was done with simple method and mechanized equipment when available and erosion was considered a major problem in all the farms. The results revealed that bulk density values ranged between 1.475gcm-3and 1.606gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate fluctuated between 29.75cm/hr and 37.48cm/hr, porosity ranged between 36.49% and 44.34%, organic matter content fluctuated between 0.29% and 0.73% and aggregate stability ranged between 58.00% and 67.60% for the erosion field. The results also revealed that bulk density fluctuated between 1.458gcm-3and 1.544gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate ranged between 32.19 cm/hr and 40.48cm/hr, porosity fluctuated between 41.73% and 44.98%, organic matter content ranged between 0.30% and 1.09% and aggregate stability ranged between 63.97% and 68.93% for the non-eroded field. From the results, it provides evidence that the effects of erosion on the physical properties were increased bulk density, decreased infiltration rate, organic matter content, porosity, aggregate stability and percentage sand, silt and clay content. Statistical analysis proved that the results were significant (p<0.05) except for the bulk density and porosity which could be attributed to the swelling and compaction characteristics of the soils.

scholarly journals Physical characteristics of soils in the landslide areas of Cadac-an Watershed in Leyte, Philippines

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Jorge Cabelin ◽  
Beatriz Jadina
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Water Holding

Landslides have become very frequent in Leyte which justifies the need for soil assessment and characterization of the landslide-prone areas in the province. This study assessed the physical characteristics of soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed in Leyte, Philippines. Landslide cuts located in the central highlands of Cadac-an watershed were used as representative profiles in this study. These were examined, characterized and sampled for the analyses of soil physical properties which include particle size distribution (Pipette method), bulk density (Paraffin-clod method), particle density (Pycnometer method), porosity, total soil wet density, water holding capacity and field capacity (Gravimetric method), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Constant head method), liquid limit and plastic index. Generally, soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed had a sandy loam to clay loam to clayey texture, low bulk density, low particle density, high porosity, moderate total soil wet density, moderate to high water holding capacity, low to moderate field capacity, moderately high to high saturated hydraulic conductivity, moderate liquid limit and low plastic index. Based on the above characteristics, the soils are susceptible to landslide occurrence thus it is highly recommended to conduct constant assessment and monitoring the area.

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