scholarly journals Application of an Ultrasonic Sensor to Monitor Soil Erosion and Deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-974
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Knox ◽  
Aaron R. Mittelstet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Sediment Monitoring

HighlightsA sediment monitoring system was developed to measure erosion and deposition.The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to take high-frequency measurements.Tests in controlled lab settings showed high accuracy.The system measured 43.5 cm of deposition from two storm events.Abstract. Monitoring erosion at high temporal resolution can provide researchers and managers the data necessary to manage erosion. Current erosion monitoring methods tend to be invasive to the area of interest, record low-frequency measurements, have a narrow spatial range of measurement, or are expensive. There is a need for an affordable system capable of monitoring erosion and deposition non-invasively at high temporal resolution. The objectives of this research were to (1) design and construct a non-invasive sediment monitoring system (SMS) using an ultrasonic sensor capable of monitoring erosion and deposition continuously, (2) test the system in the lab and field, and (3) determine the applications and limitations of the system. The SMS was tested in the lab to determine the extent to which the soil type, slope, surface topography, change in distance, and vegetation impacted the measurements of the ultrasonic sensor. Soil type, slope, and surface topography had little effect on the measurement, but distance and the introduction of vegetation impacted the measurement. In the field during high flows, as erosion and deposition occurred, the changes in distance were determined in near real-time, allowing calculation of erosion and deposition quantities. The SMS was deployed to monitor deposition on sandy streambanks in the Nebraska Sandhills and erosion on a streambank and field plot in Lincoln, Nebraska. The SMS proved successful in measuring sediment change during high-flow events but yielded some error: ±1.06 mm in controlled lab settings and ±10.79 mm when subjected to environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind. Keywords: Deposition, Erosion, Monitoring, Ultrasonic sensor.

scholarly journals Status and perspectives of Mini-MegaTORTORA wide-field monitoring system with high temporal resolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karpov ◽  
G. Beskin ◽  
S. Bondar ◽  
A. Perkov ◽  
E. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Wide Field

scholarly journals A Low-Cost, Open Source Monitoring System for Collecting High Temporal Resolution Water Use Data on Magnetically Driven Residential Water Meters

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo J. Bastidas Pacheco ◽  
Jeffery S. Horsburgh ◽  
Robb J. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Residential Water

We present a low-cost (≈$150) monitoring system for collecting high temporal resolution residential water use data without disrupting the operation of commonly available water meters. This system was designed for installation on top of analog, magnetically driven, positive displacement, residential water meters and can collect data at a variable time resolution interval. The system couples an Arduino Pro microcontroller board, a datalogging shield customized for this specific application, and a magnetometer sensor. The system was developed and calibrated at the Utah Water Research Laboratory and was deployed for testing on five single family residences in Logan and Providence, Utah, for a period of over 1 month. Battery life for the device was estimated to be over 5 weeks with continuous data collection at a 4 s time interval. Data collected using this system, under ideal installation conditions, was within 2% of the volume recorded by the register of the meter on which they were installed. Results from field deployments are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, functionality, and applicability of the system. Results indicate that the device is capable of collecting data at a temporal resolution sufficient for identifying individual water use events and analyzing water use at coarser temporal resolutions. This system is of special interest for water end use studies, future projections of residential water use, water infrastructure design, and for advancing our understanding of water use timing and behavior. The system’s hardware design and software are open source, are available for potential reuse, and can be customized for specific research needs.

scholarly journals Status and Perspectives of the Mini-MegaTORTORA Wide-field Monitoring System with High Temporal Resolution

10.14311/1710 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Karpov ◽  
Grigory Beskin ◽  
Sergey Bondar ◽  
Alexey Perkov ◽  
Evgeny Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Status Report ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Optical Components

Here we briefly summarize our long-term experience of constructing and operating wide-field monitoring cameras with sub-second temporal resolution to look for optical components of GRBs, fast-moving satellites and meteors. The general hardware requirements for these systems are discussed, along with algorithms for real-time detection and classification of various kinds of short optical transients. We also give a status report on the next generation, the MegaTORTORA multi-objective and transforming monitoring system, whose 6-channel (Mini-MegaTORTORA-Spain) and 9-channel prototypes (Mini-MegaTORTORA-Kazan) we have been building at SAO RAS. This system combines a wide field of view with subsecond temporal resolution in monitoring regime, and is able, within fractions of a second, to reconfigure itself to follow-up mode, which has better sensitivity and simultaneously provides multi-color and polarimetric information on detected transients.

scholarly journals Decoding the Influence of Anticipatory States on Visual Perception in the Presence of Temporal Distractors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freek Van Ede ◽  
Sammi R Chekroud ◽  
Mark G Stokes ◽  
Anna C Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distractor Interference ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Cognitive Influences ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Eeg Recordings

AbstractWhile it has long been recognised that anticipatory states amplify early EEG responses to visual targets in humans, it remains unclear how such modulations relate to the actual content of the neural representation, and help prioritise targets among temporally competing distractor stimuli. Using multivariate orientation decoding of high temporal resolution EEG recordings, we first demonstrate that anticipation also increases the amount of stimulus-identity information contained in these early brain responses. By characterising the influence of temporally adjacent distractors on target identity decoding, we additionally reveal that anticipation does not just attenuate distractor interference on target representations but, instead, delay it. Enhanced target decoding and distractor resistance are further predicted by the attenuation of posterior 8-14 Hz alpha oscillations. These findings offer several novel insights into how anticipatory states shape neural representations in service of resolving sensory competition in time, and they highlight the potential of non-invasive multivariate electrophysiology to track cognitive influences on perception in tasks with rapidly changing displays.HighlightsAnticipatory states help resolve visual competition in timeAnticipation enhances early target coding and delays distractor interferenceAttenuated alpha oscillations also enhance target coding and distractor resistanceEEG decoding is a powerful tool for tracking percepts in rapidly changing displaysSignificance statementWhile the neural mechanisms by which anticipatory states help prioritise inputs that compete in space have received ample scientific investigation, the mechanisms by which the human brain accomplishes such prioritisation for inputs that compete in time remain less well understood. We used high temporal resolution EEG decoding to individuate (and track in time) neural information linked to visual target and distractors stimuli that were presented in close temporal proximity. This revealed that anticipatory states help resolve temporally competing percepts by a combination of enhanced target (but not distractor) coding as well as delayed interference on this target coding caused by temporally adjacent distractors – thus allocating a “protective temporal window” for high-fidelity target processing.

scholarly journals The acoustic quality and health in urban environments (SALVE) project: Study design, rationale and methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Haselhoff ◽  
Bryce Lawrence ◽  
Jonas Hornberg ◽  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
Robynne Sutcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
List Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Project Study ◽  
Acoustic Quality

AbstractSound pressure levels expressed in variations of decibel (dB) formulations are a common approach to describe the urban acoustic environment (AE). In recent years, different approaches gained traction to describe the urban AE, like the soundscape ecology approach, which focuses on the natural environment. To determine the feasibility of applying this approach to cities, a comprehensive dataset of high-quality sound recordings with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential.The acoustic quality and health in urban environments (SALVE) project aims to establish a spatially and temporally high-resolution dataset of the urban AE using land use categories. Since 2019, we assess the AE at selected places in the densely populated city of Bochum, Germany. For a high temporal resolution, we used automatic devices at 52 locations that recorded every 26 minutes for three minutes. For a high spatial resolution, we used manual devices to perform a five-minute recording four times a year at 730 selected locations. Altogether, we ended up with 1,500,493 minutes of sound recordings.Aim here is to outline our sampling design, methods used, and applied quality procedures in order to achieve a well-defined and high quality dataset presented for further scientific analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this represents one of the most extensive datasets currently available, which will provide a comprehensive database for future in-depth analyses of the associations between the urban AE, urban fabric and human health.HighlightsA conceptual sampling framework for measuring the urban acoustic environment is givenOne of the most extensive datasets of the urban acoustic environment is introducedExperiences and results of the field work of the SALVE-Project are presented

Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – New Techniques and Insights

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H Mahnken ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Ct Scanners ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiac Mdct

Over the last decade, cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology has experienced revolutionary changes and gained broad clinical acceptance in the work-up of patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). Since cardiac multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was introduced in 1998, acquisition time, number of detector rows and spatial and temporal resolution have improved tremendously. Current developments in cardiac CT are focusing on low-dose cardiac scanning at ultra-high temporal resolution. Technically, there are two major approaches to achieving these goals: rapid data acquisition using dual-source CT scanners with high temporal resolution or volumetric data acquisition with 256/320-slice CT scanners. While each approach has specific advantages and disadvantages, both technologies foster the extension of cardiac MDCT beyond morphological imaging towards the functional assessment of CAD. This article examines current trends in the development of cardiac MDCT.

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